高效液相色谱法对稻谷及稻谷籽粒中黄曲霉毒素的测定研究

采用免疫亲和柱净化的前处理方法,建立了用甲醇-乙腈-水(28∶17∶55体积比)三元流动相体系分离黄曲霉毒素(G2、G1、B2、B1),柱后光化学在线衍生、高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定稻谷及稻谷籽粒中黄曲霉毒素(G2、G1、B2、B1)的新方法。使用该方法可在20 m in内完成测定,4种黄曲霉毒素的线性关系r值均大于0.999。样品在不同水平的加标回收试验中,回收率为79%~108%,相对标准偏差2.2%~9.5%,黄曲霉毒素G2、G1、B2、B1,的检出限均小于0.40μg/kg,黄曲霉毒素B1的检出限为0.20μg/kg。该方法灵敏度高、简单快速、准确且重复性好。同时运用该方法对稻谷籽粒中黄曲霉毒素的分布进行研究。     

免疫亲和柱净化-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定火锅底料中的5种真菌毒素

目的：建立复合免疫亲和柱净化、超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测火锅底料中的黄曲霉毒素B1(Aflatoxins B1,AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(Aflatoxins B2,AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(Aflatoxins G1,AFG1)、黄曲霉毒素G2(Aflatoxins G2,AFG2)、赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A, OTA)的方法。方法：样品提取后,经复合免疫亲和柱净化,以0.1%甲酸水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,用Agilent EclipsePlus C18 RRHD色谱柱分离,ESI+进行多反应监测,内标法定量。结果：5种真菌毒素的线性范围在0.1～10.0 ng/mL,相关系数(r)>0.999,检出限0.1μg/kg,定量限0.3μg/kg。3个加标水平下(0.2、5.0、10.0μg/kg)的回收率在81.38%～97.87%之间,相对标准偏差为0.79%～6.18%。结论：该方法快速准确,可用于火锅底料中5种真菌毒素的定性、定量检测。     

免疫亲和层析净化-高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶和奶粉中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1、M2

建立牛奶和奶粉中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1、M2的免疫亲和层析净化和柱后衍生高效液相色谱测定方法。样品经溶解、离心、过滤后,通过免疫亲和柱,黄曲霉毒素特异性抗体选择性地与存在的黄曲霉毒素抗原键合,形成抗体-抗原复合体。甲醇-乙腈混合溶液(4:5,v:v)洗脱,带荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪经柱后衍生测定,外标法定量。标准曲线线性良好,添加回收率在57.0%～88.7%,相对标准偏差在3.37%～16.9%,牛奶中各黄曲霉毒素检出限:B1为2ng/kg,B2为1ng/kg,G1、G2为3ng/kg,M1、M2为5ng/kg;奶粉中B1为20ng/kg,B2为10ng/kg,G1、G2为30ng/kg,M1、M2为50ng/kg,检测低限能够满足各国对牛奶和奶粉中黄曲霉毒素的限量要求。该方法准确、快速、灵敏度高,适用于牛奶和奶粉中黄曲霉毒素的测定。     

利用高效液相色谱检测干(坚)果中的黄曲霉毒素

采用柱后衍生高效液相色谱法测定干(坚)果中的黄曲霉毒素.以Agilent Zorbax SB-C18为分离柱,流动相为乙腈/水,梯度洗脱,用荧光检测器检测.其结果线性关系良好,最低检出浓度B1、G1为0.23 μg/kg,B2、G2为0.10 μg/kg,4种黄曲霉毒素的回收率在82%～100%之间.应用本方法检测干(坚)果中黄曲霉毒素操作安全、快速、准确度高、精密度好.     

超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定粮食及食用油中的黄曲霉毒素

应用超快速液相色谱―串联质谱法技术,建立粮食及食用油中黄曲霉毒素的检测方法,并对宁夏市售小麦粉、玉米制品和食用油进行分析。样品经乙腈―水(20︰80)提取,免疫亲和柱净化;以甲醇–0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,用Atlantis T3色谱柱分离,以电喷雾正离子模式进行质谱测定。采用该方法,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2可在6分钟内完成检测,分别以小麦粉、玉米制品和食用油为加标基质,三个加标水平下的平均回收率为75.6%~94.1%,相对标准偏差小于10.0%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.05μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.15μg/kg。该方法操作快速简单、重现性好,可用于粮食中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2的检测。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用植物油中4种黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2

目的 建立测定食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的优质高效的分析方法。方法 采用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取, 弗罗里硅土小柱净化, 经 C18色谱柱分离, 以电喷雾离子源在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定, 外标法定量。结果 黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的检出限均为0.04 ?g/kg, 定量限均为0.10 ?g/kg, 在0.1~20 ?g/L范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数r分别为0.9986, 0.9986, 0.9992, 0.9996。在0.1~5.0 ?g/kg加标水平内黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的回收率为79.1%~94.6%, RSD为5.0 %~9.6%。结论 该方法实用、准确、灵敏, 适用于食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素残留量的测定。     

坚果中黄曲霉毒素的光化学柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定

目的建立坚果中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定方法。方法样品以甲醇-水(70:30,v/v)溶液匀质提取,过黄曲霉毒素总量免疫层析亲和柱净化,经LaChrom C18色谱柱分离和光化学柱后衍生反应器衍生后,用带有荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定。采用峰面积外标法定量坚果中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2含量。结果四种黄曲霉毒素在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,B1、B2、G1、G2的检出限依次为0.10、0.05、0.10、0.05μg/kg。在3个添加水平下回收率为77.5%~109.8%,相对标准偏差为1.43%~2.71%。结论该方法的灵敏度、准确度、精密度均符合黄曲霉毒素的检测技术要求,适用于坚果中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的日常检测。     

柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱荧光法同时测定啤酒中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2

目的建立柱前衍生-UPLC-FLD法测定啤酒中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的方法。方法样品直接经过乙腈稀释提取,提取液经过离心后,取上清液用多功能柱净化,净化液经氮气吹干、用三氟乙酸衍生后,经定容、微孔滤膜过滤、进液相色谱分析,以ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。结果 4种黄曲霉毒素线性范围较宽,相关系数r在0.999 2~0.999 6之间,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2检出限分别为0.05、0.02、0.08、0.02μg/kg。加标回收率90.47%~108.17%之间,回收率的RSD在0.97%~8.13%之间。结论本法操作简便、准确度好、精密度高,干扰性小,能满足啤酒中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的同时测定。     

免疫亲和柱净化-光化学柱后衍生高效液相色谱 荧光法测定粮食中黄曲霉毒素

建立了粮食中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的免疫亲和柱净化-光化学柱后衍生高效液相色谱荧光检测法。样品经甲醇-水提取,免疫亲和柱净化,高效液相色谱分离,光化学柱后衍生,荧光检测器测定。结果表明,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的检出限分别为0.50、0.25、0.50、0.25μg/kg,回收率为67.2%～91.7%,RSD小于10%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,能满足我国对粮食中黄曲霉毒素限量的检测要求。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-质谱法检测食品中14 种真菌毒素

建立QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-质谱检测食品中14 种真菌毒素的方法。均质样品用1%乙酸-乙腈提取,经分散固相萃取净化后,采用ACQUITU UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm）分离。采用电喷雾电离、多反应监测方式,可同时对食品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、青霉酸、黄曲霉毒素M1、黄曲霉毒素G2、桔青霉毒素、黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素A、杂色曲霉毒素、HT-2毒素、T-2毒素、鬼臼毒素14 种真菌毒素进行定性和定量分析。最低检出限为0.5～1 μg/kg。该方法简便快速、选择性佳、灵敏度高,适用于食品安全事件分析中真菌毒素的分析。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测粮谷中的黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素

建立粮谷类食品中黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1 和G2)和赭曲霉毒素A 的同时检测方法。样品经过甲醇- 水(80:20,V/V)提取,液液萃取净化和富集后,三氟乙酸衍生,采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 色谱柱(4.6mm ×250mm),以乙腈和体积分数2% 冰醋酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,在线变换波长荧光检测。根据3 倍信噪比的峰 响应值,确定黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1 和G2)和赭曲霉毒素A 检出限分别为0.06、0.03、0.18、0.05μg/kg 和0.51μg/kg,上述5 种毒素分别在质量浓度0.05～100、0.125～25.00、0.05～100、0.125～25.00μg/L 和0.05～50.00μg/L 范围内呈线性相关,相关系数r 分别为0.9998、0.9998、0.9998、0.9996 和0.9998;在玉米、大米、小麦3 类样品中加标回收率平均为71.73%～115.37%,相对标准偏差为3.00%～9.88%,方法学验证结果表明,黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A 5 种毒素同时检测结果与现行国标的单独检测方法检测结果无显著性差异(P ＞ 0.05)。     

A rapid, sensitive and economic method for the detection, quantification and confirmation of aflatoxins.

A rapid, sensitive and economic method for the detection, quantification and confirmation of aflatoxins is described. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, are extracted by methanol/water (85 + 15) and partitioned into methylene dichloride. The methylene dichloride solution is cleaned up on a polypropylene column, filled with 0.5 g silica gel 60. The aflatoxins are eluted with chloroform-acetone (90:10) and are detected using bidirectional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with aluminium silica gel foil. The mean recovery of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn samples was 73, 78, 80, and 64%, respectively; the limit of detection was 0.5 micrograms/kg. The results can also be confirmed by derivative formation using trifluoroacetic acid on the TLC plate. The method has been applied to a wide range of foods with good results.     

Validation of a confirmatory analytical method for the determination of aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ in foods and feed materials by HPLC with on-line photochemical derivatization and fluorescence detection

A sensitive and selective analytical method for the simultaneous separation and quantitative determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in foodstuffs and materials for feed has been validated. The method is based on high performance liquid chromatography with on-line post-column photochemical derivatization and fluorescence detection. The chromatographic separation of aflatoxins was accomplished using a C18 column eluted with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water, methanol and acetonitrile. The sample preparation required a simple extraction of aflatoxins with MeOH/H2O (80:20, v/v) and a purification step by immunoaffinity column cleanup. The total analysis time, including sample preparation and chromatographic separation, did not exceed 40 min with a run time of 10 min. The on-line photochemical derivatization ensures better results in terms of simplicity, sensitivity and reproducibility with respect to chemical derivatization techniques, and provides an increase of the peak resolution and an extent of automation in comparison with the electrochemical ones. The procedure for the determination of aflatoxins in food samples and cereals for animal consumption was extensively validated following Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004. Detection limits in wheat bran samples of 0.08 μg kg1 for AFB1, 0.02 μg kg1 for AFB2, 0.16 μg kg1 for AFG1 and 0.04 μg kg1 for AFG2 were attained. The method allows high recovery with mean values ranging from 72 to 94% and it satisfies the necessary requirements for sensitivity, linearity, selectivity, precision and ruggedness, demonstrating the conformity of the method with provisions of Regulation (EC) No. 401/2006.     

Application and improvement of aflatoxin analysis in foods using a multifunctional column and HPLC

In an earlier report, we developed a rapid, sensitive and clean method consisting of non-chloroform extraction, clean-up on a commercial multifunctional cartridge column and HPLC with fluorescence detection for the analyses of aflatoxins. In this report, we applied this method to analyze aflatoxins in nuts, giant corn, cereals, spice and black teas. The method was effective for macadamia nuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, brazil nuts, giant corn, rice, wheat and buckwheat, and the recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 spiked in them at the level of 10 ng/g were 85-106%. However, in the chromatograms of spices and black tea, many background peaks were observed. Therefore, we added a purification step with an affinity column to the clean-up of these samples with the multifunctional cartridge column. After the additional purification, most of the background peaks were gone. The recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2 and G1 spiked at the level of 10 ng/g were 71-112% except for the case of B2 in white pepper (48%). The recoveries of G2 were 49-95%.     

Simple and high-throughput method for the multimycotoxin analysis in cereals and related foods by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid, reliable and sensitive method was developed to determine 12 mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1, fumonisins B1 and B2, ochratoxin A, HT-2 and T-2 toxin and zearalenone) simultaneously in maize, walnuts, biscuits and breakfast cereals. The method is based on a single extraction step using acetonitrile/water mixture (80/20 v/v) followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The selectivity of the MS/MS detection allowed the elimination of further clean up steps. Extraction, chromatographic and detection conditions were optimised in order to increase sample throughput and sensitivity. Matrix-matched calibration was used for quantification and recoveries of the extraction process ranged from 70.0% and 108.4%, with relative standard deviations lower than 25% in all the cases, when samples were fortified at 5 and 50 μg/kg. Limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 2.1 μg/kg and limits of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 6.30 μg/kg, which were always below the tolerance levels of mycotoxins set by European Union in the matrices evaluated. Several samples were analysed and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and T-2 toxin were detected in one maize sample, with concentrations lower than 6.0 μg/kg and deoxynivalenol was detected in a breakfast cereal at 42.1 μg/kg.     

A sensitive analytical method for six aflatoxins in rainbow trout muscle and liver

A highly sensitive analysis method for six aflatoxins (aflatoxin B?, B?, G?, G?, M? and aflatoxicol) in rainbow trout muscle and liver was developed. Aflatoxins (AFs) were extracted with acetonitrile-water (9 : 1), purified on an immunoaffinity column, and subjected to HPLC with fluorescence detection after post-column photochemical derivatization. The recoveries of AFs at 0.05 μg/kg spiking levels were 71.4-82.4% in muscle and 80.1-93.0% in liver, and the repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) were 0.87-4.6% in muscle and 2.0-6.2% in liver. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) and limits of detection(LODs)of AFs were estimated to be 0.004-0.029 μg/kg, and 0.002-0.012 μg/kg, respectively.     

光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法测定 粮谷类样品中黄曲霉毒素

目的建立光化学衍生-高效液相色谱荧光法测定粮谷类样品中的黄曲霉毒素(AFT)含量。方法样品经Romer Labs免疫亲和柱净化,经SW-3光化学柱后衍生,经高效液相色谱分离和荧光检测器测定,分析其中黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2的含量。同时对免疫亲和柱洗脱条件、流动相的洗脱程序进行了优化。结果在0.5~10 ng/mL(AFT B_1,G_1)和0.15~3.0 ng/mL(AFT B_2,G_2)线性范围内,所得回归方程的相关系数均大于0.999。黄曲霉毒素B_1、G_1方法检出限为0.15 ng/g,黄曲霉毒素B_2、G_2方法检出限为0.05 ng/g,加标回收率为89.5%~107%,精密度为1.4%~7.2%。采集粮谷类样品222件,其中有5件样品检出AFT,但均未超过国家限值标准。结论该方法灵敏度和准确度较高,可适用于粮谷类食品中黄曲霉毒素的检测。     

A simple quantitative HPLC method for determination of aflatoxins in cereals and animal feedstuffs using gel permeation chromatography clean-up

A simple and sensitive procedure is described for the analysis of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in cereal and animal feedstuff samples. Aflatoxins are extracted with dichloromethane:water (10:1). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a column packed with Bio-beads S-X3 and dichloromethane:hexane (3:1) as the eluent is used for clean-up of extracts prior to separation and quantification of aflatoxins by HPLC. The eluent fraction containing the aflatoxins is concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure and the aflatoxins separated by reverse phase HPLC on an ODS column. Quantitative results have been obtained at levels down to 1 microgram/kg, and average recoveries from samples of wheat, maize and compound feed spiked at levels of 10 and 40 micrograms/kg were greater than 80%, 70% and 65% respectively.     

高效液相荧光法测定“北京烤鸭”鸭皮中的多环芳烃

采用气体射流冲击加热新技术烤制“北京烤鸭”,对其烤制过程中可能产生的三种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量进行检测,建立一套适合于烤鸭类高脂肪、高蛋白食品中PAHs 的提取与检测的方法。方法：匀浆鸭皮样品前处理采用2mol/L KOH 甲醇- 水(8:2,V/V)皂化,异辛烷萃取,甲醇- 水(1:1,V/V)洗涤,N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺- 水-异辛烷(1:1:1,V/V)反萃取和Florisil 固相萃取小柱净化,最后进行HPLC 分析。结果：标品实验回收率在83.59%～92.97%,当样品加标水平分别为1、2、2μg/kg 时,回收率在73.85%～80.31%,RSD ＜ 10%,三种PAHs 检测量在0.56～3.19μg/kg。结论：该方法净化效果较好,重现性高,检测灵敏度和准确度均满足分析要求,样品中苯并[a]芘的含量远远低于国家规定对烟熏烧烤类食品不能超过5μg/kg 的标准。