等径角挤压对大尺寸纯铝棒材力学性能的影响

采用等径角挤压(ECAP)技术挤压大尺寸工业纯铝棒材,探讨了挤压次数对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,随挤压次数的增加,纯铝棒的抗拉强度、屈服强度得到显著提高,6道次左右达到饱和,与未挤压的棒材相比,其抗拉强度提高185%,屈服强度提高138%;伸长率经1道次挤压后大幅度下降,由28.8%下降至8.8%,此后伸长率基本保持稳定。硬度也随挤压次数的增加而增加,在4道次达到饱和。     

ECAP纯铝L2的力学性能及微观组织研究

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)是一种超细晶制备技术,可细化合金组织,改善材料性能.本文研究发现,ECAP纯铝L2,抗拉强度随挤压次数的增加而增加,8道次左右达到饱和.伸长率经1次挤压后大幅度下降,由40%下降至15%,4或5道次时伸长率有所增加.硬度随挤压次数的增加而增加,在3～4道次达到饱和.纯铝L2原始晶粒大小为1 mm的近等轴状晶,ECAP后,随挤压道次的增加,向细小等轴晶转变.至8道次后,晶粒大小约为1 μm.     

6063铝合金连续挤压组织性能的研究

在LLJ350双槽连续挤压机上对6063铝合金进行连续挤压实验,并对挤出产品进行不同的工艺处理,对比观察其显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:6063铝合金型材经连续挤压后进行水冷+人工时效后的抗拉强度为249 MPa,硬度78 HB,伸长率为12.6％;水冷+人工时效较空冷+自然时效后的抗拉强度提高74.1％,硬度提高50％,塑性降低49.6％;水冷后人工时效较自然时效的产品强度提高51.8％,硬度升高34.5％,塑性降低41.9％.6063铝合金连续挤压后水冷比空冷的晶粒细小均匀.     

EOAP纯铝L2的力学性能及微观组织研究

等通道转角挤压（ECAP）是一种超细晶制备技术．可细化合金组织,改善材料性能。本文研究发现．ECAP纯铝L2,抗拉强度随挤压次数的增加而增加．8道次左右达到饱和。伸长率经1次挤压后大幅度下降,由40%下降至15%,4或5道次时仲长率有所增加。硬度随挤压次数的增加而增加．在3～4道次达到饱和。纯铝L2原始晶粒大小为1mm的近等轴状晶,ECAP后．随挤压道次的增加,向细小等轴晶转变．至8道次后．晶粒大小约为1μm。     

工艺参数和热处理对挤压铸造AZ91D力学性能的影响

通过试验研究了工艺参数和热处理对挤压铸造AZ91D合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:合理的工艺参数使AZ91D合金在普通冷室压铸机条件下可以获得良好的力学性能。且经固溶处理后其抗拉强度、硬度和伸长率都会提高,而经固溶时效处理后抗拉强度和硬度会进一步提高,但伸长率有所下降。     

热处理对挤压镁合金AZ91和ZK60组织与性能的影响

通过力学性能测定以及金相显微组织观察,对挤压态AZ91和ZK60镁合金的热处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明,AZ91合金固溶态与挤压态相比抗拉强度变化不大,但伸长率有较大幅度的提高;时效硬度峰值时的抗拉强度与固溶态相比有一定的提高,但伸长率有较大幅度的降低。ZK60合金固溶态与挤压态相比抗拉强度和伸长率均有相当程度地降低,且时效硬度峰值时的抗拉强度与同溶态相比有一定的提高,伸长率也有较大幅度的降低。AZ91合金固溶处理后晶粒尺寸与挤压态相比有所增大,但ZK60合金固溶处理后晶粒尺寸显著粗化。同时,两种合金固溶时效处理后伴有强化相粒子析出。     

往复挤压AM60B镁合金的组织与力学性能

通过往复挤压（CEC）变形来细化AM60B镁合金的组织。结构表明：随着CEC道次的增加,组织得到明显细化。当材料达到临界最小晶粒尺寸时,进一步挤压变形也很难使组织得到明显的细化。细小的组织具有优异的力学性能,合金的硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别由铸态的62．3、64MPa、201MPa和11％上升N-道次变形后的72．2、183．7MPa、286．3MPa和14．0％。但是再进一步挤压变形材料的力学性能增加幅度不明显,经四道次挤压变形后其硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为73．5、196MPa、297MPa和16％     

挤压铸造Si合金化ZA43合金的组织及性能

挤压铸造可细化Ｓｉ合金化ＺＡ４３合金的铸态组织、大幅度提高其力学性能。其中：抗拉强度值提高５０ＭＰａ以上，伸长率提高至４％以上，合金的耐磨性亦有提高。     

退火处理对ECAP纯铝L2的影响

采用等通道转角(ECAP)挤压工艺,对原始晶粒为1 mm的工业纯铝L2进行4次挤压,得到了晶粒尺寸为1 μm的近等轴晶组织,然后进行不同温度下的退火处理.研究结果表明,经150℃/2 h退火处理后,硬度基本不变化,与退火前相比,试样的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了9%和18%.当退火温度高于200℃时,组织中出现了回复,试样硬度下降.退火温度越高,硬度下降幅度越大.     

挤压工艺对喷射成形6061铝合金组织与性能的影响

在2 000 kN四柱液压机上对铸态、喷射态6061铝合金进行挤压处理,研究了挤压温度、挤压比对喷射态合金微观组织及力学性能的影响,分析了挤压态合金的断裂机理,并对比了铸态、喷射态合金挤压后的力学性能.结果表明,当挤压比为6.25时,随着挤压温度的升高,合金试样发生再结晶的晶粒数量增加,到250 ℃时形成均匀细小的等轴晶组织;合金的硬度和抗拉强度随挤压温度的升高而降低;但伸长率却随挤压温度的升高而升高.当挤压温度为250 ℃时,合金晶粒尺寸随挤压比的增大而减小;伸长率和抗拉强度随挤压比的增大而升高;而硬度受挤压比变化的影响则不大.挤压态合金的断裂机理为微孔聚集断裂."喷射+挤压"态合金的抗拉强度和伸长率都比"铸造+挤压"态合金的高.     

等通道转角挤压Mg-3.52Sn-3.32Al合金的组织与力学性能

采用等通道转角挤压（ECAP）Bc路径对固溶态Mg-3.52Sn-3.32Al合金分别挤压1、4和8道次。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析合金的组织和相组成,并测试了其室温拉伸力学性能。结果表明,经ECAP挤压后,固溶态合金组织中析出大量细小的Mg2Sn相和极少量的Mg17Al12相。随挤压道次增加,合金的综合力学性能先提高后降低。经4道次挤压后,合金的综合拉伸力学性能相对较佳,抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度分别达到250 MPa、20.5%和61.3 HV9.8,较未ECAP时分别提高43.7%、105%和26.9%。经ECAP挤压的合金室温拉伸断口均呈韧性断裂。等通道转角挤压Mg-3.52Sn-3.32Al合金的力学性能受晶粒尺寸、析出相以及组织织构的共同影响。     

等通道转角挤压Al-Mg2Si合金的组织与性能研究

研究Al-Mg2Si合金经250℃等通道转角挤压后的微观组织与力学性能。维氏硬度及拉伸力学性能测试结果表明:经4道次ECAP挤压后,Al-Mg2Si合金的硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率均显著提高;8道次挤压后合金的塑性进一步提高,但其硬度和抗拉强度却有所下降。扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析表明:经ECAP挤压后,原汉字状或骨骼状Mg2Si相显著碎化,且挤压道次越多,Mg2Si相的破碎效果越明显,合金组织也不断细化。对合金经较多道次挤压后硬度及抗拉强度反而有所下降的原因进行了分析。     

二次挤压对挤压和ECAP变形后ZK60镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

测试四种状态下ZK60合金的显微组织和力学性能,四种状态分别为：挤压;挤压＋4道次ECAP;挤压＋4道次ECAP＋二次挤压;挤压＋4道次ECAP＋退火＋二次挤压。在室温下成功地进行ZK60的二次挤压,得到超细晶组织。结果表明：ECAP和二次挤压可以显著细化晶粒。挤压＋4道次ECAP＋二次挤压后的ZK60合金的屈服强度为342MPa,但是其伸长率只有0.8%。在二次挤压之前进行退火,ZK60合金的伸长率可以提高到4.5%,而屈服强度基本不变,抗拉强度达到 388 MPa。     

Static mechanical properties and ductility of biomedical ultrafine-grained commercially pure titanium produced by ECAP process

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the most effective processes to produce ultra-fine grain (UFG) and nanocrystalline (NC) materials. Because the commercially pure titanium exhibits excellent biocompatibility properties, it has a significant potential to be utilized as an implant material. The low static and dynamic strengths of the pure titanium are one of the weaknesses of this material. This defect can be removed by applying the ECAP process on the pure titanium. In this work, the commercially pure titanium Grade 2 (CP-Ti of Grade 2) was pressed at room temperature by the ECAP process via a channel angle of 135° for 3 passes. The microstructural analysis and mechanical tests such as tensile test, hardness test, three-point bending test and Charpy impact test were all carried out on the ECAPed CP-Ti through 3 passes. The microstructural evolution reveals that by applying the ECAP process, coarse grain (CG) structure develops to UFG/NC structure. Moreover, the results of the mechanical tests show that the process significantly increases the yield and ultimate tensile strengths, bending strength, hardness and fracture toughness of the commercially pure titanium so that it can be used as a replacement for metallic alloys used as biomaterials.     

等通道转角挤压制备超细晶Mg15Al双相合金组织与性能

对高铝双相合金Mg15Al在553K以Bc路线进行了不同道次的等通道挤压(ECAP),获得了超细晶高铝镁合金。通过OM,SEM,TEM分析了ECAP前后合金的微观组织结构及断口形貌,并测试了不同挤压道次后合金的硬度和室温拉伸性能,分析了ECAP细化晶粒机理及其性能改善原因。结果表明,随挤压道次增加,累计形变增强,网状硬脆相β-Mg17Al12破碎,合金晶粒显著细化,但对单相区和两相混合区细化效果不同。在α、β两相共存区内,4道次ECAP后形成100nm～200nm的细晶粒;在α单相区,4道次ECAP后晶粒为1μm以下,且在初晶α-Mg内析出弥散细小的β相,起到细晶强化和弥散强化作用。8道次ECAP后,晶粒略有长大。ECAP使合金的硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率同时得到提高,尤其是4道次ECAP后,硬度提高了32.04%,抗拉强度σb从150MPa提高到269.3MPa,延伸率δ由0.05%提高到7.4%;8道次ECAP后,硬度、抗拉强度略有下降,延伸率略有上升。SEM断口观察显示ECAP使合金拉伸断口形貌由铸态的解理断裂特征转变为延性韧窝断裂特征。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Mg97Y2Zn1 alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

The Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been investigated. It was found that the blocks of secondary phase were broken into uniform distributed sections after ECAP. The Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy processed by ECAP obtained ultrafine grains and exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The average grain size of about 330 nm, yield strength (YS) of 400.3 MPa and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 450.0 MPa were obtained by two-step ECAP of 4 passes at 623 K and 2 passes at 603 K. The long-period stacking (LPS) structures contribute to the formation of ultrafine grains in ECAP processed Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy. The results demonstrate that ECAP instead of rapid solidified powder metallurgy (RS/PM) can refine grain size and enhance the strength of Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy. It was also found that the elongation of alloy is decreased with increasing pass number. It was found that cracks were preferentially initiated and propagated in the interior of X-phase during the process of ECAP.     

A Comparison Between ECAP and Conventional Extrusion for Consolidation of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite

In this study, two powder consolidation techniques, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and extrusion, were utilized to consolidate attritioned aluminum powder and Al-5?vol.% nano-Al₂O₃ composite powder. The effect of ECAP and extrusion on consolidation behavior of composite powder and mechanical properties of subsequent compacts are presented. It is found that three passes of ECAP in tube at 200?°C is capable of consolidating the composite to 99.29% of its theoretical density whereas after hot extrusion of the composite the density reached to 98.5% of its theoretical density. Moreover, extrusion needs higher temperature and pressing load in comparison to the ECAP method. Hardness measurements show 1.7 and 1.2 times higher microhardness for the consolidated composite and pure aluminum after ECAP comparing with the extruded ones, respectively. Microstructural investigations and compression tests demonstrate stronger bonds between the particles after three passes of ECAP than the extrusion. Furthermore, the samples after three passes of ECAP show better wear resistance than the extruded ones.     

Continuous high strength aluminum bolt manufacturing by the spring-loaded ECAP system

Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 was used to produce an ultrafine-grained specimen by spring-loaded equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), which was continuously applied to a commercial multi-stage former at a production rate of 30 rpm at room temperature to manufacture high strength aluminum bolts. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the manufactured bolt, the bolt-forming process was introduced based on extrusion process in the present work. With the specimens processed by a single pass ECAP, underfilling at the bolt head and surface cracking at the flange of the produced bolts were observed due to the geometry of the ECAPed specimen and friction at the die interface, respectively. To remove these defects, modified route C for the second pass ECAP and aluminum fluoride coating with metal soap for the initial specimen were applied. Finally, the ultrafine-grained aluminum bolts were successfully manufactured in a continuous sequence. Both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation to fracture of the manufactured bolts increased compared to the conventionally made bolts. According to the present investigation, an innovative approach utilizing the ECAP to develop high strength bolts without modifying conventional material is demonstrated.     

等通道转角挤压Al-10Mg-4Si合金的组织与性能研究

在250℃下以Bc路径对Al-10Mg-4Si合金进行4道次和8道次的等通道转角挤压,以求达到改善合金组织和提高合金力学性能的目的.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对挤压前后的微观组织分析表明:铸态合金基体晶粒比较粗大,第二相Mg_2Si以粗大的汉字状或骨骼状分布于基体晶界处;经ECAP挤压后,基体晶粒得到细化,原粗大的汉字状Mg_2Si被碎化为短棒状或多边形状颗粒,并呈一定的弥散分布.室温拉伸测试结果表明:ECAP4道次挤压后,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率由铸态的166MPa、1.64%提高为322MPa、21.7%;ECAP8道次挤压后,合金的伸长率继续提高为24.7%.但抗拉强度下降到293MPa.