对位芳纶表面改性的最新研究进展

介绍了聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维(又称对位芳纶)的表面改性技术及其研究进展。对位芳纶的表面改性方法分为物理改性和化学改性,其中,化学改性包括表面刻蚀、表面接枝、共聚改性等方法,物理改性包括等离子体处理、表面涂层、γ射线辐射、超声浸渍处理、紫外辐照等方法。指出了对位芳纶表面改性的未来发展方向是实现无损改性和工业化在线处理。     

活性秸杆炭素吸附-化学氧化法在印染废水处理中的应用研究

介绍了硫酸活化秸杆炭黑制备活性秸杆炭素与化学氧化法结合处理印染废水的反应机理及处理效果。实验结果表明,用该法制备的活性炭素可使印染废水的脱色率达到1000k,。活性炭素吸附一化学氧化法可使原水的CODCr从1632mg/L降至32mg／L,CODCr的去除率达到98％。该法具有成本低、操作简便、处理效果好的优点。     

塑料表面的改性

本文综述了塑料表面改性的设计思想和机械方法、热处理、紫外线处理、放电/等离子体处理、化学处理、化学渗入及加入添加剂等各种表面改性方法,并对塑料表面性能的影响因素进行了讨论。     

用于增强聚合物的植物纤维表面改性方法研究进展

从物理改性、化学改性和生物处理等方面综述了近几年用于增强聚合物的植物纤维表面改性方法研究进展,并比较了不同改性方法的优缺点,最后对植物纤维表面改性方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

纤维素改性研究进展

综述了近年来纤维素改性的进展情况。纤维素预处理往往是纤维素改性的第一步,包括物理化学等方法。纤维素改性物主要包括纤维素酯类、醚类及接枝共聚物,介绍了近年来其化学改性的方法进展。纤维素的生物改性主要应用于造纸行业,利用纤维素酶、半纤维素酶等处理纸浆。细菌纤维素的改性方法包括细菌发酵时的生物改性及纤维素提纯之后的化学改性。最后展望了纤维素改性的应用前景。     

聚四氟乙烯表面亲水改性研究进展

综述了国内外聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)表面亲水改性的研究进展,主要介绍了湿化学处理、低温等离子、辐射接枝、激光处理等方法在PTFE表面改性方面的应用情况,简要叙述了各改性方法的优缺点,并对PTFE表面改性的发展前景进行了展望.     

天然高分子材料的开发及应用

天然高分子材料经过改性可加工成为人类急需的可生物降解的人工高分子材料，南京化工大学利用农作物秸杆经蒸爆处理制备无胶复合板技术已经开发成功，应用前景良好。     

植物(秸杆)纤维助膨化改性技术研究与应用进展

概述了植物(秸杆)纤维助膨化改性的研究状况,以及几种目前最有发展潜力的应用开发技术,简要介绍了植物(秸杆)纤维助膨化技术在相关领域中的最新应用进展。     

聚四氟乙烯表面化学改性研究进展

针对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)表面的难粘接性,与其它材料的不相容性,综述了PTFE表面化学改性的几种常用方法(分别为等离子体处理法、辐射处理法、化学溶液处理法和核壳结构材料改性法)及其改性工艺,简要叙述了各种改性方法的优势与不足,最后介绍了各种表面化学改性方法的使用范围与应用前景。     

利用物理-化学改性方法提高胶版印刷橡胶布硫化胶的使用性能

介绍了利用物理-化学改性技术（辐射、试剂处理等）改性胶版印刷用硫化胶的使用性能的方法。     

Oil Spill Cleanup from Sea Water by Sorbent Materials

Three sorbents were compared in order to determine their potential for oil spill cleanup. Polypropylene nonwoven web, rice hull, and bagasse with two different particle sizes were evaluated in terms of oil sorption capacities and oil recovery efficiencies. Polypropylene can sorb almost 7 to 9 times its weight from different oils. Bagasse, 18 to 45 mesh size, follows polypropylene as the second sorbent in oil spill cleanup. Bagasse, 14 to 18 mesh size, and rice hull have comparable oil sorption capacities, which are lower than those of the two former sorbents. It was found that oil viscosity plays an important role in oil sorption by sorbents. All adsorbents used in this work could remove the oil from the surface of the water preferentially.     

Hydrophobic Cross-Linked Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Sorbents for Oil Spill Applications

With the increase of industrialization and urbanization, humankind faces massive oil-based pollution due to tanker accidents, human error, and natural disasters. For this, hydrophobic sorbents are fabricated and their applications for the removal of oil from polluted water sources are investigated. These hydrophobic sorbents are prepared by the condensation reaction of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and tris[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]isocyanurate cross-linker via bulk polymerization. The obtained sorbents exhibit high oil sorption capacity, fast absorption–desorption kinetics, and great reusability. Moreover, they can selectively absorb oil from the water surface, thus making them practical for water clean-up applications.     

Microbial uptake of diesel oil sorbed on soil and oil spill clean‐up sorbents

Sorbent effects in the microbial uptake of diesel oil were determined for black cotton soil (BCS) and two oil spill clean‐up sorbents, ie peat sorb and spill sorb. Biodegradation studies were conducted in mass transfer limited batch slurry microcosms using microorganisms capable of direct interfacial uptake of diesel oil. Under identical loading conditions, the amounts of diesel oil initially loaded on the various sorbents were 178, 288 and 649 mg g^?1 for BCS, spill sorb and peat sorb, respectively. Total biodegradation of sorbed diesel was comparable for all the sorbents (45–52 mg), however, the biodegradation rates were significantly different. Peat sorb demonstrated a distinct initial lag phase, the biodegradation rate in spill sorb was initially slower, whereas biodegradation at a high rate commenced immediately for BCS. The maximum biodegradation rates observed for BCS, spill sorb and peat sorb microcosms were 7.9, 5, and 2.9 mg day^?1, respectively. Thus, the maximum biodegradation rate increased as the diesel oil loading decreased. Our results indicate that spill clean‐up sorbents have greater bioavailability limitations compared with soils and this is linked with their significantly higher loading capacity and internal porosity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Spilled‐Oil Sorbents Prepared by Recycling of Eutrophicated Aquatic Plants

Recycling of four eutrophicated aquatic plants including Eichhornia crassipes, Herba Lysimachiae, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and Potamogeton crispus as spilled‐oil sorbents was investigated. The rough and hydrophobic structures of aquatic plants were observed by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The four plants exhibited superior oil sorption capacities, especially the stalk of Eichhornia crassipes. Such high oil sorption was ascribed to their high capillarity and hydrophobic surface. The aquatic plants absorbed oil to reach adsorption saturation within one minute. The oil sorption capacity was significantly affected by particle size, but was hardly influenced by temperature. The results demonstrated that the aquatic plants could be applied as low‐cost and environment‐friendly spilled‐oil sorbents.     

Open‐cell polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blend foams fabricated for reusable oil‐sorption materials

The fabrication of high‐performance oil sorbents is of great significance for oil spill cleanup. The main objective of this study was to prepare open‐cell polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer (PP/POE) blend foams for fabrication of reusable sorbents for oil sorption. Open‐cell PP/POE blend foams were prepared via continuous‐extrusion foaming using supercritical carbon dioxide as the blowing agent. The interconnected open‐cell structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of PP/POE open‐cell foams were revealed by tests of contact‐angle measurement, water and cyclohexane sorption on the foam surface, CCl₄ and cyclohexane sorption in water, and oil/water separation. Further, the sorption tests indicated that PP/POE blend foams showed larger oil‐uptake capacities than pure PP foams. In addition, cyclic compression tests showed that PP/POE open‐cell foams had excellent ductility and significantly improved recoverability compared to pure PP foams. In cyclic sorption–desorption tests, the sorption kinetics was studied in terms of capacity and saturation time, showing that PP/POE foams kept larger sorption capacities for 10 cycles, with larger sorption rates and good reusability. Based on the high open‐cell content, the good hydrophobic and oleophilic properties, the high oil‐sorption capacity, the improved recoverability, the large sorption rate, and the good reusability in cyclic oil‐sorption performance, the PP/POE open‐cell foams have shown promise as potential oil sorbents in applications for oil spill cleanup. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43812.     

加拿大一枝黄花纤维素合成吸油材料的工艺条件与吸附性能

以加拿大一枝黄花纤维为基材,采用悬浮聚合接枝共聚法制备吸油材料。考察了引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)用量、交联剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)用量和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与甲基丙烯酸正丁酯(BMA)单体质量比对该产物吸油性能的影响,并通过红外光谱(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)考察了加拿大一枝黄花接枝前后的性质。结果表明:产物表面附有聚合物,且原材料中的C=O键断裂,产生醚键。这说明加拿大一枝黄花表面已接枝甲基丙烯酸酯。在单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯与甲基丙烯酸正丁酯的质量比为0.75,引发剂BPO质量分数为0.7%和交联剂CTAB质量分数为1.2%的条件下制备吸油材料,其吸附葵花籽废油的性能较好,吸油倍率为21.036 g/g,且重复吸油性能较好。     

Oil sorption behaviors of porous polydimethylsiloxane modified collagen fiber matrix

A facial and cost‐effective synthesis method of converting the leather protein solid wastes into a value‐added collagen matrix oil sorbent is successfully established for the first time. Hide powder fiber (HPF) was firstly prepared by using the pre‐tanned fleshing wastes from the leather industry, and then cross‐linked with epoxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to produce hydrophobic collagen fiber, which was verified by the FT‐IR spectrum and contact angle analysis. Subsequently, a series of porous PDMS modified collagen‐based sorbents with roughness surface was successfully fabricated by solvent‐ and freeze‐drying methods respectively. The oil sorption capacity, sorption saturated time and retention capacity of the prepared sorbents was investigated. Combined with the SEM images, liquid displacement method and contact angle analysis, the results revealed that oil sorption capacities of the sorbent with lower pore size, higher porosity and rougher surface for silicone oil, motor oil and vegetable oil were approximate to 13.60, 12.50, and 11.92 g/g, respectively. Additionally, the sorption of oils is a quasi‐instantaneous process and also showed excellent oil retention capacity. It exhibited acceptable oil sorption performances as compared to commercial biomass sorbents. These findings indicated its potential as an eco‐friendly oil sorbent material. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42727.     

Synthesis and performance of different polyurethane foams as oil sorbents

Oil sorption (g g^?1) through different polyurethane foams has been investigated in this study. Polyurethane foams were synthesized with different additives: glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, and 1‐dodecanol. All foams were applied as sorbents of diesel, motor oil, gasoline, kerosene, and crude oil. The foams were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, compressive resistance at 10% deformation and the elastic modulus, scanning electron microscopy, and apparent density. The best performance of oil sorption was achieved with PUF‐3, which has the greatest amount of the chain extender polyethylene glycol 400 and lowest density of all the evaluated foams. The sorption capacities (g g^?1) of PUF‐3 were 16.8 (diesel), 15.7 (gasoline), 20.7 (oil motor), 25.4 (kerosene), and 29.8 (crude oil) and 100% removal of diesel from water was achieved, approximately. The foams with chain extenders and lower density values performed better as oil sorbents. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45409.     

Extraction of wheatgerm: The production of wheatgerm oil and de‐fatted stabilised wheatgerm

Wheatgerm is one of the main by‐products of the wheat milling industry, and is generally used for animal feed or oil production. With wheatgerm containing anywhere up to 14% oil, extraction of this oil via pressing and solvent extraction has had some success. The resulting oil is rich in the essential omega‐6 fatty acids and vitamin E, thus making it a speciality oil. The resulting stabilised de‐fatted wheatgerm has an increased protein content enabling it to be a very viable ingredient within the bakery and cereal industry.     

Effective sorbing polymer materials for collecting oil and oil products

Effective sorbents based on nonwoven polymer materials have been synthesized for cleaning up oil and oil products spills from the water surface. The influence of structural characteristics of materials (a width of fabrics, a fiber diameter, a density of fiber packing in fabric) on their sorption capacity has been revealed. It has been shown that the materials based on polypropylene and polyether fibers exhibited the high sorption capacities in respect to oil and oil products.