聚丙烯酸系超强吸水剂的制备及其进展

介绍了聚丙烯酸系超强吸水剂（Superabsorbent)的研究状况、吸水机理、制备方法，影响超强吸水剂制备的因素以及制备超强吸水剂进展等方面，并对超强吸水剂的制备做了展望。     

超强吸水剂的制备及其性能研究进展

论述了吸水量达吸水剂自身几十倍至几千倍的新型功能高分子材料—超强吸水剂 ( SAP)的制备及性能研究状况 ,并讨论了 SAP的研究方向与前景。     

接枝共聚法制备超强吸水剂

以淀粉为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,硫酸铈铵为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用接枝共聚法制备超强吸水剂。研究了引发剂浓度、交联剂用量、单体与淀粉质量比及氢氧化钠用量对产品吸水率的影响。实验结果表明:当引发剂浓度为5.0×10-3mol/L;交联剂用量占单体质量的0.20%;单体与淀粉质量比为1∶3;氢氧化钠用量占单体质量为30%时,产品的吸水率可达1000倍以上。     

超强吸水剂合成的影响因素研究

文章通过实验从单体浓度、交联剂、引发剂、中和剂及温度五个方面分析了不同因素对超强吸水剂吸水性能的影响,并且得出了比较理想的超强吸水剂的合成方案。     

反相悬浮聚合法制备超强吸水树脂

以环己烷作为分散介质,以司班80作为分散荆,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和多元醇作为交联剂,过硫酸铵作为引发剂采用反相悬浮聚合法分两阶段合成了核壳型超强吸水树脂,得到的产品呈颗粒状,吸去离子水倍率为998g／g,吸生理盐水的吸液倍率达到147g／g。探讨了分散荆、交联剂、反应温度、丙烯酸中和度及核壳比对超强吸水树脂物理状态及吸液能力的影响。     

大同矿区煤系高岭岩制备超细煅烧高岭土

新建高岭土化工项目通过规模化煅烧工艺制备出超细优质高岭土,其拥有过硬的技术支撑和优化的管理体系,产品销售渠道宽,应用范围广,综合效益明显,在同类煤炭企业中具有推广价值。     

超强吸水剂研究进展

综述了超强吸水剂的种类、应用及发展前景,对比了主要的天然原料淀粉基和纤维素基吸水材料及合成聚合物系超强吸水剂在制备工艺、性能与结构及应用方面各自不同的特点.     

超强吸水聚合物的研究进展

介绍了超强吸水聚合物的国内外研究开发情况。综述了其制备方法和应用。结合超强吸水聚合物的市场潜力与成本的分析 ,对超强吸水聚合物的发展前景作了展望。     

超强吸水树脂的应用研究进展

介绍了超强吸水树脂在国内外的发展情况，由于超强吸水树脂具有的吸水性和保水性，并有一定的生物适应性及对外界刺激的应答性，所以它在工业、农业、建筑、医疗卫生等各个领域都得到较为广泛的应用，该文在全面阐述它在这些领域应用的同时，对它在各个领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

"双90"煅烧煤系高岭土的应用与研究

介绍了中国“双90”煅烧煤系高岭土的应用与研究情况，对今后的发展提出了一些看法。     

壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酸钠/高岭土复合树脂的吸水性能

利用溶液聚合法制备了壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酸钠/高岭土复合树脂,研究了复合树脂在蒸馏水中的吸水速率、重复吸水性能和人工尿液中的吸水倍率,以及在不同温度、不同电解质溶液离子强度和不同pH值的环境下复合树脂的吸水性能。结果表明,复合树脂的吸水速率较慢,在多次重复吸水后吸水性能也逐渐降低,在人工尿液中的吸水倍率高于聚丙烯酸钠树脂,低于壳聚糖接枝丙烯酸钠树脂;随着温度的升高,复合树脂的吸水能力增强,超过50℃后变化较小;树脂的吸液倍率随着电解质溶液浓度和价态的增大而下降;随着pH值的增大而出现驼峰,在pH=3.5和pH=8.5处分别出现吸液倍率最大值。     

Preparation of starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite

A novel starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of starch, acrylamide (AM), and attapulgite micropowder using N.N‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulphate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution, followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide. The effects on water absorbency, such as amount of crosslinker, initiator, attapulgite, weight ratio of acrylamide to starch in the feed, gelatinization conditions of starch and molar ratio of NaOH to acrylamide, and so forth, were investigated. These superabsorbent composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water absorbencies for these superabsorbent composites in water and saline solution were investigated, and water retention tests were carried out. Results obtained from this study showed that the water absorbency of superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions with an attapulgite content of 10% exhibit absorption of 1317 g H₂O/g sample and 68 g H₂O/g sample in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1351–1357, 2005     

Synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium humate superabsorbent composite for agricultural use

A novel poly (acrylic acid)/sodium humate superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA) on sodium humate micropowder using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) as an initiator in aqueous solution. The effects on water absorbency of factors such as reaction temperature, initial monomer concentration, and degree of neutralization of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, and sodium humate were investigated. The superabsorbent composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the graft copolymerization reaction of AA on sodium humate micropowder was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Results obtained from this study show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal conditions for synthesis with a sodium humate content of 5.3% exhibited absorption of 684 g H₂O/g sample in distilled water. Water‐retention in soil is enhanced by the use of the superabsorbent composite. The effect of superabsorbent composite on the growth of corn is reported. The superabsorbent composite may be of use as water management materials for agriculture purposes in desert and drought‐prone areas. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5137–5143, 2006     

Study on superabsorbent composite. VIII. Effects of acid‐ and heat‐activated attapulgite on water absorbency of polyacrylamide/attapulgite

A novel superabsorbent composite, polyacrylamide/attapulgite, from acrylamide (AM) and attapulgite (APT), was prepared by free‐radical polymerization, using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration, acidification time, and acidification temperature while acidifying APT and temperature and APT heat‐activation on water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution were studied. The water absorbency first decreases with increasing the HCl concentration while acidifying APT, and then increases with further increasing the HCl concentration. Prolongation of acidification time is of benefit to the increase of water absorbency. At a given HCl concentration, water absorbency for the composite increases with increasing acidification temperature. An important increase in water absorbency was observed after incorporating heat‐activated APT into the polymeric network, reaching a maximum of 1964 g g^?1 with the APT heat‐activated at 400°C. Acid‐ and heat‐activation can influence chemical composition, crystalline structure, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and specific surface area of APT according XRF, XRD, FTIR analysis, and physicochemical properties test, and then on water absorbency of corresponding PAM/APT superabsorbent composite. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2419–2424, 2007     

淀粉-丙烯酸/聚丙烯酰胺复合吸水树脂的制备及性能

淀粉用环氧氯丙烷进行预交联,与丙烯酸接枝共聚,生成淀粉-丙烯酸共聚物;再与聚丙烯酰胺聚合,制备淀粉-丙烯酸/聚丙烯酰胺复合高吸水树脂。考察了淀粉用量、引发剂及交联剂对吸水倍率的影响。结果表明,当淀粉用量取2.5 g,复合引发剂取0.02 mmol,交联剂取0.1%时,吸水倍率最大;吸水速率20 min内达到吸水溶胀平衡。     

Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite. I. Synthesis and characterization

A novel poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA) on attapulgite micropowder using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution. The effects on water absorbency of such factors as reaction temperature, initial monomer concentration, degree of neutralization of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, and attapulgite were investigated. These crosslinked superabsorbent composites were characterized by thermogravimetetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The graft copolymerization reaction of AA on attapulgite micropowder was characterized by FTIR. The water absorbencies for these superabsorbent composites in water and saline solutions were investigated and water‐retention tests were carried out. Results obtained from this study show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions with an attapulgite content of 10% exhibited an absorption of 1017 g H₂O/g sample and 77 g H₂O/g sample in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1596–1603, 2004     

水溶液聚合高岭土复合高吸水性树脂的研究

以N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，过硫酸铵／亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂，采用水溶液聚合法合成出高岭土复合聚丙烯酸钠．丙烯酰胺高吸水性复合树脂。研究了高岭土的添加量和交联剂用量等因素对复合树脂的吸水性、吸盐性、保水性等的影响。热重分析(TGA)表明加入高岭土可提高复合树脂的保水性。(FTIR)表明聚丙烯酸与高岭土产生了表面化学交联，X射线衍射(XRD)表明单体在聚合过程中未能插入到高岭土层间。     

Study on starch-graft-acrylamide/mineral powder superabsorbent composite

A novel starch-graft-acrylamide/mineral powder superabsorbent composite with water absorbency about 4000 times is synthesized by graft-copolymerization reaction among acrylamide, potato starch and mineral ultrafinepowder, followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide. It is found that the composite doped with kaolinite powder possess higher water absorbency than those doped with bentonite or sercite powder, since the kaolinite powder can moderately disperse in the water and cross-link with acrylamide and starch. By controlling the amount of NaOH and reaction time during saponification process, the hydrophilic groups on the composite can be adjusted, it is found that the collaborative absorbent effect of −CONH₂, −COONa and −COOH groups is superior to that of single −CONH₂, −COONa or −COOH group. By the IR characterization, the polymerization reaction mechanism and structure of the composite is supposed, the mineral ultrafinepowder as a cross-linking point play an important role in the formation of network structure of the superabsorbent composite.     

Preparation and water absorbency of a novel poly(acrylate‐co‐acrylamide)/vermiculite superabsorbent composite

A novel poly(acrylate‐co‐acrylamide)/expanded vermiculite (EVMT) superabsorbent composite was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method. The water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite still reaches 850 g/g when 50 wt % EVMT is added, which is significant in decreasing the production cost of the superabsorbent composites. By controlling the molar ratio of acrylic acid monomer and acrylamide monomer, and neutralization degree of acrylic acid, the hydrophilic groups on the composite can be adjusted, and it is found that the collaborative absorbent effect of ? CONH₂, ? COOK, and ? COOH groups is superior to that of single ? CONH₂, ? COOK, or ? COOH group. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 735–739, 2007     

二步加热交联法制备羧甲基纤维素基高吸水材料

利用可再生羧甲基纤维素,通过简单无污染的二步加热法制备羧甲基纤维素基高吸水材料。红外光谱和X射线衍射表明:经过简单的热处理,可使羧甲基纤维素的—OH和—COOH发生反应,产生交联,将可溶的羧甲基纤维素转化为高吸水材料。与热处理前相比,材料的结晶度和结晶的完善程度均有不同程度降低。实验发现80℃烘干、145℃热处理10—15 m in可以得到吸水率超过110倍、吸尿率超过25倍的纤维素基高吸水材料。