直接甲醇燃料电池催化剂的研究

燃料电池由于具有能量转换效率高、环境污染小、灵活性大等优点越来越受到人们的重视,但也因为氢气燃料电池的生产成本高,储氢不便等原因受到限制。本研究对Pt-C和Pt-Ag催化剂的抗中毒性能进行比较研究,结果表明Pt-Ag催化剂的催化性能和抗中毒性较好,说明部分金属元素的加入大大降低了Pt的中毒。     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂PtCo/ZrO_2-RGO的制备及性能研究

实验采用Hummers法合成氧化石墨(GO),浸渍还原法一步还原氧化石墨和贵金属盐及金属氧化物,制备了纳米ZrO_2掺杂石墨烯负载PtCo(PtCo/ZrO_2-RGO)催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其进行表征,运用循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CA)研究纳米PtCo/ZrO_2-RGO对甲醇电催化氧化活性和稳定性,正向阳极峰电流密度(If)与反向阳极峰电流密度(Ib)的比值可反应甲醇的氧化率以及中间含碳物质的中毒耐受性,PtCoRGO和PtCo/ZrO_2-RGO的If/Ib值分别为2.67和3.20。在1 000次循环之后PtCo/ZrO_2-RGO的I_n/I_0值仍是91%,高于PtCo-RGO的I_n/I_0的值88%。     

稀土掺杂半导体纳米发光材料新进展

与绝缘体纳米晶相比,半导体纳米晶的激子玻尔半径要大得多,因此量子限域效应对掺杂半导体纳米晶发光性能的影响变得很显著,从而有可能通过尺寸调控来设计一些具有新颖光电性能的发光材料。同时由于稀土离子和基质阳离子的离子半径差异大,电荷不匹配,三价稀土离子一般很难以替代晶格位置的形式掺人半导体（如ZnO和Ti02）纳米晶中。目前,国内外研究结果大都只能得到稀土在半导体纳米晶表面或近表面的弱发光。     

微生物燃料电池碳基阳极材料的研究进展

微生物燃料电池是绿色废水处理新技术,在处理有机废水的同时实现了电能回收.近10年来,该技术得到了快速发展,逐步由实验室研究向未来大型化应用的目标前进.产电微生物附着的阳极是影响电池性能的关键,也是目前该领域研究的热点.碳基材料成本低、导电性好且无生物毒性,是理想的阳极材料.分别从二维碳基材料、三维碳基材料、纳米碳材料和碳基材料的预处理等方面介绍了阳极材料研究的最新进展,指出了材料的表面修饰(如表面氧化或连接官能团)和纳米碳材料的应用将成为未来微生物燃料电池阳极材料的研究重点.     

氮掺杂TiO2/AC催化剂光降解CEH漂白废水

以酸催化水解法制得的活性炭(AC)负载N掺杂TiO2 (TON/AC)为光催化剂,在太阳光照射下对实际CEH漂白废水进行了光催化处理,并以COD为评价指标,考察了催化剂用量、太阳光催化降解时间、废水pH、催化剂利用次数等指标的影响.结果表明,此法制备的TON/AC光催化剂具有较高的太阳光催化活性,且可多次循环使用;在TON/AC用量为1.0 g/L、初始pH值为3.0的条件下,经太阳光催化降解8 d后,对CEH漂白废水中COD的去除率可达73.35%.     

天然气混合水煤气补碳生产甲醇的技术开发

天然气制甲醇采用水煤气补碳技术,实现了水煤气深度净化,优化了合成气组成,合理利用了资源。     

固体氧化物燃料电池梯度复合阴极材料的研制

文章尝试采用凝胶浇注法分别制备掺锶的锰酸镧La0.4Sr0.6MnO3(LSM),氧化钐掺杂氧化铈Ce0.8Sm0.2O3(SDC),镧锶钴铁La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3(LSCF)阴极材料粉体,然后以LSCF为基体,用LSM、SDC、LSCF分别进行掺杂所得粉体材料作为IT-SOFC的阴极材料。烧结后研究所得阴极材料的烧结性能和电学性能,并对掺杂物质对LSCF其微观结构和相关性能进行测试分析,将不同掺杂粉体制备的烧结体与纯的LSCF烧结体进行比较。     

非金属纳米矿物材料负载TiO2在污水处理中的研究进展

非金属矿物以其特殊的纳米结构和形态成为纳米TiO2的理想光催化载体。本文综述了非金属纳米矿物/纳米TiO2复合光催化剂在污水处理中的研究和应用,重点介绍了非金属纳米矿物载体及其种类、负载工艺等的研究现状及发展趋势。     

掺氮改性纳米TiO2光催化材料的聚合物水泥砂浆的应用研究

制备了一种氮改性纳米TiO2光催化材料,并对其进行了系列应用研究.结果表明,氮改性纳米TiO2粉体的光催化效率比市售P25纳米TiO2粉体的光催化效率提高了40%.将它掺入到水泥基材料中,水泥砂浆的光催化效率随掺量的增加而提高,掺量为10%时光催化效率达到60%以上.这一系列的水泥砂浆、聚合物水泥砂浆、聚合物水泥浆光催化材料可广泛应用于降解汽车尾气中NOx的场合.     

碳纳米纤维改性水泥基材料的变形及抗裂性能

用超声波分散和表面修饰法将碳纳米纤维（CNFs）分散到水泥基材料中,制备了CNFs改性水泥基材料,研究了其变形及抗裂性能.结果表明：CNFs能抑制水泥净浆的自收缩和干燥收缩,且显著延缓水泥砂浆的开裂时间;当CNFs掺量为0.05%时,CNFs改性水泥砂浆的开裂时间较空白组延长了48.5%;CNFs在水泥基材料中产生的桥连和拔出效应,延缓了裂纹的扩展,从而减少了CNFs改性水泥砂浆的收缩变形,提高了材料的抗裂性能.     

地聚物材料的研究进展

地聚物材料是兼有有机高聚物、陶瓷、水泥的特点，又具有独特性能的新型建筑材料。介绍了地聚物材料的理论研究进展、材料应用研究进展，以及在我国研究及开发应用地聚物材料的意义。     

Microbial fuel cells for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal

The recent demonstration of cathodic nitrate reduction in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) creates opportunities for a new technology for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A novel process configuration that achieves both carbon and nitrogen removal using MFC is designed and demonstrated. The process involves feeding the ammonium-containing effluent from the carbon-utilising anode to an external biofilm-based aerobic reactor for nitrification, and then feeding the nitrified liquor to the MFC cathode for nitrate reduction. Removal rates up to 2 kg COD m(-3)NCC d(-1) (chemical oxygen demand: COD, net cathodic compartment: NCC) and 0.41 kg NO(3)(-)-Nm(-3)NCC d(-1) were continuously achieved in the anodic and cathodic compartment, respectively, while the MFC was producing a maximum power output of 34.6+/-1.1 Wm(-3)NCC and a maximum current of 133.3+/-1.0 Am(-3)NCC. In comparison to conventional activated sludge systems, this MFC-based process achieves nitrogen removal with a decreased carbon requirement. A COD/N ratio of approximately 4.5 g COD g(-1) N was achieved, compared to the conventionally required ratio of above 7. We have demonstrated that also nitrite can be used as cathodic electron acceptor. Hence, upon creating a loop concept based on nitrite, a further reduction of the COD/N ratio would be possible. The process is also more energy effective not only due to the energy production coupled with denitrification, but also because of the reduced aeration costs due to minimised aerobic consumption of organic carbon.     

Electrochemical conversion of switchgrass and poplar in molten carbonate direct carbon fuel cell

One way of sustaining fuel cell technology is using renewable and sustainable energy means provided by biomass. This article explores switchgrass and poplar in a molten carbonate electrolyte direct carbon fuel cell. It investigates their electrochemical conversions and provides results of power density, current density, open circuit voltage (OCV) and other parameters. The biomasses were pyrolysed at 800°C to produce carbon fuels. Biomass carbon fuels were mixed with molten carbonate and subjected to different operating conditions (600–800°C) in the fuel cell. The electrochemical performances of the poplar fuel were better than those experienced with switchgrass fuel. At 800°C the OCV of poplar fuel (1.08?V) has higher output than switchgrass (0.87?V). The peak power density recorded for poplar fuel was 23.91?mW/cm² while switchgrass fuel was lower at 21.60?mW/cm². Poplar fuel (81.53?mA/cm²) gave a maximum current density with switchgrass fuel lower at 74.00?mA/cm².     

Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and carbon removal in microbial fuel cells

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can use nitrate as a cathodic electron acceptor, allowing for simultaneous removal of carbon (at the anode) and nitrogen (at the cathode). In this study, we supplemented the cathodic process with in situ nitrification through specific aeration, and thus obtained simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the one half-cell. Synthetic wastewater containing acetate and ammonium was supplied to the anode; the effluent was subsequently directed to the cathode. The influence of oxygen levels and carbon/nitrogen concentrations and ratios on the system performances was investigated. Denitrification occurred simultaneously with nitrification at the cathode, producing an effluent with levels of nitrate and ammonium as low as 1.0 ± 0.5 mg N L⁻¹ and 2.13 ± 0.05 mg N L⁻¹, respectively, resulting in a nitrogen removal efficiency of 94.1 ± 0.9%. The integration of the nitrification process into the cathode solves the drawback of ammonium losses due to diffusion between compartments in the MFC, as previously reported in a system operating with external nitrification stage. This work represents the first successful attempt to combine SND and organics oxidation while producing electricity in an MFC.     

水泥基阻尼材料的研究进展

近几年来,国内外对于水泥基阻尼材料的研究较多,成果包含材料、测试方法、阻尼机理等.综述了国内外的相关文献,归纳了影响水泥基阻尼材料的主要因素,并对不同原料在改善阻尼性能的机理方面进行了总结.     

论建筑防水材料的新进展

介绍叠层沥青防水材料、改性沥青防水卷材、高分子防水卷材、建筑防水涂料、建筑密封材料、金属屋面材料以及喷涂聚氨酯泡沫、种植屋面、太阳能光电屋面、再生坡屋面材料等节能环保防水材料系统的应用技术现状和新进展。     

锂离子动力电池用气凝胶隔热材料研究进展

近年来,新能源汽车行业发展迅猛。锂离子电池因其能量密度大、循环寿命长等优势成为应用最广泛的动力电池,但其在极端条件下存在热失控安全问题。气凝胶作为一种新型纳米多孔隔热材料,复合材料耐温可达1000℃以上,其凭借优异的隔热性能及轻质、防火、环保等特性,被逐渐应用于新能源汽车电池电芯隔热防火。本文介绍了锂离子电池热失控现象及热防护措施,常用的气凝胶隔热材料及其应用于锂电池中的性能优势,并与传统动力电池隔热材料进行对比,最后对其应用前景进行展望。     

赤泥在材料方面的利用研究进展

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产中的主要废料,对环境造成了严重污染。文章综述了近几年国内外赤泥在金属回收利用、建筑材料及高聚物改性等材料方面的研究进展,以期为赤泥的有效利用找到新的途径。     

废旧高分子改性混凝土的研究进展

采用废旧高分子改性混凝土，可以解决聚合物改性混凝土成本过高以及废旧高分子对环境的污染问题。本文详细介绍了废旧橡胶一混凝土具有高韧、高阻尼、低收缩以及质轻等优点，对废旧塑料改性混凝土的研究现状和应用情况进行综述，并展望了其发展前景。