ICP-AES法测定及分析窖泥中重金属元素

以窖泥为对象,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法快速测定了重金属元素Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn含量,结果表明：窖泥中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn元素含量平均值分别为0.000 7 μg/g、0.011 3 μg/g、0.098 3 μg/g、0.038 5 μg/g、0.910 7 μg/g,其中Pb迁移变化活跃,变异系数达131.85%。窖泥Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn的单项污染指数值显著低于国标限量水平,各窖池综合污染指数值同样显著低于国标安全评价标准值,表明企业窖泥清洁安全无重金属污染风险。     

东洞庭湖鲢鱼和鳙鱼中重金属富集差异分析

为分析东洞庭湖水体中重金属污染情况以及鲢鳙鱼间重金属富集存在的差异性,测定东洞庭湖沉积物以及鲢鱼和鳙鱼不同组织中5种重金属(Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb和Hg)的含量。结果显示,沉积物中Cr的含量低于国家一级土壤标准限值,Cu、Pb和Hg低于二级土壤标准限值,Cd的含量是国家三级土壤环境标准值的6倍;鲢鱼和鳙鱼中重金属的分布排序均为Cr:鳃肝脑肉,Cu:肝脑鳃肉,Cd:肝鳃脑肉,Pb:鳃肝肉脑,Hg:肉肝脑鳃;根据鱼类的生物-沉积物富集因子,相比Cr和Pb,鲢鱼和鳙鱼都更易富集Cu、Cd和Hg,而鲢鱼比鳙鱼更易富集Cd,鳙鱼比鲢鱼更易富集Hg;另外,鲢鱼和鳙鱼肝脏中Cd的含量超出行业标准限量,其它组织中重金属均未超标。表明东洞庭湖中Cd的污染最为严重;不同鱼类对重金属的富集确实存在差异性,不同组织对同一重金属的富集能力也存在显著差异;相比较鱼鳃和肝脏,鱼肉和鱼脑对重金属的亲和能力较弱。     

湘莲不同器官中常见重金属含量检测及富集特征分析

目的:了解湘莲种植区底泥及湘莲不同器官中常见重金属含量,进而探究湘莲各部位对重金属的富集转移特征。方法:以湖南省典型湘莲种植区为研究对象,通过ICP-OES检测底泥及湘莲不同器官中Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mn含量;采用生物富集系数(BCF)和生物转移系数(TF)评价湘莲对重金属的富集转移特征。结果:底泥中Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mn含量均值分别为0.73,176.28,40.48,27.61,28.07,95.57,311.68 mg/kg,与NY/T 391—2021限量值相比,Cd、Cr、Pb含量的超标率分别为100%,75%,10%。湘莲中7种重金属的最高富集器官：莲芯中为Cd、Cu、Zn,莲根中为Cr、Pb,去芯莲肉中为Ni,莲叶中为Mn,其含量均值分别为0.20,13.64,78.58,14.66,2.23,1.11,924.03 mg/kg。仅莲茎和莲叶中的BCF_Mn均值>1,各器官中的TF_Cu值均>1。结论:研究区以Cd污染相对严重;湘莲不同器官重金属含量不同,莲茎及莲叶对Mn有较强富集作用,...     

青蛤与文蛤的营养成分分析与评价

对海州湾冬季养殖池塘中成体青蛤与文蛤营养成分进行测定,结果表明：青蛤和文蛤这两种海洋埋栖蛤类的贝肉水分含量(77.23、76.39g/100g mf)、总糖含量(4.45、4.14g/100g mf)均较为接近,而灰分、粗脂肪以及粗蛋白含量均有显著差异(P ＜ 0.05)。文蛤粗蛋白含量高达15.54g/100g mf,而青蛤为11.55g/100g mf;青蛤的灰分及粗脂肪含量分别高达4.91g/100g mf 和1.86g/100g mf,显著高于文蛤含量(2.86g/100g mf 和1.07g/100g mf)。在Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb 和Zn 这6 种重金属中Zn 含量最高,青蛤的含量仅12.77μg/g,文蛤则高达252.59μg/g,除Pb 在青蛤略超标外,其余均未超标。这两种贝肉均含有18 种编码氨基酸,其中含有人体所需的全部10 种必需氨基酸。青蛤与文蛤的第一限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸,氨基酸评分分别为50.8 和53.0,第二限制氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸+ 酪氨酸,氨基酸评分分别为55.0 和53.5。谷氨酸的含量最高,在青蛤和文蛤中分别高达116.5mg/g 和111.5mg/g,这远高于其他17 种氨基酸。呈味氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占的比例均高达42% 以上,适宜作为食用或开发呈味物质;青蛤与文蛤的必需氨基酸指数IEAA 相近,分别为50.0 和50.3。必需氨基酸占总氨酸的比例则十分接近,均在45% 左右,远高于WHO/FAO 推荐的模式35.38%,这说明青蛤和文蛤是比较理想的蛋白源。     

黄芪原药材及饮片中7种金属含量分析

目的优化元素测定时样品湿法消解的方法,分析黄芪原药材及饮片中Al、As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn7种金属的含量。方法样品加入10 mL HNO_3-HC1O_4(4:1,V:V)混酸过夜后,在赶酸前加入4 mL 30%H_2O_2溶液,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometery,ICP-OES)测定7种金属元素的含量;将检出的As、Cd、Pb、Cu及Al、Ni、Zn的含量分别与各元素的限量标准比较,计算超标率。结果各金属元素在0.2～20μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,加标回收率为75%～125%,相对标准偏差为1.20%～2.14%。检出限为0.0021～0.0702μg/mL,定量限为0.0063～0.2106μg/mL。黄芪中As、Pb、Cd、Ni4种重金属均未检出,Al、Zn、Cu 3种金属元素均有检出;检出的Cu均不超标,Al、Zn2种元素都超标;饮片中A1和Zn的超标率均为60%。本研究分析的黄芪样品未受到As、Pb、Cd、Ni 4种重金属的污染,Cu虽然有检出,但其含量并未超过相关标准,Al、Zn污染相对比较严重。结论本方法准确,灵敏,适用于黄芪中多种金属元素的分析。     

环神农架地区植烟土壤重金属评价及其富集特征

研究了环神农架地区主要植烟土壤91个耕层样品8种重金属元素Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、Hg的水平,利用单冈子和内梅罗污染指数法对该区土壤重金属环境质量状况进行了评价,并探讨了该区土壤重金属的富集特征.研究结果显示:环神农架地区土壤重金属元素含量存在较大变异,以Hg和Pb变异最大,变异系数分别为60.22%和59.78%,Ni元素变异最小,变异系数为17.81%.环神农架地Ⅸ植烟土壤Cr、Cu、As、Cd、Pb、Hg含量均符合无公害生产产地标准,Ni和Zn元素分别有3个和2个样品超标,综合污染评价显示供试土壤分别有78%和22%处于清洁和尚清洁水平.以湖北省A层(0～20 cm)土壤元素背景值为基准的研究结果表明,20世纪90年代以来,环神农架地区8种重金属均存在不同程度富集,而As、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni富集更为明显.     

不同生长时期高体鰤中5种金属测定及健康风险评价

目的 分析不同生长时期高体鰤各部位5种金属元素(Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb和Cu)含量特征,并进行健康风险评估。方法 分别对高体鰤大鱼(鱼龄2～3年,重7～8 kg)和中鱼(鱼龄1年, 1～2 kg)的背肉、腹肉、皮、鳃、头和内脏进行微波消解处理,采用原子吸收光谱仪测定Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb和Cu含量,运用目标危害系数法、综合污染指数法和单因子污染指数法进行污染评价。结果 从高体鰤大鱼和中鱼单个重金属的平均含量上看,Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb和Cu的平均含量依次为18.5887、0.0453、0.6402、0.1307、5.0417 mg/kg和14.0747、0.0660、0.4760、0.1212、0.9818 mg/kg,符合国家标准规定。但从高体鰤各个部位来看,其内脏、鳃、鱼皮中积累的重金属较多,且两种规格的高体鰤各个检测部位中Zn超标,主要集中在大鱼的皮、内脏和中鱼的皮。高体鰤大鱼Zn、Cr、Pb和Cu的平均含量都高于中鱼,Cd的含量低于中鱼,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。污染评价表明,不同生长时期高体鰤的5种重金属均达到无污染水平,综合污染指数也为无污染,单一金属风险和重金属...     

马铃薯及耕地土壤重金属含量的测定及健康风险评价

目的 对青海大学农林科学院试验田马铃薯和其根系土壤中镉、铬、铜、铅、镍、锌的含量进行检测及评价。方法 使用石墨消解仪对样品进行前处理, 使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定马铃薯和土壤中的Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni和Zn等6种重金属含量; 采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合指数法对重金属污染程度进行分析评价; 采用目标危险系数法(target hazard quotient/total target hazard quotient, THQ/TTHQ)对马铃薯进行单一及复合重金属摄入健康风险评价。结果 该研究区土壤中6种重金属单项污染指数均小于1, 综合污染指数小于0.7, 未对土壤造成污染, 马铃薯中除了Cu和Zn污染处于安全水平, Cr和Ni污染达到轻污染水平, Cd和Pb污染达到重污染水平 , 根据富集系数(bio-concentration factor, BCF ) 发现马铃薯对Cd和Pb有一定的富集能力; 成人和儿童因食用马铃薯而摄入重金属Cu、Ni和Zn的单一健康风险指数和复合健康风险指数均大于1, 对儿童和成人存在健康风险。结论 该研究区土壤中重金属污染程度较低, 而马铃薯中重金属的残留对人体健康存在隐患。     

杭州湾和海州湾彩虹明樱蛤体内重金属的富集状况及聚类分析

采用原子吸收法对杭州湾和海州湾内慈溪、乍浦、连云港3个彩虹明樱蛤地理群体的Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu和Zn 这6种重金属的含量进行测定,并与相关标准进行比较评价。结果表明：Cd 、Ni 、Zn、 Cu、Pb 五种重金属在杭州湾的慈溪和乍浦彩虹明樱蛤体内的富积量要显著高于海州湾连云港群(P＜0.05),而Cr则相反。这6种重金属中,海州湾与杭州湾彩虹明樱蛤体内主要的重金属污染物为Zn,为548.589～732.201μg/g;综合来看,3个群体中以连云港的污染最轻,而乍浦的污染较重;对这6种重金属的聚类分析结果表明杭州湾南北两岸彩虹明樱蛤重金属污染特性相近,欧氏距离最小89.79,而与海州湾连云港彩虹明樱蛤重金属污染特性区别较大,欧氏距离分别高达139.19和204.56,这一结果与地理距离一致。     

辽西地区食用鱼中重金属含量的测定及食用安全性评价

经微波消解处理样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定辽西地区常见食用鱼中肉、鳃和内脏3个组织器官内Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Pb、Zn六种元素的含量。方法相对标准偏差0.54%～2.03%,加标回收率94.0%～110.0%。结果表明：所检测鱼中Fe、Zn、Cu含量较高,Cd、Cr、Pb含量较低;鱼内脏和鳃中的重金属含量高于鱼肉;Cr、Zn和Cu的含量均低于国家食品限定量;部分鱼样中Cd和Pb的含量超标,但未超过暂定每周可耐受摄入量。因此辽西地区市售所检测鱼种可食用,但仍有必要降低摄入量。     

江西抚州烟区土壤及烟叶重金属污染状况评价

为了弄清江西抚州烟区土壤和烟叶中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg等重金属含量和污染状况,运用内梅罗指数和相关分析法,对这些重金属元素在土壤和烟叶中的含量进行了测定。结果表明,该烟区土壤中重金属含量总体上低于我国土壤二级标准（GB15618-1995）,但其污染程度已处于警戒线水平,Cd和Hg为烟区土壤主要风险因子。土壤和烟叶中重金属含量顺序分别为Zn> Pb> Cr> Cu> Ni> As> Cd> Hg和Zn> Cu> Pb> Cd> Cr> Ni> As> Hg,土壤中Hg、Cd、As和烟叶中Ni、Cr变异系数均较大。烟叶中重金属富集系数顺序为Cd> Zn> Cu> Hg> Ni> Cr> Pb> As,烟叶Cd富集系数高达11.67,表明烟草属于Cd强烈富集作物。     

Trace element content of fish feed and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) from aquaculture and wild source in Missouri

Trace element content of fish feed and bluegill sunfish muscles (Lepomis macrochirus) from aquaculture and natural pond in Missouri were determined using the inductively coupled-plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and the direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Dietary intake rates of trace elements were estimated. Dogfish muscle (DORM-2) and lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-2) reference standards were used in trace element recovery and method validations. The average elemental concentrations (mg/kg diet, dry wt.) of fish feed were: As 1.81, Cd 2.37, Co 0.10, Cr 1.42, Cu 8.0, Fe 404, Mn 35.9, Ni 0.51, Pb 9.16, Se 1.71, Sn 20.7, V 0.09, Zn 118 and Hg 0.07. The mean elemental concentrations (μg/kg wet wt.) in bluegill muscles from both aquaculture and wild (in parenthesis) sources were: As 0.36 (0.06), Cd 0.28 (0.01), Co 0.0 (0.0), Cr 0.52 (0.05), Cu 0.38 (0.18), Fe 17.5 (2.43), Mn 0.18 (0.24), Ni 0.18 (0.04), Pb 1.03 (0.04), Se 0.34 (0.30), Sn 0.66 (0.42), V 0.02 (0.01), Zn 6.97 (9.13) and Hg 0.06 (0.24). Kruskal–Wallis chi square indicated significant differences in As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, Zn and Hg (P < 0.001), Se (P < 0.01) and Mn (P < 0.05) across the sampling locations. Dietary intake rates, estimated from weekly consumption of 228 g of aquaculture and wild bluegills, posed no health risks for approximately 85% of all samples.     

北京市售大米重金属含量监测及膳食风险评估

监测市售大米重金属含量,为北京市食品安全风险评估提供参考和数据支撑,采集了市售大米样品537件,分析其9种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sr和Zn)含量。采用内梅罗综合污染指数法评价市售大米的重金属污染水平,采用健康风险评价模型进行食用安全评估。结果如下:大米Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sr和Zn含量平均值分别为0.02、0.02、2.27、2.63、9.10、0.15、0.07、0.17和14.27 mg/kg。大米重金属污染程度依次为:PbZnNiCuCdCr,其风险等级依次为:CuZnCdPbCrNi。结果表明,大米重金属的内梅罗综合污染指数较低,表明当前北京市售大米整体状况较好、处于安全水平;大米重金属对儿童的THQ贡献率高于成人,相关部门应加强有毒重金属监督与相应膳食指导。     

Safety evaluation of the metals in some brands of nail polish in Nigeria

This article shows the concentrations of ten metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn and Al) measured in 30 different brands of nail polish in the Nigerian market in order to provide some relevant information on the safe levels of these products for consumers. The metal concentrations in the nail polish samples ranged from <0.15 µg/g Cd, <0.03 to 7.25 µg/g Pb, <0.03 to 40 µg/g Ni, <0.1 to 8.25 µg/g Cr, <0.03 to 590 µg/g Cu, <0.03 to 3.00 µg/g Co, <0.1 to 15,200 µg/g Fe, <0.05 to 458 µg/g Mn, <0.03 to 595 µg/g Zn and <0.25 to 13,600 µg/g Al. The concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Co were found above the suggested allergenic limit of 1 µg/g in 56, 33 and 17 % of the 30 brands, respectively, whereas Cd and Pb were detected at levels below their permissible limits as impurities in cosmetics as specified by Health Canada. The brands made in Nigeria contained lower concentrations of Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Pb and Al than the imported brands.     

Essential elements and contaminants in tissues of commercial pelagic fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

BACKGROUND: It is important to determine the concentrations of essential and non‐essential metals in fish for human health. The essential elements and contaminants (Pb and Cd) were determined seasonally in the muscle and liver of some pelagic fish species round herring (Etrumeus teres), chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) from the Iskenderun Bay, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. RESULTS: The Na, K, Ca and Mg were the most abundant elements in muscle and liver tissues. The Na, K, Ca and Mg concentrations in fish tissues were between 51.7 and 3426 mg kg^?1. Muscle accumulated the lowest levels of elements. Trace element and contaminant levels in muscle were highest in spring and summer. The Cu, Zn and Cr concentrations were highest in summer. The Ni, Mn and Fe concentrations were highest in spring. The maximum Pb concentrations in the muscle and liver of fish species was 0.39 and 0.80 mg kg^?1 in autumn. The maximum Cd concentration in the muscle of fish was 0.27 mg kg^?1 in spring and the maximum Cd concentration in the liver was 0.78 mg kg^?1 in summer. CONCLUSION: The Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn levels in muscle were found to be lower than permissible limits reported by various authorities. Estimated weekly and daily intake for Pb and Cd by consumption of fish muscle were far below the PTWI and PTDI values established by FAO/WHO. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Multielemental analysis of purpleback flying squad using high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS)

Forty-four elements were analyzed in 21 tissues of purpleback flying squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, by high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES). Greater concentrations of V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Cd, Pb, and Bi were found in liver, pancreas, and ink sac than in other tissues. Ink sac concentrated remarkable levels of Ca and Sr in addition to the above-mentioned elements. Several alkalis, alkaline earth, and rare earth elements preferentially accumulated in muscle. Among the hard tissues, accumulation of V and U in beak, Ni, Zn, and Cd in gladius and Cr in skin was prominent. K, Rb, Cs, Pb, Bi and some transition elements (V, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the livers of adult than in juvenile squids. Sodium, alkaline earth, and rare earth elements were higher in the livers of juveniles than in adult squids.