Structure and performance of welding joint of Q235 steel welded by SHS welding

A self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) welding-pen that can weld steel workpiece from 6 to 10 mm is developed and welds the Q235 steel. The structure and properties of the welding joint are studied. The result indicates that this type of welding is melting and the fusion zone is clear. The tensile-strength of the welding joint is 283 MPa, flexural strength is 628 MPa, impact toughness is 46.43 J·cm⁻², and the microhardness of the welding joint and fusion zone are 230 HV_0.1 and 255.6HV_0.1, respectively. The mircohardness of the fusion zone and the welding line are higher than that of the matrix.     

材料自蔓延合成磁场环境的产生方法及强磁体研制

为了研究磁场环境对自蔓延高温合成的影响,从而利用磁场环境合成出所需材料,本文设计和制作了用于开展磁场环境下自蔓延高温合成(SHS)材料试验的强磁体。通过永磁铁磁场和通电线圈产生磁场的叠加,在实验区域产生特斯拉级强度。其中的关键技术有:同时改变永磁铁磁场方向或通电线圈中电流大小,实现连续改变实验区磁场强度(0~1 T),采用蓄电池供给短时间大电流。与同等强度的传统磁体比较,该磁体重量和成本降低1/10。     

自蔓延燃烧合成多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的显微组织和孔隙结构

以镍粉和钛粉为原料,采用自蔓延燃烧合成技术制备了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金,研究了压坯压力、镍含量、钛粉粒径等参数对合金孔隙尺寸、孔隙均匀性和显微组织的影响。结果表明:自蔓延燃烧合成的NiTi合金为螺旋分层结构;压坯压力在100~200 MPa范围内再经自蔓延燃烧合成的NiTi合金的孔隙均匀,且为三维连通结构,比较理想;镍质量分数为40%左右时,孔隙的分布和三维贯通性均较理想;当钛粉粒径较大时,出现了大量的液相和NiTi2、Ni3Ti等杂质相,反应很不充分,钛粉粒径在50~100μm之间为好。     

Fracture strength evaluation of welded steel joint by means of small punch test

It has been well known that the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of each weld structure or its shift (ΔDBTT) from parent material is one of the very useful measures of the fracture characteristics in steel weldment. In order to present an applicability of small punch (SP) test technique to weldments, in this study, a fracture strength of microstructure at any localized region of interest on HAZ, weld metal and parent material in two steels was evaluated by using DBTT or ΔDBTT obtained from the SP test in relation to the data obtained from the COD test. The empirical correlation, (ΔDBTT) _SP ⋟0.55 (ΔDBTT) _COD , was obtained from the SP and COD test. In addition, the effects of test materials, that is the microstructures of welded region and the orientations of specimens etc, did not appear at the empirical correlation.     

Effects of laser shock processing on mechanical properties of laser welded ANSI 304 stainless steel joint

With the rapid development of engineering component with integration,high-speed and multi-parameter,traditional techniques haven’t met practical needs in extreme service environment.Laser welding,a new welding technology,has been widely used.However,it would generate the drop of mechanical properties for laser welded joint due to its thermal effect.Laser shock processing(LSP) is one of the most effective methods to improve the mechanical properties of laser welded ANSI 304 stainless steel joint.In this paper,the effects of LSP on the mechanical properties of laser welded ANSI 304 stainless steel joint have been investigated.The welded joint on the front of the tensile samples is treated by LSP impacts,and the overlapping rate of the laser spot is 50%.The tensile test of the laser welded joint with and without LSP impacts is carried out,and the fracture morphology of the tensile samples is analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).Compared with the yield strength of 11.70 kN,the tensile strength of 37.66 kN,the yield-to-tensile strength ratio of 0.310 7,the elongation of 25.20%,the area reduction of 32.68% and the elastic modulus of 13 063.876 MPa,the corresponding values after LSP impacts are 14.25 kN,38.74 kN,0.367 8,26.58%,42.29% and 14 754.394 MPa,respectively.Through LSP impacts,the increasing ratio of the yield strength and tensile strength are 121.79% and 102.87%,respectively;the elongation and area reduction are improved by 5.48% and 29.38%,respectively.By comparing with coarse fracture surface of the welded joint,the delamination splitting with some cracks in the sharp corner of the welded joint and asymmetric dimples,LSP can cause brighter fracture surface,and finer and more uniform dimples.Finally,the schematic illustration of dimple formation with LSP is clearly described.The proposed research ensures that the LSP technology can clearly improve the yield strength,tensile strength,yield-to-tensile strength ratio,elongation,area reduction and elastic modulus of the welded joint.The enhancement mechanism of LSP on laser welded ANSI 304 stainless steel joint is mainly due to the fact that the refined and uniform dimples effectively delay the fracture of laser welded joints.     

Some investigations on microstructure and mechanical properties of submerged arc welded HSLA steel joints

This paper investigates the influence of the submerged arc welding (SAW) process parameters (welding current and welding speed) on the microstructure, hardness, and toughness of HSLA steel weld joints. Attempts have also been made to analyze the results on the basis of the heat input. The SAW process was used for the welding of 16 mm thick HSLA steel plates. The weld joints were prepared using comparatively high heat input (3.0 to 6.3 KJ/mm) by varying welding current (500–700 A) and welding speed (200–300 mm/min). Results showed that the increase in heat input coarsens the grain structure both in the weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ). The hardness has been found to vary from the weld centre line to base metal and peak hardness was found in the HAZ. The hardness of the weld metal was largely uniform. The hardness reduced with the increase in welding current and reduction in welding speed (increasing heat input) while the toughness showed mixed trend. The increase in welding current from 500 A to 600 A at a given welding speed (200 mm/min or 300 mm/min) increased toughness and further increase in welding current up to 700 A lowered the toughness. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces of impact test specimen was carried out to study the fracture modes. Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) was carried out to investigate the variation in wt.% of different elements in the weld metal and HAZ.     

Using a principal components analysis for developing a robust design of electron beam welding

This paper presents the application of principal components analysis for Taguchi orthogonal experiments to develop a robust electron beam welding treatment (EBWT) process with high efficiency multiple performance characteristics (MPCs). In this study, the principal components analysis (PCA) design incorporating the correlation matrix of tested trials is employed. In the first step, the MPCs are reduced to two independent components using PCA. Both components accounted for 98.8% of the total variance. The first principal component (PC), which refers to the integrated hardening capability index of the EBWT process, accounts for 70.7% of the total variation. The remaining 28.1% were contributed by the second PC, which can be interpreted as the penetration capability index. In the second step, we identify the most important PC loading vectors using PCA, and estimate the importance of the PCs. By using PCA, relationships between different MPCs can be investigated and the most important factors for the variance of the EBWT process can be identified. The experimental results show that redundant information could be eliminated by using principal components in conjunction with Taguchi’s orthogonal array experiments. This proposed approach is simple, effective, and efficient for developing a robust and high-efficiency EBWT process of high quality. In this study, the MPCs in the EBWT process are successfully optimized .     

Effect of shielding gas mixture on gas metal arc welding of HSLA steel using solid and flux-cored wires

In this work, gas metal arc welding of high strength-low alloy (HSLA) steel with solid- and flux-cored arc welding wires using different shielding gas compositions was performed. The composition of filler wire and shielding gas in gas metal arc welds of HSLA steel determines the inclusion characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties. Thus, acceptable weld metal properties in HSLA steel using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process could be achieved with the proper combination of filler wire and shielding gas composition.     

阀座不锈钢喷焊层厚度的电磁法检测

介绍了一种新的检测不锈钢喷焊层厚度的方法,论述了其在实际应用中的可靠性和高效率。     

LJ376QC型柴油机性能与结构分析

本文主要阐述柳州机械厂为适应农用微车配套需要而研制的 LJ376QC型柴油机的技术性能 ,配车试验并对主要件结构特点作了分析     

Q235与X70钢在新加坡土壤中的应力腐蚀行为现场试验研究

通过国产Q235钢与X70钢U形试样在新加坡现场埋样试验,应用腐蚀形貌观察、裂纹扩展形貌观察、腐蚀产物的分析以及土壤理化性质分析等手段研究Q235钢和X70钢在新加坡土壤中的应力腐蚀行为特征,初步研究国产钢在国外典型土壤环境中的耐蚀性。结果发现,新加坡土壤中含有较多的硫化菌,硫化菌降低了硫酸盐还原菌的破坏作用;Q235钢与X70钢U形试样在新加坡酸性土壤中埋样1年后均发现了应力腐蚀开裂(Stress corrosion cracking,SCC),表现出明显的SCC敏感性,X70钢应力腐蚀敏感性强于Q235钢,钢的强度对于应力腐蚀敏感性有一定的影响;点蚀的发生和酸性土壤环境促进了应力腐蚀的发生,其应力腐蚀过程主要受阳极溶解(Anodic dissolution,AD)控制,同时可能存在氢致开裂(Hydrogen induced cracking,HIC)的混合控制。     

Optimisation of cobalt-based hardfacing in carbon steel using the fuzzy analysis for the robust design

In this paper, we present the application of the fuzzy logic analysis to a Taguchi orthogonal experiment for developing a robust model with high efficiency in multiple performance characteristics (MPCs) of the plasma transfer arc welding (PTAW) hardfacing process. It eliminates uncertain information and is a simple, effective, and efficient approach. A fuzzy logic system is used to simultaneously investigate relationships between various MPCs and to determine the efficiency of each trial of the Taguchi experiments. From the fuzzy inference process, we are able to determine the optimal setting of factor-levels for the MPCs. In addition, we also use the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the significant factors, which coincide with findings from the fuzzy logic analysis and are found to account for about 79% of the total variance. Furthermore, a confirmation experiment of the optimal process is conducted, and it verifies that both individual performance characteristics and MPCs are successfully optimized and satisfy our desired levels of MPCs.     

Ti6Al4V激光选区熔化成形悬垂结构的质量研究

为了减小成形误差,提高激光选区熔化成形复杂特征结构件的能力,实验采用Ti6Al4V金属粉末,设计了不同倾斜角度的悬垂结构模型,研究了倾斜角度、扫描策略对悬垂结构SLM成形质量的影响。结果表明：倾斜角度越小,悬垂面的边缘线宽度误差越大（>80μm）,表面粗糙度值越大（>20μm）,翘曲变形越严重;岛形随机扫描策略的整体成形质量要低于Z形正交扫描策略,但对不同角度的悬垂结构影响不同。结合QM-Meltpool监控系统,从熔池的角度分析了倾斜角度和扫描策略的影响,为悬垂结构SLM成形提供了参考依据。     

Effect of cryogenic and QPQ compound treatment on the microstructures and performance of high speed steel

China’s High-speed steel cutting tools hold a considerable share in the global market.However,the overproduction of low-end HSS tools causes serious resource waste and low efficiency,which has become one of the major problems in the tool industry in China.So a new Surface Modification technology is developed,which can make the low-end HSS tools into the high-end ones.On the analysis of the mechanism of cryogenic and quenching-polish-quenching(QPQ),the cryogenic and QPQ compound treatment are studied by using φ8 HSS(M2) drills.The nitriding layer and the base of the drill bit are Studied and analyzed,and the mechanism of compound treatment is discussed by the technological parameters adjustment and the combination test of cryogenic,nitrogen,tempering procedures,and several analysis methods such as the optics metallographic microscope,the scanning electronic microscope (SEM),X-ray diffraction and micro hardness.The cutting test is done on the drills by cryogenic treatment,QPQ treatment and cryogenic and QPQ compound treatment separately.The results indicates that the cutting life of HSS (M2) drill can be increased dramatically by cryogenic and QPQ compound treatment.     

Lensed plastic optical fiber with an aspherical fiber end formed by joining an aspherical plastic lens and a plastic optical fiber using laser transmission welding

In optical communication systems which require the coupling of the light source to the fiber, efficient coupling can be practically realized either using a separate lens or by direct formation of the lens at the fiber end. A novel lensed plastic optical fiber (LPOF) is presented with efficient coupling of the plastic optical fibers with a light source. An aspherical plastic lens was bound with a flattened plastic fiber end by laser transmission welding (LTW) to form an aspherical fiber endface which can provide better coupling efficiency than a spherical fiberface. An analysis demonstrates that LTW can offer strong welding with small heat affected zones that are appropriate for commercial use. In this study a useful method for manufacturing lensed-end fibers is developed and demonstrated experimentally.     

白车身装焊单元点焊机器人路径规划研究

轿车白车身装焊单元,常采用多机器人同时焊接,设备多、机器人工作空间环境复杂,依靠经验方法的路径规划工作量大且难以优化。通过对装焊单元进行分析,在采用商品化的建模与仿真软件对装焊单元进行建模的基础上设计了Probabilistic Roadmap算法自动规划点焊机器人的运动路径。通过对一单机器人装焊单元进行路径规划与仿真验证说明了规划方法的有效性。     

光纤机敏结构振动形态感知及其SMA致动控制

以模拟太空帆板结构为试验模型,针对振动状态监测与主动控制技术需求,着重进行柔性光纤机敏结构振动形态感知及其形状记忆合金(SMA)致动控制研究。技术方法上基于分布植入式FBG传感网络的信息感知特性与结构形态曲面拟合算法,实现结构分布多点曲率检测与形态重构,并为基于SMA致动的结构振动主动控制提供判决依据;基于结构表面分布配置的SMA驱动网络,采用分组交替驱动方式实现结构低阶模态大幅振动主动控制;设计试验模型结构与构建完整试验测控平台,并综合阐述了试验方案与试验过程。试验结果验证了结构振动形态感知的有效性,以及结构振动SMA致动控制的可行性和高效性,为航天柔性结构低阶模态振动主动监控提供了较好的技术探索思路。     

溅射沉积MoS2薄膜中掺杂Ti对其结构与性能的影响研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射沉积技术制备纯MoS2和不同Ti掺杂量的MoS2-Ti复合薄膜。用SEM和XRD对薄膜的形貌和结构进行分析,用纳米划痕仪测试薄膜与基底间的附着力,用球-盘摩擦试验机评价薄膜在大气和真空环境中的摩擦学性能。研究结果表明:在溅射沉积MoS2薄膜过程中掺杂金属Ti,有效地阻断了MoS2疏松、多孔柱状晶的优势生长,从而生成组织结构致密、无定形态的薄膜,提高了其与基底间的附着力。掺Ti复合薄膜在大气和真空环境中的摩擦学性能都得到显著改善,真空环境中10%Ti含量的薄膜耐磨寿命最长,是纯MoS2膜的37倍,大气环境中20%Ti含量的薄膜耐磨寿命最长,是纯MoS2膜的67倍。     

高效节能钢带式果蔬干燥生产线结构浅析

介绍了高效节能钢带式果蔬干燥生产线的闭环热风干燥系统、蓄热节能系统、供热节能系统、分段分仓在线控温系统、风力除水布料系统、主传动模块、钢带输送装置等模块的结构、工作原理。分析了提高风机进气温度,降低排气温度和充分利用热量及风力去水装置所取得的节能效果。为节能钢带式干燥机的优化设计提供了重要的参考依据。     

热旋轧工艺对30Mn2结构钢组织与力学性能的影响

某型工件所用材料为30Mn2,采用工频加热—热旋轧—淬火—回火热加工工艺,为改进工件的质量,研究了工频加热温度和时间、热旋扎变形量对毛坯工件组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明:毛坯工件工频加热到1230℃后再持续加热时可导致过热或过烧;热旋轧变形量越大越有利于对魏氏组织进行矫正及提高工件的综合力学性能;非金属夹杂物的形态和类型也对热旋扎工件的抗过热、过烧能力有重要影响.