PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡复合材料的制备和性能

通过微发泡注射成型方法制备PP/EPDM(三元乙丙橡胶)/滑石粉复合材料制品,并研究滑石粉的含量对PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡复合材料的微观形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加适量滑石粉的PP/EPDM/滑石粉复合材料的发泡效果优于仅添加单一的EPDM的PP/EPDM复合材料的发泡效果,而且当PP/EPDM/滑石粉的质量比为79/21/4时,微孔制品的微观形态最好;且此比例的PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡制品与未添加滑石粉的PP/EPDM微孔发泡复合材料制品相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别提高了2%、6%、4%。     

云母粉对注塑发泡PP/EPDM共混物泡孔结构和力学性能的改善

采用注塑发泡方法制备了质量比为75/25的聚丙烯/三元乙丙橡胶(PP/EPDM)共混物和质量比为75/25/7.5的PP/EPDM/云母粉复合材料制品,分析了两种制品泡孔结构和结晶性能的差异及其对制品力学性能的影响。结果表明:与共混物发泡制品相比,复合材料发泡制品的拉伸屈服强度、拉伸断裂强度、断裂伸长率和无缺口冲击强度分别提高约5%、48%、206%和22%,并呈现应变硬化现象。复合材料发泡制品的泡孔直径明显较小且分布较均匀,泡孔密度明显较大,结晶度较高,这些是使复合材料发泡制品具有较高力学性能的主要原因。     

微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能研究

采用化学发泡注塑成型的方法制备了微发泡聚丙烯/玻璃纤维(PP/GF)复合材料;结合成核理论和玻纤增强机理,研究了发泡质量对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:在PP/GF复合材料中添加5.0%纳米SiO2后,纳米SiO2对PP与GF的相容性并无太大影响,微孔发泡PP/GF复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度得到较大提高。     

GF增强母粒对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响

采用熔融共混挤出的方法制备了A、B两种玻璃纤维(GF)增强母粒。将两种母粒与自制发泡母粒、助剂母粒按一定比例混合,在二次开模条件下制备了PP/GF复合微发泡材料,研究了两种GF增强母粒对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能的影响,同时还探讨了结晶行为对微发泡复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:A母粒制备的微发泡PP/GF复合材料性能优于B母粒,在GF含量为30%时,A母粒制备的微发泡复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为55.72 MPa、7.58 kJ/m2,与B母粒制备的发泡PP/GF复合材料比较,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了9.97 MPa、1.1 kJ/m2。     

冷却速率对PP/GF微发泡复合材料发泡行为及力学性能的影响

采用化学发泡法注塑成型工艺制备了聚丙烯/玻纤(PP/GF)复合发泡材料,研究了冷却速率对其发泡行为和力学性能的影响,并通过流变测试分析了复合材料不同冷却速率下的黏弹性变化规律。结果表明,冷却速率提高,复合材料的黏弹响应越明显,从而改善了PP/GF复合材料的发泡行为。当冷却速率为6.6℃/s时,PP/GF复合材料的发泡效果最好,泡孔平均直径为29.54μm,泡孔密度为1.01×10~7个/cm~3;此时材料的力学性能最优,拉伸和冲击强度最大,分别为39.8 MPa和5.52 k J/m~2。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

研究了玻纤(GF)、SEBS和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)用量对GF增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响,以及PP/GF(65/35)、PP-g-MAH/PP/GF(15/65/35)的微观形态。结果表明:随着GF用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量增加,断裂伸长率降低,冲击强度先减小后增大,PP/GF复合材料断面呈脆性断裂;在PP/GF中添加增韧剂SEBS可以提高复合材料的冲击强度,但拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均减小;在PP/GF中添加增容剂PP-g-MAH,可使其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均得到提高,当PP-g-MAH/PP/GF为15/65/35时,复合材料性能优异,材料断面呈韧性断裂。     

GF对微发泡PP/GF复合材料力学性能影响

将经过改性的玻璃纤维(GF)以不同的含量加入到聚丙烯(PP)中,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡PP/GF复合材料,分析了不同含量GF对微发泡PP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,GF具有明显的填充增强作用,当GF质量分数为20%时,微发泡PP复合材料的拉伸强度达到50.24 MPa,比未发泡纯PP的提高了59.5%;微发泡材料的冲击强度为7.37kJ/m2,发泡后材料的冲击强度与纯PP的相比提高了93.9%;发泡后材料密度相对于未发泡的显著下降。     

微发泡PP/Nano-SiO_2复合材料泡孔结构与力学性能研究

采用化学注塑发泡法制备了微发泡聚丙烯/纳米二氧化硅(PP/nano-SiO2)复合材料,研究了发泡量对微发泡PP/nano-SiO2复合材料泡孔结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:发泡量对微发泡PP/nano-SiO2复合材料的泡孔结构具有很大影响。随着发泡量的增加,微发泡材料逐渐呈现欠发泡、均衡发泡、过发泡状态,而且微发泡材料的拉伸强度逐渐降低,冲击强度则先增加后减小,并在发泡量为8%时达到最大值(5.398 kJ/m2)。另外通过非线性回归分析法对微发泡PP/nano-SiO2复合材料力学性能与相对密度之间的关系进行了预测,并获得了与其他相关研究一致的结论。     

PP/Nano-CaCO3/EPDM复合材料性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备出了聚丙烯(PP)/纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)/三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)复合材料。分别研究了nano-CaCO3和EPDM的加入量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着nano-CaCO3用量的增加,复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,弯曲模量呈增加趋势;随着EPDM用量的增加,复合材料的冲击强度呈增加趋势,拉伸强度和弯曲模量均呈下降趋势。     

模具温度对PP/SiO2发泡行为的影响

采用化学发泡法制备出聚丙烯/纳米二氧化硅(PP/nano-SiO2)微发泡复合材料,探讨了不同模具温度对PP/nano-SiO2发泡行为的影响。结果表明:模具温度对PP/nano-SiO2发泡材料发泡行为的影响主要体现在2个方面:一方面,影响PP/nano-SiO2复合发泡材料的泡孔结构参数,随模具温度升高,熔胶散热越慢,泡孔的直径越大,泡孔密度越小,分散状态越不稳定;另一方面,影响PP/nano-SiO2发泡材料制品内部区域面积,及随模具温度升高,发泡面积越大。发泡材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度随模具温度的升高明显下降。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.