溴代芴的合成研究

以碳酸丙烯酯为溶剂、以N-溴代丁二酰亚胺（NBS）为溴化试剂,进行芴的溴代反应研究,合成了2-溴芴和2,7-二溴芴。通过对反应温度、NBS的用量以及加入方式等的考察,确定合成2-溴芴的最佳反应条件。最佳反应条件为：反应温度23℃、NBS和芴的物质的量比为1．1：1、NBS分批加入。先将芴和碳酸丙烯酯预热至60℃,使得芴全部溶解,然后降至反应温度,分批加入NBS。2-溴芴和2,7-二溴芴分别以无水乙醇和冰醋酸重结晶,目标产物的液相色谱纯度均可达到99％以上。     

手性4-(9-丙基芴-9-基)-1,2-环氧丁烷的合成

通过两种方法合成9-丙基芴,将9-丙基芴与正丁基锂反应得到有机锂,再与二溴甲烷反应,制备成9-丙基芴-9-基溴代甲烷。将其做成格氏试剂,与手性环氧氯丙烷反应,生成中间体4-(9-丙基芴-9-基)-1-氯-2-丁醇。在碱性条件下使中间体关环,得到高e.e.值的标题化合物。     

可光固化单体2,7-二溴-9,9-双[4′-(1″,4″-戊二烯-3″-氧基酰基戊基氧基)苯基]芴的合成

以芴为原料,经溴代、氧化反应首先合成了2,7-二溴芴酮,再与苯酚反应合成2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4′-羟基苯基)芴.利用2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4′-羟基苯基)芴与1,4-戊二烯-3-醇-6′-溴己酸酯经醚化反应合成了用于发光聚合物制备的可光固化单体标题化合物.反应总收率66％.中间产物和目标产物结构经1HNMR、13CNMR和元素分析表征.     

NBS对芳香醚类化合物选择性溴代研究

2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酸甲酯与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)在摩尔比为1∶1,甲醇为溶剂,室温条件下反应,以94％的收率得到选择性好的芳环单溴代产物2-(2-溴-4,5-二甲氧基苯基)乙酸甲酯.其结构经1H NMR、MS谱确证.用温和的NBS作为溴代试剂避免了传统芳环溴代试剂强腐蚀性及强毒性的缺点,可发展为芳香醚类化合物溴代的一般方法.     

2-溴芴酮的合成

以煤焦油分离产品芴为原料,通过溴代、氧化反应制得2-溴芴酮,对氧化过程中不同溶剂及用量、碱的用量、反应时间对产率的影响进行了优化选择。较佳的反应条件为:四氢呋喃作溶剂,m(2-溴芴)∶m(四氢呋喃)=1∶5.5,n(2-溴芴)∶n(氢氧化钾)=10∶1,室温反应5h,2-溴芴酮的产率大于98.0%,质量分数高于98.0%。产物的结构通过红外和核磁共振波谱进行了表征。     

2-(溴甲基)烟腈的合成研究

以2-甲基烟腈为原料,NBS为溴代试剂,BPO为引发剂,在四氯化碳溶液中发生自由基溴代反应得到2-(溴甲基)烟腈,产物结构通过~1H NMR和ESI-MS表征。并考察确定了该溴代反应的适宜条件为:NBS用量为n_(NBS)∶n_(2-甲基烟腈)=1.2∶1,反应溶剂为四氯化碳,反应温度60℃,反应时间7h,在该条件下,产物收率达到61.4%。     

手性3-[9-(3-吡啶基)芴基]环氧丙烷的合成

以芴和手性环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成了标题化合物.芴与丁基锂反应得到的芴基锂与3-溴吡啶反应得9-(3-溴吡啶)芴.9-(3-溴吡啶)与丁基锂反应生成的9-(3-溴吡啶)-9-芴锂与手性环氧氯丙烷反应即得标题化合物.所得产物的光学纯度与原料环氧氯丙烷相近.     

2,7-二溴-9-二烷硫基亚叉芴的合成及表征

以芴为起始原料,合成了2,7-二溴-9-二甲硫基亚叉芴、2,7-二溴-9-二十二烷硫基亚叉芴、2,7-二溴-9-二苄硫基亚叉芴和2,7-二溴-9-二硫代乙烯撑亚叉芴4种新的芴衍生物.所得产物的结构经IR,NMR表征.     

2-溴芴的合成研究

以芴和溴化氢为原料,通过过氧化氢氧化、溴化制得2-溴芴。考察了溶剂种类、物料配比、反应温度及时间对收率的影响。实验结果表明:在四氯化碳溶剂中,物料配比n(芴)∶n(溴化氢)∶n(过氧化氢)=1∶1.5∶2,反应温度为0~5℃,反应时间为4 h,产品收率为81.9%,纯度98%(HPLC)。产品结构经1H NMR确证。     

2-甲基-4-芳基噻唑的溴代反应研究

2-甲基-4芳基噻唑类化合物是重要的光电功能材料中间体,通过控制NBS溴代条件,选择性地得到了2-甲基-4芳基噻唑类在2位甲基和在5位碳上两种溴代产物并利用HNMR对产物结构进行了确定.最后对溴代机理及反应条件进行了分析.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.