微量稀土对HA177-2铜合金组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和常规力学性能测试分析了微量稀土对HA177-2铝黄铜组织和力学性能的影响,结合静态腐蚀实验研究了添加稀土后合金耐腐蚀性能的变化,并利用扫描电镜、能谱分析和XRD等方法对腐蚀产物层进行了分析。结果表明:添加适量稀土可以使铝黄铜晶粒细化,强度提高,但塑性有所下降;在3.5%NaCl溶液中,含稀土铝黄铜比不含稀土的铝黄铜耐蚀性能好,表面形成一层致密且与基体结合牢固的腐蚀产物层,其主要成分:内层为Al_2O_3和稀土氧化物,外层为Cu、Zn的碱式氯化物和氯化物;而在3.5%NaCl+0.05%S~2-溶液中,添加稀土虽能改善腐蚀产物层结构,但膜层已被Cu_2S严重脆化,合金耐腐蚀性能反而略有下降。     

含稀土HAl77-2铝黄铜的腐蚀行为

通过测定3种不同成分的铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）溶液和NaCl（3.5%）＋NH4Cl（0.5 mol/L）溶液中的腐蚀速率、电化学行为分析,以及对腐蚀产物层进行SEM观察和XRD分析,研究了铝黄铜的腐蚀行为。结果表明：添加Ce可以降低铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）溶液中极化时的自腐蚀电流密度;含Ce的Cu-Zn-Al-Ni-B-Ce在NaCl（3.5%）溶液中腐蚀后腐蚀产物层表现出最佳的腐蚀形貌和耐腐蚀性能,而添加稀土并不能改善铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）＋NH4Cl（0.5 mol/L）溶液中的耐腐蚀性能;联合添加As和Ce的Cu-Zn-Al-Ni-As-B-Ce在这2种介质中的耐腐蚀性能反而下降。     

稀土铝黄铜在NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的研究

设计了一种无砷的HAl77-2-Re耐腐蚀铝黄铜.利用失重法、电化学测试、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜与能谱分析等手段研究了这种稀土铝黄铜在NaCl(3.5%)溶液中的耐腐蚀性能及其腐蚀行为.结果表明:在稀土铝黄铜的腐蚀过程中,稀土参与了表面腐蚀产物膜的形成,增大了极化电阻,抑制了腐蚀的进行,提高了合金的耐腐蚀性能;与含砷铝黄铜相比,表现出了较好的耐腐蚀性能.     

含稀土HSn70-1锡黄铜的腐蚀行为研究

通过对Cu-Zn-Sn-Al-Ni-B-Mn-Sb-0.05RE和Cu-Zn-Sn-Al-Ni-B-Mn-Sb-0.1RE锡黄铜分别在NaCl(3.5%)溶液和NaCl(3.5%) NH4Cl(0.5mol/L)溶液中的腐蚀速率测定、腐蚀产物层SEM观察和XRD分析以及X射线能谱分析,研究了含稀土锡黄铜的腐蚀行为.结果表明:含稀土的锡黄铜在NaCl(3.5%)溶液中腐蚀后,腐蚀产物层薄而均匀,与基体之间的结合较好.稀土、硼等元素的添加可以明显改善锡黄铜耐Cl-腐蚀性能;在NaCl(3.5%) NH4Cl(0.5mol/L)溶液中发生了明显的沿晶腐蚀.同时,随稀土含量的增加,锡黄铜在含NH4 的人工海水介质中的耐腐蚀性能有所提高.     

微量铟对稀土铝黄铜腐蚀性能的影响

采用失重法、X射线衍射法、电化学测试、扫描电镜等手段对比分析研究了铈铝黄铜和添加微量铟的新型铝黄铜的耐蚀性能。结果表明,铈铝黄铜的平均腐蚀速率为7.3×10-3 mm/a,新型铝黄铜的腐蚀速率为6.7×10-3mm/a。添加铟后能大幅度提高极化电阻,从而减小了腐蚀电流密度,耐腐蚀性能进一步得到提高;铟的加入改善了膜的结构,含In铈铝黄铜在NaCl(3.5%)溶液中腐蚀后表面形成了一层致密、完整的腐蚀产物膜,一定程度地抑制了脱锌;铟能减少锌的析氢反应,从而进一步抑制了黄铜的脱锌腐蚀。因此微量铟的加入可以改善稀土铝黄铜的腐蚀性能。     

连续柱状晶组织Cu-12%Al合金在3.5%NaCl和10%HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用静态浸泡腐蚀实验、电化学分析方法等研究连续定向凝固方法制备的具有连续柱状晶组织的Cu-12%Al(质量分数,下同)合金在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液和10%HCl(体积分数)溶液中的耐腐蚀性能及腐蚀机理。结果表明:Cu-12%Al合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能可达到耐蚀级。虽然在40℃以下的10%HCl溶液中该合金的耐腐蚀性能可达到耐蚀级,但在40℃以上的10%HCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能欠佳。连续柱状晶组织Cu-12%Al合金的耐腐蚀性能优于Al含量为5%~11%的传统铝青铜和QBe2合金的耐腐蚀性能,但劣于QBe2.15合金的耐腐蚀性能。在3.5%NaCl溶液和10%HCl中连续柱状晶组织Cu-12%Al合金的自腐蚀电位分别为-271 mV(vs SCE)和-333 mV(vs SCE)。腐蚀发生后试样表面的Al元素含量明显下降,腐蚀机制为脱铝腐蚀。     

形变锡青铜合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为研究

对CuSn10Zn2FeCo合金进行形变热处理,采用全浸泡腐蚀试验对合金试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀机理进行研究。试验结果表明:不同热处理条件下CuSn10Zn2FeCo合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中静态腐蚀速率分别为0.0182 mm/a和0.0197 mm/a,耐腐蚀性能均优于ZCuSn10Zn2合金;合金发生脱铁腐蚀,形变热处理后合金成分均匀化使合金耐腐蚀性能得到改善。     

含铈铝黄铜的显微组织与性能

采用金相组织分析、显微硬度分析、质量损失分析、电化学测试和扫描电镜等手段研究铈铝黄铜和砷铝黄铜的加工性能、组织结构和耐蚀性能.结果表明:铈铝黄铜最佳热轧温度为700～750℃,该合金表现出良好的冷加工性能,退火组织细小均匀,700℃退火1 h后再结晶晶粒大小为50 um左右.在NaCl(3.5%)溶液中腐蚀过程中,铈铝黄铜表面形成-层较均匀致密腐蚀产物膜,较好地阻止了Zn从基体表面向介质中扩散,在一定程度上抑制了脱锌;铈铝黄铜耐腐蚀性能略优于砷铝黄铜,腐蚀速率为6.2×10-3mm/a.     

一种新型Cu-Sn-Fe-Ni合金及其在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为

利用熔铸和形变热处理工艺制备得到了一种Cu-Sn-Fe-Ni合金，并通过静置腐蚀和电化学测试研究了合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的静态腐蚀行为，用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对合金腐蚀后微观组织和腐蚀产物进行了表征，最后讨论分析了该合金腐蚀机理。结果表明：合金在质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中静态腐蚀速率为0.0473mm/a，耐腐蚀性能较好；合金随着浸泡时间的增加，其耐腐蚀性先增加后减弱；合金在浸泡过程有明显的优先腐蚀倾向，首先发生脱Fe腐蚀，接着Cu氧化形成较致密的钝化膜，进而降低合金腐蚀速率，随后Sn和Ni开始溶解腐蚀，形成氧化膜，使钝化膜更为致密，但此时钝化膜下层依然发生脱Fe腐蚀，促使致密的钝化膜发生局部破坏，导致合金的耐腐蚀性能下降。     

稀土铈对Ni-P镀层组织和性能的影响

目的研究稀土铈对Ni-P镀层表面组织、沉积速率和耐腐蚀性能的影响,提高沉积速率,改善镀层表面质量,进而提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能。方法采用酸式化学镀方法在50钢基体表面制备了添加稀土铈的Ni-P合金镀层,研究稀土铈的添加量对Ni-P合金镀层表面组织形貌和性能的影响。采用金相显微镜观察镀层表面组织形貌,参照GB/T13913—2008计算镀层沉积速率;使用HV-1000Z型显微硬度计测定合金镀层的硬度,采用均匀腐蚀全浸试验法测试合金镀层在5%NaCl溶液和10%NaOH溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果稀土铈的添加量为40 mg/L时得到的合金镀层组织细小、均匀、平整、致密,沉积速率达到最大值10.4 mg/(cm2·h)。随着稀土铈添加量的增加,镀层硬度明显增大,在稀土铈质量浓度为60 mg/L时,最大硬度值达到487.2HV,硬度提高了13.5%。Ni-P合金镀层在5%NaCl和10%NaOH溶液中耐腐蚀实验结果表明,未添加铈的镀层腐蚀速率最大,添加稀土铈的镀层腐蚀速率呈现先降低后增加的趋势,稀土铈质量浓度为40 mg/L时,镀层的腐蚀速率最低。结论稀土铈可以明显改善镀层表面质量,提高镀层沉积速率、硬度和耐腐蚀性能。     

Comparative Study on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y and Mg-Zn-Gd Alloys

Rare earth (RE) elements have large solid solubility in magnesium and are widely used to regulate the microstructure and property of advanced magnesium alloys. However, different kinds of RE elements have different effects on microstructure and property of the alloy. In this study, a Mg-Zn-Y alloy and a Mg-Zn-Gd alloy with alloying elements of the same atomic percentage were designed to clarify the effect of yttrium (Y) and gadolinium (Gd) on the corrosion behavior of as-cast MgZn₂Y_2.66 and MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloys. The results show that the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase and long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, while MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase and (Mg, Gd)₃Zn phase (W phase). Generally speaking, the corrosion phenomena of the two alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution are similar. In the early stages of exposure, the alloys underwent uniform corrosion at a relatively low corrosion rate. With prolonged exposure, localized corrosion became dominated and the corrosion rate was greatly increased. However, the corrosion rate of the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy, in terms of the corrosion current density, is about one order of magnitude lower than that of the MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloy. The high corrosion resistance of the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy is mainly attributed to the presence of LPSO phase in form of continuous networks and the relatively high corrosion resistance of the corrosion product layer on the alloy.     

合金元素对新型Co-Al-W合金热腐蚀行为的影响

研究了由γ'-Co₃(Al,W)相沉淀强化的新型钴基Co-Al-W 高温合金在800℃、75% Na₂SO₄+25% NaCl熔盐中的热腐蚀动力学及合金元素Mo、Nb、Ta和Ti对合金热腐蚀行为的影响。研究发现,2Mo、2Nb、 2Ta和2Ti合金比9.8W合金具有更好的抗热腐蚀能力,Mo和Ti对提高合金耐热腐蚀能力的效果比Ta和Nb显著。加入合金元素的合金热腐蚀膜由三层组成,即主要由Co氧化物CoO和Co₃O₄组成的腐蚀膜外层,由合金元素、Al、 Co及W复杂氧化物组成的中间过渡层和由Al、Co氧化物组成的腐蚀膜内层。随着腐蚀时间的增加,中间过渡层厚度逐渐增加,热腐蚀膜内、外层厚度变化不大,但内层致密性逐渐增加。     

Sb对Mg-5Al-2Sr合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用失重法、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和腐蚀形貌等方法研究了微量Sb对Mg-5Al-2Sr合金在3.5 mass% NaCl中性水溶液中耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-5Al-2Sr-xSb(x=0,0.3,0.6,1.0)合金在3.5 mass% NaCl中性水溶液中初期的腐蚀类型为点蚀,点蚀源于块状三元τ相和颗粒状SbSr₂相。这些相的数量越多,尺寸越大,合金的腐蚀愈严重。网状分布的Al_4Sr相能够成为合金腐蚀的有效障碍。Mg-5Al-2Sr合金中加入0.3% Sb不仅能够有效地细化α-Mg基体组织,同时促进了Al₄Sr相的形成,使该相的分布更趋网状化,该合金的自腐蚀电位明显正移,腐蚀电流密度减小,腐蚀速率降低,合金的耐蚀性能提高。     

Influence of rare earth element Ce and La addition on corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy

Two types of AZ91 magnesium alloys containing rare earth element Ce or La were fabricated. Hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behavior of new AZRE (RE = Ce or La) and AZ91 alloys in 3.5% NaCl solutions (pH 6.50). Various corrosion rate tests indicated that addition of RE obviously enhanced corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The optimal content of RE was 0.92% for Ce and 0.66% for La. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and low‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the effect of RE addition on microstructure and corrosion product film of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The refined β phase and formation of γ phase in AZRE alloy were observed by SEM, which resulted in the improvement of corrosion resistance due to the depression of microgalvanic couples. Moreover, the enhanced protective effectiveness of corrosion products was another reason for the improved corrosion resistance.     

Influence of a prefilming treatment on the corrosion resistance of aluminium brass in aqueous solutions

The influence of a short-time prefilming treatment with benzimidazole-2-thiol on the corrosion resistance of Cu Zn 22Al 2 has been examined. The efficiency of the prefilming treatment has been evaluated by recording the anodic and the cathodic polarization curves in 0.1 N NaCl. Ellipsometric measurements have been carried out in order to obtain some information on the properties of the layer. Comparative data on “prefilmed” and “bare” Cu Zn 22Al2 specimens have been obtained in aqueous chloride solutions circulating in a corrosion loop and by tests in moist atmosphere containing SO₂. Galvanic corrosion testing have been carried out by using small not prefilmed areas and large prefilmed ones, simulating in this way the partial removal of the film from the metallic surface. The results suggest that a metal-inhibitor film forms on Al-brass, which mainly affects the cathodic reaction rate. Furthermore, the tests clearly indicate that the effect of benzimidazole-2-thiol is strongly influenced by a pre-existing oxide layer on the alloy surface. A good protection against atmospheric corrosion is reached by prefilming treatment. Corrosion loop testing indicate that prefilming does not hinder the formation of protective corrosion products on the surface of the alloy in flowing aqueous solutions.     

微弧氧化处理对AZ91D镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用碱性硅酸盐溶液,在AZ91D镁合金试样表面制得微弧氧化膜,并利用电化学阻抗方法对镁合金及微弧氧化处理试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行比较研究.结果表明,镁合金经微弧氧化处理后,腐蚀电位和膜层阻抗均有一定程度的提高.但在浸泡过程中,微弧氧化处理试样的电化学参数呈现出不同的变化规律,初期波动较大,后期则逐渐降低,趋向稳定.     

添加稀土元素对Ni-P/PVDF化学复合镀层耐蚀性的影响

在化学镀Ni-P/PVDF合金镀液中添加稀土元素Y³⁺和La³⁺制备Ni-P/PVDF(RE)复合镀层,用电化学腐蚀测试系统测试复合镀层的耐蚀性,研究了稀土元素的添加量对镀层耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在基础镀液中加入适量稀土元素后,所获得的Ni-P/PVDF(RE)复合镀层的晶粒较Ni-P/PVDF镀层更为细小,表面更加均匀和致密;镀层的耐蚀性随着稀土元素加入量的增加呈现先增强后减弱的趋势;在稀土元素的添加量为0.1g/L时,复合镀层的耐蚀性最好。在PVDF微粒和稀土元素的共同影响下,进一步提高Ni-P/PVDF(RE)镀层的耐蚀性。     

Effect of combinative addition of strontium and rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The influencf of strontium（Sr） and rare earth（RE） elements on the corrosion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated by conventional corrosion testing and electrochemical measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. After comparing the mass loss and hydrogen evolution of the samples, the microstructures of the alloys and the morphologies of their corrosion product films were characterized by electron probe microanalysis-energy dispersive spectrometry（EPMA-EDS） and Auger electron spectroscopy（AES）. Compared with individual addition of Sr or RE to AZ91D, the combinative addition of 0.5% Sr and 1% RE to AZ91D successfully decreases the corrosion rate further, which can be attributed to the depression of micro-galvanic couples, as well as the formation of more protective film due to aluminum enrichment. The combinative addition of strontium and rare earth elements to AZ91D magnesium alloy appears to be a promising approach to increase its corrosion resistance.     

Role of Microalloyed Y and Gd in Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Rolled Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy

The corrosion performances of rolled AZ31 alloy with addition of Y and Gd were comparatively investigated. The corrosion rates of AZ31 alloy modified with Y and Gd were 3.3 and 3.7 mm/y immersing for 24 h in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, respectively, which were much lower than that of AZ31 alloy (23.6 mm/y). The remarkable improvement in corrosion performance by adding Y or Gd was ascribed to preferentially form less noble Al₂Y or Al₆GdMn₆ and more protective corrosion product layer, resulting in the reduction in H₂ evolution rate and the enhancement of passivity.