层次粒结构下粗糙模糊集的不确定性度量

众所周知,经典粗糙集的不确定性来自于边界域,但是对于粗糙模糊集来说,其正域和负域中的元素存在不确定性,从而导致粗糙模糊集的不确定性不仅来自于边界域,还来自于正域和负域。另外,在粗糙模糊集中,一个模糊概念可以通过层次粒结构中不同的粗糙近似空间进行刻画,随着粒度的变化,模糊概念的不确定性的变化规律如何？对此,文中提出一种基于模糊度的不确定性度量公式,并基于均值模糊集分析了粗糙模糊集模型,得出粗糙模糊集不确定性度量的模型同样适合于度量概率粗糙集的不确定性的结论。其次,采用基于模糊度的不确定性度量方法,揭示了分层递阶的多粒度空间下粗糙模糊集不确定性的变化规律。然后,分析了3个域(正域、边界域和负域)的不确定性,并揭示了它们在分层递阶的多粒度空间下的变化规律。最后,通过实验验证了所提不确定性度量理论的有效性。     

一种新的覆盖粗糙模糊集模型

在覆盖粗糙集与模糊集结合的研究中,已有的覆盖粗糙模糊集模型存在两类问题:一类是元素的上、下近似隶属度之间的差值通常过大;另一类是元素的上、下近似隶属度与其在给定模糊集中的隶属度无关.对此,通过定义模糊覆盖粗糙隶属度,将元素的最小描述与给定模糊集建立联系,同时综合元素在给定模糊集中的隶属度,进而建立一个新的覆盖粗糙模糊集模型.理论比较和实验结果均表明该模型可以有效解决上述两类问题.     

粗糙模糊集的近似表示

粗糙模糊集是利用粗糙集的 Pawlak 知识空间来近似刻画一个模糊集（不确定概念）的理论模型．粗糙模糊集用上、下近似模糊集作为目标概念的边界模糊集,它没有给出在当前知识基下如何得到目标模糊概念的近似模糊集或近似精确集的方法．文中首先给出模糊集的相似度（近似度）的概念,定义了 Pawlak 知识空间U／R 下的阶梯模糊集、均值模糊集、0．5-精确集等概念;然后分析得出U／R 知识空间下的均值模糊集是所有阶梯模糊集中与目标模糊集最接近的模糊集,U／R 知识空间下0．5-精确集是目标模糊集最接近的近似精确集;分析了均值模糊集、0．5-精确集分别与目标模糊集之间的相似度随知识粒度变化的变化规律．从新的视角提出了不确定性目标概念的近似表示和处理的方法,促进了不确定人工智能的发展．     

覆盖粗糙模糊集的组合熵与组合粒度研究

针对覆盖粗糙模糊集的组合熵与组合粒度的度量问题.定义了覆盖粗糙集下对象的相容类,构造了覆盖粗糙集模型的相容关系,提出覆盖近似空间的覆盖簇,引入了覆盖粗糙模糊集模型的组合熵和组合粒度概念,讨论了组合熵和组合粒度的结构并证明了相关的性质并提出了覆盖粗糙模糊集的组合熵粗糙度度量.定义了覆盖簇的相容关系下对象的相容度,提出了相容度下的组合熵概念,证明了相关的定理和性质.最后,引入相容度下组合粒度概念,证明了组合粒度粗糙度存在随覆盖变细,度量单调减少的规律,并通过实例进行了验证.从而为进一步揭示粗糙集、粗糙模糊集及覆盖粗糙模糊集之间的不确定性度量规律提供了理论依据.     

区间直觉模糊粗糙集的不确定性研究

对区间直觉模糊信息系统中近似集的不确定性进行了研究,给出了区间直觉模糊粗糙集的不确定性度量公式。首先在区间直觉模糊近似空间中,定义了一对具有对称性的新的区间直觉模糊上、下近似算子;其次给出了区间直觉模糊集粗糙隶属函数的定义并讨论了相关性质;最后利用区间直觉模糊粗糙隶属函数的区间直觉模糊熵,定义了区间直觉模糊粗糙集的模糊熵,并讨论了区间直觉模糊粗糙集的模糊熵为零的充要条件,证明了在区间直觉模糊近似空间中经典集合和它的余集的粗糙度量是相等的,以此说明定义的合理性。     

多粒度覆盖粗糙模糊集模型不确定性研究

针对覆盖粗糙模糊集中存在的上下近似不一致问题.引入一种更为合理的覆盖粗糙模糊集模型,讨论了该模型的结构与相关性质,定义了基于此模型的粗糙度度量方法.基于覆盖粗糙模糊集中粗糙度相等的情形,提出模糊集中极大模糊集的概念,并利用模糊集与极大模糊集的距离问题定义了模糊集的优劣次序,从而有效解决了模糊集在覆盖粗糙模糊集中粗糙度的度量问题.通过引入粗糙熵等相关概念,证明了此模型中仍然存在随最简覆盖变细,两种度量单调减少的规律,并通过实例进行了验证.从而为进一步揭示粗糙集、粗糙模糊集及覆盖粗糙模糊集之间的不确定性度量规律提供了理论依据.     

覆盖粗糙直觉模糊集模型的研究

粗糙集和直觉模糊集的融合是一个研究热点。在粗糙集、直觉模糊集和覆盖理论基础上,给出了模糊覆盖粗糙隶属度和非隶属度的定义。考虑到元素自身与最小描述元素的隶属度和非隶属度之间的关系,构建了两种新的模型——覆盖粗糙直觉模糊集和覆盖粗糙区间值直觉模糊集,证明了这两种模型的一些重要性质,与此同时定义了一种新的直觉模糊集的相似性度量公式,并用实例说明其应用。     

改进的粗糙直觉模糊集

在Pawlak近似空间中,针对直觉模糊目标集合,假设在信息粒度不变的情况下,试图寻求目标集合更好的近似集。在现有的粗糙直觉模糊集的基础之上,利用直觉模糊粗糙隶属函数,采用分段函数的形式建立直觉模糊集新的下近似与上近似算子,并讨论新模型的一些基本性质。与现有的粗糙直觉模糊集相比,改进后的模型无论在近似精度方面,还是与目标集合的相似度方面,都有了较大的改善和提高。最后通过数值算例验证了所给结论的正确性。     

多重粗糙模糊集模型

为了充分揭示知识颗粒间的重叠性、对象的重要度差别及其多态性,基于多重集合,对Dubois粗糙模糊集意义下的粗糙模糊集模型的论域进行了扩展,提出了基于多重集的粗糙模糊集模型,给出了该模型的完整定义、相关定理和重要性质,其中包括多重粗糙模糊近似集、近似精度和可定义集的定义及其各种性质的证明、多重集意义下的粗糙模糊近似算子之间的关系及其与Dubois意义下的粗糙模糊近似算子之间的关系等。多重粗糙模糊集可用于从具有一对多依赖性关系的且具有模糊特性的数据中挖掘知识。     

基于关联熵系数的粗糙Vague集相似性度量方法

粗糙Vague集是将粗糙集和Vague集理论相互融合以处理不确定性信息的一种理论工具。本文在深入研究Vague集及粗糙模糊集的关联熵、关联熵系数及集合相似性度量方法基础上,将关联熵和关联熵系数的概念引入到粗糙Vague集,并详细讨论了它们的主要性质,同时证明了关联熵系数满足粗糙Vague集相似度的定义,可用于粗糙Vague集的相似性度量。最后通过实例验证了粗糙Vague集的关联熵系数用于度量粗糙Vague集之间相似性程度的有效性,该理论为粗糙Vague集相似性度量提供了一种新方法。     

Invertible approximation operators of generalized rough sets and fuzzy rough sets

This paper studies the classes of rough sets and fuzzy rough sets. We discuss the invertible lower and upper approximations and present the necessary and sufficient conditions for the lower approximation to coincide with the upper approximation in both rough sets and fuzzy rough sets. We also study the mathematical properties of a fuzzy rough set induced by a cyclic fuzzy relation.     

Characterization of rough set approximations in Atanassov intuitionistic fuzzy set theory

The primitive notions in rough set theory are lower and upper approximation operators defined by a fixed binary relation and satisfying many interesting properties. Many types of generalized rough set models have been proposed in the literature. This paper discusses the rough approximations of Atanassov intuitionistic fuzzy sets in crisp and fuzzy approximation spaces in which both constructive and axiomatic approaches are used. In the constructive approach, concepts of rough intuitionistic fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets are defined, properties of rough intuitionistic fuzzy approximation operators and intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are examined. Different classes of rough intuitionistic fuzzy set algebras and intuitionistic fuzzy rough set algebras are obtained from different types of fuzzy relations. In the axiomatic approach, an operator-oriented characterization of rough sets is proposed, that is, rough intuitionistic fuzzy approximation operators and intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are defined by axioms. Different axiom sets of upper and lower intuitionistic fuzzy set-theoretic operators guarantee the existence of different types of crisp/fuzzy relations which produce the same operators.     

On generalized intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators

In rough set theory, the lower and upper approximation operators defined by binary relations satisfy many interesting properties. Various generalizations of Pawlak’s rough approximations have been made in the literature over the years. This paper proposes a general framework for the study of relation-based intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators within which both constructive and axiomatic approaches are used. In the constructive approach, a pair of lower and upper intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators induced from an arbitrary intuitionistic fuzzy relation are defined. Basic properties of the intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are then examined. By introducing cut sets of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, classical representations of intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are presented. The connections between special intuitionistic fuzzy relations and intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are further established. Finally, an operator-oriented characterization of intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets is proposed, that is, intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are defined by axioms. Different axiom sets of lower and upper intuitionistic fuzzy set-theoretic operators guarantee the existence of different types of intuitionistic fuzzy relations which produce the same operators.     

粗糙集的不确定性度量准则

针对现有粗糙集不确定性度量中有些定义在某种情况下并不合理,给出粗糙集不确定性度量的基本准则,证明除二次模糊度外其它几种不确定性度量都是满足基本准则的不确定性度量。由于满足基本准则的不确定性度量仍然可能存在不足,文中对基本准则中的单调性进行进一步限制,提出不确定性度量的扩展准则,并证明模糊熵和修正模糊度是满足扩展准则的不确定性度量,而粗糙度、粗糙熵和线性模糊度都不满足扩展准则。这些结论为已有的不确定性度量的合理性(或不合理性)提供理论说明,也为设计新的不确定性度量方法提供依据。     

A roughness measure of fuzzy sets from the perspective of distance

Covering generalized rough set theory is an important extension of classical rough set theory. To characterize a fuzzy set in a given covering approximation space, a pair of fuzzy sets, called covering rough fuzzy lower and upper approximations, were introduced, but they do not describe well how much uncertainty is induced by the granularity of knowledge. In this paper, we first discuss the relationship between uncertainty and granularity of knowledge. Then we examine several commonly used distance measures, and indicate that some of them exhibit some limitations. Next we propose a roughness measure based on Minkowski distance, and examine some important properties of this measure. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the application of the roughness measure to incomplete information systems with fuzzy decision.     

不同知识粒度下GIS属性数据粗糙度量

GIS不确定性做为一个GIS的研究热点,以前对其研究主要集中在概率论等传统研究方法上。利用粗糙集的上、下近似概念,将GIS属性数据看成信息系统的属性集合,按照不同属性组合对GIS实体集进行等价类划分,然后应用粗糙度、粗糙精度、粗糙熵来度量GIS属性数据的不确定性,发现若具有相同属性,随着不同知识粒度的逐渐“细化”,粗糙精度和粗糙熵逐渐递减,这符合人的认知习惯,为GIS不确定性和GIS认知研究提供了一种新的方向。     

Generalized fuzzy rough sets determined by a triangular norm

The theory of rough sets has become well established as an approach for uncertainty management in a wide variety of applications. Various fuzzy generalizations of rough approximations have been made over the years. This paper presents a general framework for the study of T-fuzzy rough approximation operators in which both the constructive and axiomatic approaches are used. By using a pair of dual triangular norms in the constructive approach, some definitions of the upper and lower approximation operators of fuzzy sets are proposed and analyzed by means of arbitrary fuzzy relations. The connections between special fuzzy relations and the T-upper and T-lower approximation operators of fuzzy sets are also examined. In the axiomatic approach, an operator-oriented characterization of rough sets is proposed, that is, T-fuzzy approximation operators are defined by axioms. Different axiom sets of T-upper and T-lower fuzzy set-theoretic operators guarantee the existence of different types of fuzzy relations producing the same operators. The independence of axioms characterizing the T-fuzzy rough approximation operators is examined. Then the minimal sets of axioms for the characterization of the T-fuzzy approximation operators are presented. Based on information theory, the entropy of the generalized fuzzy approximation space, which is similar to Shannon’s entropy, is formulated. To measure uncertainty in T-generalized fuzzy rough sets, a notion of fuzziness is introduced. Some basic properties of this measure are examined. For a special triangular norm T = min, it is proved that the measure of fuzziness of the generalized fuzzy rough set is equal to zero if and only if the set is crisp and definable.     

On the generalization of fuzzy rough sets

Rough sets and fuzzy sets have been proved to be powerful mathematical tools to deal with uncertainty, it soon raises a natural question of whether it is possible to connect rough sets and fuzzy sets. The existing generalizations of fuzzy rough sets are all based on special fuzzy relations (fuzzy similarity relations, T-similarity relations), it is advantageous to generalize the fuzzy rough sets by means of arbitrary fuzzy relations and present a general framework for the study of fuzzy rough sets by using both constructive and axiomatic approaches. In this paper, from the viewpoint of constructive approach, we first propose some definitions of upper and lower approximation operators of fuzzy sets by means of arbitrary fuzzy relations and study the relations among them, the connections between special fuzzy relations and upper and lower approximation operators of fuzzy sets are also examined. In axiomatic approach, we characterize different classes of generalized upper and lower approximation operators of fuzzy sets by different sets of axioms. The lattice and topological structures of fuzzy rough sets are also proposed. In order to demonstrate that our proposed generalization of fuzzy rough sets have wider range of applications than the existing fuzzy rough sets, a special lower approximation operator is applied to a fuzzy reasoning system, which coincides with the Mamdani algorithm.     

基于覆盖的粗糙模糊集的粗糙熵

覆盖约简是研究覆盖去冗余问题的一种有效方法。本文在基于最简覆盖的粗糙集模型的基础上,将粗糙度和粗糙熵的概念引入基于最简覆盖的粗糙模糊集,用来度量其不确定性程度;讨论了它们的一些性质,并通过实例说明粗糙熵比粗糙度更能精确地反映基于最简覆盖的粗糙模糊集的不确定性程度。     

覆盖近似空间中粗糙集的不确定性度量研究

对于覆盖近似空间中粗糙集的不确定性度量,目前的方法主要有粗糙度、粗糙熵和模糊度。通过分析这些不确定性度量方法,发现在特定的情况下它们都存在一定的不合理性。提出一种粗糙集的模糊度,给出并证明了相关性质。分析表明该度量方法克服了已有方法存在的不合理性,为覆盖粗糙集的不确定性度量提供了方法。