食用植物提取物--功能性食品添加剂的开发热点

功能性食品和饮料是当今国内外食品工业新的增长点.鉴于近年消费者对食品安全的关注,因而从天然物中提取,特别是从通常食用的植物中提取功能性食品添加剂和配料,也自然成为国内外开发的热点.本文介绍了近年国内外从天然植物中提取功能性食品添加剂的发展动向,以及几种具有开发前景的食用植物提取物绿茶提取物茶多酚、葡萄皮及籽的提取物、大豆异黄酮、番茄红素及植物甾醇的功能和发展动向.     

植物甾醇性质、功能、安全性及其食品的研究进展

植物甾醇是天然安全的活性物质,广泛存在于植物油、坚果、种子和谷物中。主要论述了植物甾醇的结构、性质、降胆固醇作用、抗癌作用、抗氧化作用等生理功能及安全性风险评估,以及植物甾醇功能性食品的研究与开发。     

不饱和脂肪酸植物甾醇酯的合成工艺研究进展

详细介绍了不饱和脂肪酸植物甾醇酯的性质、应用、合成方法及国内外研究进展,为开发不饱和脂肪酸植物甾醇酯功能性食品添加剂提供参考.不饱和脂肪酸植物甾醇酯的合成方法有化学法和酶法.随着生物技术与食品科技的发展,不饱和脂肪酸植物甾醇酯的合成工艺将朝着绿色、低能耗、无污染和高安全性方向发展.     

植物甾醇酯--一种新型的降胆固醇健康食品

植物甾醇是一种新型的降胆固醇健康食品,是国际生命科学学会推荐的十大功能性食品之一.而植物甾醇一般是以甾醇酯的形式应用于食品中.概述了植物甾醇酯的降胆固醇效果、作用机制、性质及应用,以及对它的安全性评价等.     

玉米胚食品加工技术的研究进展

介绍了玉米胚中的多不饱和脂肪酸、胚蛋白、植物甾醇、γ-氨基丁酸等生物活性物质对人体的保健功效。综述了目前我国玉米胚食品加工及利用的现状和存在的问题,提出了我国玉米胚食品研究开发的建议如玉米胚蛋白、油脂、植物甾醇、γ-氨基丁酸等提取及功能性食品研究。     

一种新型功能性食品——植物甾醇酯

植物甾醇是植物油中的一类天然组合,其降血胆固醇效果很早以来就为人所知,植物甾醇酯（PE）是它的酯化产物,具有比植物甾醇更优的脂溶和更佳的降血胆固醇效果。国外较多国家已开发出含PE的功能性食品（特别是人造黄油）,具有很好的市场前景。本文概述了植物甾醇的结构、制备方法、降血胆固醇效果以及其作用机制、国外对它的安全性最新评价等。     

植物甾醇烟酸酯研究与开发

植物甾醇烟酸酯结合植物甾醇和烟酸治疗高血脂特点,具有治疗范围广、疗效显著、应用性能良好等独特优点,可成为一种新的降低血清胆固醇功能性食品添加剂,并有望进一步开发成一种安全的、用于治疗高血脂疾病新型药物,具有广泛用途和良好应用前景。该文还对植物甾醇烟酸酯合成方法进行介绍。     

植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇降胆固醇的功效和安全性

植物甾醇和甾烷醇构成的新型保健食品是国际生命科学学会推荐的十大功能性食品之一。植物甾醇一般是以甾醇酯的形式应用于食品中：含有植物酯化甾醇或甾烷醇的食物能够使血清胆固醇水平降低。对于功能性食品来说，功效与安全是两大重要问题。本文主要概述了植物甾醇和甾烷醇（酯）降胆固醇效果以及它的安全性评价相关研究。     

降低胆固醇功能性食品的市场开发

植物甾醇在体内能竞争性地排斥胆固醇的吸收,降低胆固醇的水平对于预防冠心病起着关键作用。降低胆固醇功能性食品的开发给日趋火热的食品市场带来了先进的功能食品新概念,给食品行业带来了巨大的机会。     

植物甾醇酯产品的制备方法

植物甾醇酯是一类新型的降低血清胆固醇的功能性食品添加剂。在实验研究基础上,对植物甾醇酯的合成方法进行了归纳和总结,探讨了酯化法、酯交换法和脂肪酶催化法等各类方法的原理、工艺条件与应用特点,为植物甾醇酯的应用研究提供参考。     

Formulation of phytosterols in emulsions for increased dose response in functional foods

Phytosterols can significantly reduce cholesterol levels in humans. However, their dose response is strongly formulation dependent. Due to their insolubility in water and poor solubility in oil and their surface activity, the formulation in functional foods of unesterified non-crystalline phytosterols with an expected dose response even higher than the esterified phytosterols commonly applied today proved problematic. Supersaturating phytosterols with a crystallization inhibitor in the oil phase of an o/w emulsion in a special process combines high phytosterol concentrations with the potential of strongly increased dose response. In two formulations, no crystallization was observable in stability investigations over a period of 60 days.Industrial relevanceCompared to actual formulations as phytosterol fatty acid esters in fat-based foods, the method describe here for formulating free, solved and water-dispersible phytosterols allows for their incorporation into almost all kinds of foods as well as beverages. Additionally, the expected to dose–response to phytosterol formulated according to this method is expected to exceed by far that of phytosterol fatty acid esters. Combined with the comparably high concentration in the new, water-dispersible formulations, the method yields the opportunity of producing a wide variety of functional foods with phytosterols highly effective in lowering the risk for cardiovascular diseases.     

Functional foods: An overview

A direct relationship between foods and health has led to various scientific studies to find the significance of foods or food ingredients on specific functions in the body. The term functional food refers to food with specific beneficial functions, is first coined in Japan. The present paper reviews the factors that have driven the functional food development, various definitions proposed by different authors and their classification. It also provides an overview on various functional ingredients in different food sources along with their potential health benefits, state of the art in commodity-based development and research on functional foods, the key factors required for their mass popularity, including some highlights on the increase in the global market share for such products. Mentions have also been made on the fact that framed rules for proving health claims of functional foods by conducting longitudinal studies before launching in the market are still lacking in many countries.     

日本保健功能食品的管理及对我国的启示

目的为了完善我国保健食品法律法规及管理措施,增强保健食品监管的统一性和专业性,促进保健食品行业健康有序的发展。方法本文通过文献研究、专家座谈以及企业调研等方法梳理了日本保健功能食品管理的具体办法。结果通过研究可知日本保健功能食品分为特定保健用食品、功能性标示食品及营养功能食品三个类别,不同类别采用不同的产品审批模式,同时部分原料实现了标准化管理。结论日本保健功能食品的原料根据产品的不同分类进行管理,同时企业承担主体责任的做法对我国保健食品的原料管理有一定的启示。     

益生菌在我国保健食品中的应用进展

由于益生菌类原料在调节肠道菌群和增强免疫力保健功能的研究比较系统,健康功效明确,因此,其在保健食品中应用越来越广泛,而且部分菌株已被国家市场监督管理总局明文规定允许用于婴幼儿食品的开发.随着科学技术的快速发展以及相关研究的不断深入,益生菌类原料具有的其它保健功能不断被发掘,而且作用机理也不断明晰,这为其在保健食品行业的...     

Prophylactic components of buckwheat

Buckwheat has been grown for centuries and now it is one of the most important alternative crops and a valuable raw material for functional food production. Many nutraceutical compounds exist in buckwheat seeds and other tissues. It is a rich source of starch and contains many valuable compounds, such as proteins, antioxidative substances, trace elements and dietary fibre. Buckwheat proteins have unique amino acids composition with special biological activities. Besides high-quality proteins, buckwheat seed contain several components with healing benefits: flavonoids and flavones, phytosterols, fagopyrins and thiamin-binding proteins. The allergenic proteins and their derivatives are also present in the buckwheat seeds. For the food industry, the most attractive trend is development of new functional foods, but production of health benefit products has also perspective. In this review we focus on knowledge of protein composition and the other prophylactic compounds of buckwheat products.     

The development of fruit‐based functional foods targeting the health and wellness market: a review

Functional foods and their health benefits beyond individual nutrients present challenges to the traditional ‘nutrition’ approach to foods. Epidemiological studies suggest that regular or increased consumption of fruits may promote general health and well‐being as well as reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Therefore, a broad range of research amongst academic, industry and government institutes has been stimulated in attempts to add the goodness of fruits into popular consumer foods. This article provides a brief overview of the research opportunities in the emerging functional foods area, with an emphasis on fruit‐derived products. Based on recent research in the fruit‐based functional food area, a structured approach for designing and developing functional finished products is presented. Included are the technical challenges and their associated solutions during food design, formulation, processing and storage. A consumer‐oriented food product development process is highlighted. Controlling the interactions among the targeted bioactives and other food components during food processing, handling and storage is the key to ensure that a stable and appealing functional food is produced. Manipulating the beneficial synergies among food ingredients, and among food formulation and processing methods, has the potential to lead to substantial food innovations.     

红曲霉发酵食品研究现状与分析

红曲霉(Monascus)作为传统的食品发酵剂与着色剂被广泛地应用于食品行业中,具有良好的糖化与酯化功能,其次生代谢产物红曲色素、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)、洛伐他汀等具有较高的经济与功能价值.本文就红曲霉在茶、酒、调味品及肉制品等发酵食品中的应用现状展开综述,基于国内外文献资料调...     

乳酸菌合成共轭亚油酸及其应用研究进展

共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是一种具有多种生理活性的功能性脂肪酸,在食品、保健品中具有广阔的应用前景。然而,天然来源的CLA含量很低,不能满足人类需求。乳酸菌可以合成CLA,且广泛用于食品加工领域,利用乳酸菌开发富含CLA的功能食品是当今的研究热点。为推动CLA功能食品的研究开发,该文对合成共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的研究进展、合成共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的益生性研究以及将产CLA乳酸菌应用到食品和饲料中的研究现状进行综述,并对利用乳酸菌合成CLA进而应用于功能食品进行展望。     

降血糖食品的研究进展

糖尿病是当今威胁人类生命健康的主要慢性疾病之一。市面上常见的降血糖药物往往有不同程度的副作用,寻找天然、低毒副作用的降血糖食品显得尤为重要。该文重点介绍常见的降血糖食品原料（包括桑叶、白芸豆、葛根、苦瓜和苦荞等）及主要降血糖功能性成分物质,并综述了近几年来对这些功能性成分降血糖机理的研究进展,总结了降血糖食品原料在发酵食品及低血糖指数（GI）食品开发中的应用情况,以期为我国降血糖食品的开发提供理论基础。     

Phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods: Occurrence,exposure, and biological effects

Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary intake of phytosterols/phytostanols and their fatty acid esters results in a reduction of the LDL and total plasma cholesterol levels. Therefore, these constituents are added to a broad spectrum of foods. As in the case of cholesterol, thermo‐oxidative treatment of phytosterols may result in the formation of phytosterol oxidation products (POPs), i.e. keto‐, hydroxy‐, and epoxy‐derivatives. This review summarizes and evaluates the current knowledge regarding POPs in the light of the potentially increasing dietary exposure to these constituents via the consumption of foods enriched with phytosterols/phytostanols and their esters. Data on the occurrence of POPs and approaches to assess the potential intake of POPs resulting from the consumption of enriched foods are described. The knowledge on the uptake of POPs and the presently available data on the impact of the consumption of enriched foods on the levels of POPs in humans are discussed. Biological effects of POPs, such as potential proatherogenic properties or the loss of the cholesterol‐lowering effects compared to nonoxidized phytosterols, are discussed. Finally, knowledge gaps are outlined and recommendations for further research needed for a safety assessment of POPs are presented.