建筑结构钢超低周疲劳断裂破坏的损伤预测模型

针对地震作用下建筑结构钢的超低周疲劳断裂问题,在单调加载损伤模型的基础上,提出了一种适用于超低周循环加载情况下的损伤预测模型,并借助ABAQUS软件的用户自定义材料子程序模块,将建立的损伤预测模型引入到有限元分析程序中。然后分别依据建筑钢结构母材、热影响区和焊缝金属缺口试样的单调加载和超低周循环加载试验,标定了材料的损伤模型参数,并对比分析了缺口圆棒试样在不同加载方式下的损伤演化规律,损伤分析结果表明缺口圆棒试样的裂纹都产生于试样截面中心处,这与试验结果一致。最后,以钢框架梁柱焊接节点为研究对象,应用损伤模型分析了节点危险部位的损伤演化规律,数值模拟了节点的超低周疲劳断裂破坏过程,最终得到节点的疲劳寿命与试验结果吻合良好。     

修正GTN模型及其在预测硅钢冷轧边裂中的应用

考虑剪应变对微孔洞损伤演化的影响, 对GTN损伤模型的损伤演化机制进行修正, 建立了适用于不同应力三轴度水平的损伤模型. 结合隐式应力更新算法和显式有限元计算, 采用VUMAT子程序实现了修正GTN模型在有限元软件ABAQUS中的数值计算. 通过模拟纯剪切和剪切-拉伸两组试样的损伤演化和断裂行为, 验证了修正GTN模型在不同应力三轴度承载条件下的有效性. 运用修正GTN损伤模型模拟含边部缺口的带钢在轧制过程中裂纹的萌生和扩展行为, 模拟结果与实验相一致, 表明该模型可有效地用于带钢缺陷在轧制过程中扩展行为的分析和预测. 模拟和实验结果表明, 带钢边部缺口在轧制过程中, 缺口前沿和后沿均会萌生裂纹, 且后沿裂纹扩展更为明显.     

Multiaxial fatigue damage parameter and life prediction for medium-carbon steel based on the critical plane approach

The tension–torsion fatigue characteristics were investigated under proportional and non-proportional loading in this paper. The fatigue cracks on the surface of multiaxial fatigue specimens were observed and analyzed by a scan electron microscope. On the basis of the investigation on the Kindil–Brown–Miller and Fatemi–Socie’s critical plane approaches, a shear strain based multiaxial fatigue damage parameter was proposed by von Mises criterion based on combining the maximum shear strain and the normal strain excursion between adjacent turning points of the maximum shear strain on the critical plane. The proposed multiaxial fatigue damage parameter does not include the weight constants. According to the proposed multiaxial fatigue damage parameter, the multiaxial fatigue life prediction model was established with the Coffin–Manson equation, which is used to predict the multiaxial fatigue life of medium-carbon steel. The results showed that the proposed multiaxial fatigue damage parameter could be used under either multiaxial proportional or non-proportional loading.     

Prediction of fatigue lifetime under multiaxial cyclic loading using finite element analysis

Life prediction for GH4169 superalloy thin tubular and notched specimens were investigated under proportional and nonproportional loading with elastic–plastic finite element analysis (FEA). A strain-controlled tension–torsion loading was carried out by applying the axial and circular displacements on one end of the specimen in the cylindrical coordinate system. Uniaxial cyclic stress–strain data at high temperature were used to describe the multi-linear kinematic hardening of the material. The comparison between FEA and experimental results for thin tubular specimen showed that the built model of FE is reliable. A fatigue damage parameter was proposed to predict the fatigue crack initiation life for notched specimen. The results showed that a good agreement was achieved with experimental data.     

循环载荷下层间界面反平面剪切破坏的解析解:2.再加载及综合响应分析

本研究利用“剪切梁”模型,研究了在定常侧压力和周期性的反平面剪切载荷共同作用下,层间界面的破坏规律。本文为本研究的第二部分。对应一个完整的载荷周期,解析地给出了界面层上剪应力及位移场在再加载过程中的分布规律及演化规律。计算结果表明,由于裂纹前方损伤过程区的存在,当再加载过程不能覆盖卸载过程造成的损伤区时,会产生新的“应力锁死”现象。文末对结构整体的载荷－位移行为的分析,揭示了周期载荷作用下的两种结构响应模式：１）　接触塑性安定;２）　增量破坏。     

循环荷载作用下超高性能混凝土的轴拉力学性能及本构关系模型

对具有不同拉伸应变特性(应变强化和应变软化)的超高性能混凝土(Ultra high performance concrete, UHPC)进行了单调和循环荷载作用下的直接拉伸试验。试验结果表明:应变强化UHPC基体开裂后进入多点微裂纹分布的应变强化段,达到极限抗拉强度后进入单缝开裂的应变软化段;应变软化UHPC基体开裂后直接进入单缝开裂的应变软化段;循环荷载下两种类型UHPC的轴拉应力-应变曲线包络线与单调荷载下的应力-应变曲线基本一致;基于刚度退化过程建立了两种类型UHPC的轴拉损伤演化方程,根据实测应力-应变曲线和试件的裂缝分布形态建立了两种类型UHPC的轴拉本构关系模型,与试验结果基本吻合;采用能量法研究了应变强化UHPC两阶段轴拉本构关系在数值计算时的等效方法。最后,通过无筋应变强化UHPC抗弯试验梁的数值模拟对本文建立的应变强化UHPC轴拉本构关系模型和损伤演化方程及相关假定进行了验证,结果表明本文建立的应变强化UHPC轴拉本构模型能较好地预测UHPC弯拉构件的极限承载力,轴拉损伤变量能在宏观层面上较好地反应试件的裂缝分布状态。      

Analysis of ductile crack growth by means of a cohesive damage model

Ductile crack growth is examined by a simplified damage model, where the damage zone is localized in front of the crack tip. The continuum damage model is implemented into a Dugdale-Barenblatt-type cohesive zone model. The elastic-plastic crack growth problem is solved by the Finite Element Method. A good agreement of the numerical results with experimental and numerical data available in literature is obtained. Preventing the occurrence of a process zone with vanishing width, mesh independent results are obtained for stationary cracks as well as for growing cracks.     

Investigation of mechanical behavior of transverse stitched T-joints with PR520 resin in flexure and tension

An investigation of the mechanical behavior of transverse stitched T-joints using a fiber insertion process and PR520 toughened epoxy resin was undertaken. Experimental and numerical analysis was performed under flexure loading and preliminary experiments were conducted under tensile loading. These conditions were selected as representative of the in-service loads found in the application of this type of joint in industry. Experiments were conducted to determine the modes of failure and ultimate failure strength for each load condition. Flexure specimens were instrumented with strain gages to measure far field strains. Initial and ultimate damage moment is investigated and failure mechanisms are discussed. The results indicate that the flexural specimens fail in part from unsymmetrical loading of the fiber insertions and in part from high stress concentration in the “resin-rich” fillet region. Tensile specimens have symmetric loading of both sets of fiber insertions and initially fail due to matrix cracking at the web-to-flange interface. Both flexure and tension specimens are shown to exhibit additional load-carrying capability beyond initial failure indicating a significant damage tolerance. A linear elastic finite element model was developed for flexural loading and results are compared to experimental data.     

Coupled thermal–mechanical modeling of carbon fibers reinforced polymer composites for damage detection

An analytical solution is derived to describe the correlation between the thermal resistance change and fiber damage evolution in unidirectional composites under loading conditions. A key parameter, thermal characteristic length, is obtained, which represents the sensitivity of the thermal property change to mechanical damage. A coupled thermal–mechanical model is also developed to predict the failure stress, internal fiber breakage and thermal resistance change as a function of applied strain. The results show that the number of fiber breaks is proportional to thermal resistance change during loading while the thermal resistance change increases exponentially with increasing the applied strain. The analytical solution is in good agreement with the numerical results. Finite element models are developed to verify the coupled thermal–mechanical models. The present study shows that longitudinal thermal resistance change is sensitive to damage in a predictable manner and can be used together to improve the reliability of damage assessment during loading of carbon fiber reinforced polymer.     

Numerical Simulations of Inter-laminar Damage Evolution in a Composite Wing Box

In this paper, a numerical study has been carried out on skin delamination and skin-stringer debonding growth in a composite wing-box under compressive loading conditions. The adopted numerical models use the Virtual Crack Closure Technique to simulate the inter-laminar damage evolution and the numerical analyses have been performed by means of the FEM code ABAQUS and B2000++. The obtained numerical results have been assessed and compared each other in terms of delaminated area evolution, delamination growth initiation load and strain distributions. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the adopted numerical platforms in predicting the evolution of inter-laminar damages, comparisons with experimental data, in terms of load displacement curves and strains in the debonding area, have been also introduced.     

Fatigue crack growth simulation in adhesively bonded composite joints

A numerical model has been developed for simulating fatigue crack growth (debonding) in adhesively bonded composite joints subjected to mode‐I, mode‐II, and mixed‐mode I + II loading conditions. The model employs a cohesive zone model described by a modified bilinear traction‐separation law. Fatigue damage in the composite adherends is not considered in the model. To account for crack divergence and reduce sensitivity of numerical results on mesh density, a crack front detection algorithm based on the effective element's length was employed. The model is implemented as a user‐defined subroutine (UMAT) in the commercial FE code LS‐DYNA. The model's input parameters, in the form of a modified Paris law, and the validation data were obtained from experimental tests conducted by the authors. It was found that the model is able to successfully simulate crack growth in the regime of the experimental data.     

变压吸附空分制氧体系轴向流吸附床浓度分布研究

采用二维数值模型对变压吸附空分制氧过程吸附床内的氧气浓度分布进行了研究,同时对吸附相中氧气和氮气浓度也进行了探讨。数值结果直观地显示了吸附床内的浓度场及其分布规律,并据此结果分析了吸附床内浓度演变过程。发现,在首个循环结束时氧气浓度可提纯到70%左右;在循环稳定后,传质区长度约占整个吸附床的35%左右,在传质区前沿存在陡峭的浓度波锋面;边流效应的存在使得浓度锋面呈月牙形分布,并且会使壁面过早地穿透,影响吸附床性能。     

Fatigue crack paths for inclined cracks and surface flaws under biaxial loading

Two approaches are developed for geometrical modeling of crack growth trajectories for the inclined through thickness central cracks and the part-through surface flaw respectively. The principal feature of such modeling is the determination of crack growth direction and the definition of crack length increment in this direction. The damage process zone size concept is employed for calculations of mixed-mode crack growth trajectories and surface flaw shape and positions. Crack front behavior for a straight-fronted edge crack in an elastic bar of circular cross-section is studied through experiments and computations under axial tension loading. The elaborated theoretical model is applied for fatigue crack shape simulation of part-through cracks in a hollow thick- and thin-walled cylinders under different biaxial loading conditions. Suggested approach of crack paths modeling is used for an analysis and prevention of operation failures of existing in-service aircraft gas-turbine engine rotating components.     

基于连续介质损伤力学的复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤模型

基于连续介质损伤力学（CDM）方法,建立了分析复合材料层合板低速冲击问题的三维数值模型。该模型考虑了层内损伤（纤维和基体损伤）、层间分层损伤和剪切非线性行为,采用最大应变失效准则预测纤维损伤的萌生,双线性损伤本构模型表征纤维损伤演化,基于物理失效机制的三维Puck准则判断基体损伤的起始,根据断裂面内等效应变建立混合模式下基体损伤扩展准则。横向基体拉伸强度和面内剪切强度采用基于断裂力学假设的就地强度（in-situ strength）。纤维和基体损伤本构关系中引入单元特征长度,有效降低模型对网格密度的依赖性。层间分层损伤情况由内聚力单元（cohesive element）预测,以二次应力准则为分层损伤的起始准则,B-K准则表征分层损伤演化。分别通过数值分析方法和试验研究方法对复合材料典型铺层层合板四级能量低速冲击下的冲击损伤和冲击响应规律进行分析,数值计算和试验测量的接触力-时间曲线、分层损伤的形状和面积较好吻合,表明该模型能够准确地预测层合板低速冲击损伤和冲击响应。     

Isogeometric analysis of a dynamic thermo-mechanical phase-field model applied to shape memory alloys

This paper focuses on the numerical simulation of martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys (SMAs) using a phase-field model. We developed a dynamic thermo-mechanical model for SMAs, using strain based order parameter, having a bi-directional coupling between structural and thermal physics via strain, strain rate and temperature. The model involves fourth order spatial derivatives representing a domain wall. We propose an isogeometric analysis numerical formulation for straightforward solution to the fourth order differential equations. We present microstructure evolution under different loading conditions and dynamic loading simulations of the evolved microstructures of SMAs of different geometries to illustrate the flexibility, accuracy and stability of our numerical method. The simulation results are in agreement with the numerical and experimental results from the literature.     

Simulation of elevated temperature fatigue damage evolution using the finite element method for near alpha titanium alloy

The numerical estimation of evolving damage under low cycle fatigue loading condition has been performed in the near‐α titanium alloy IMI‐834 at 823 K temperature. By using the experimentally determined parameters as input, numerical simulation of fatigue damage has been performed on round specimens using finite element analysis. Coupled deformation‐damage model has been established for this alloy for simulation of damage evolution in a three‐dimensional cylindrical low cycle fatigue test specimen. The fatigue damage estimates from numerical simulation are observed to be in close agreement with the experimental results.