Mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polyester composites: Jowar,sisal and bamboo

In this paper, the experiments of tensile and flexural tests were carried out on composites made by reinforcing jowar as a new natural fibre into polyester resin matrix. The samples were prepared up to a maximum volume fraction of approximately 0.40 from the fibres extracted by retting and manual process, and compared with established composites like sisal and bamboo developed under similar laboratory conditions. Jowar fibre has a tensile strength of 302 MPa, modulus of 6.99 GPa and an effective density of 922 kg/m³. It was observed that the tensile strength of jowar fibre composite is almost equal to that of bamboo composite, 1.89 times to that of sisal composite and the tensile modulus is 11% and 45% greater than those of bamboo and sisal composites, respectively at 0.40 volume fraction of fibre. The flexural strength of jowar composite is 4%, 35% and the flexural modulus is 1.12 times, 2.16 times greater than those of bamboo and sisal composites, respectively. The results of this study indicate that using jowar fibres as reinforcement in polyester matrix could successfully develop a composite material in terms of high strength and rigidity for light weight applications compared to conventional sisal and bamboo composites.     

Ultra-light-weight composites from bamboo strips and polypropylene web with exceptional flexural properties

Fine bamboo strips (BSs) have been laid on polypropylene (PP) web, stacked, and compression molded to prepare unconsolidated light-weight (0.312 g/cm³) composites. Composite properties are superior compared with jute-based composites and bamboo strips show potential to replace fiberglass or polyurethane in composites. Flexural strength, modulus, offset yield load, and Noise Reduction Coefficient (NR) of the BS–PP composites are 5.8×, 2.9×, 6.5×, and 1.4× higher, respectively, compared to jute–PP composites. Bamboo-based non-consolidated composites with excellent mechanical and sound absorption properties utilizing the methods described in this research provide an opportunity to manufacture functional composites with bio-based materials leading to reduction of environmental pollution and sustainable manufacturing.     

瓦楞型竹束单板复合材料的制备及力学性能表征

探索了一种新型竹质工程构件——瓦楞型竹束单板复合材料(CBLC)的制备工艺,研究了三种典型铺装类型(Ⅰ型:(0°)6;Ⅱ型:(0°/90°)3;Ⅲ型:(90°)6)对其拉伸、双向弯曲、三维压缩性能的影响,同时利用数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)对其弯曲应变场信息进行了表征.结果表明:铺装类型对各项力学性能有明显影响,对于拉伸、纵向弯曲性能,Ⅰ型＞Ⅱ型＞Ⅲ型,对于横向弯曲,Ⅱ型＞Ⅲ型＞Ⅰ型.不同铺装类型下CBLC的拉伸断裂机制亦各不相同:Ⅰ型为延性断裂,Ⅱ型为逐渐分层断裂,Ⅲ型为脆性断裂.x和y方向应变场集中分布在试样底端最外层瓦楞波形连接处,且Exx＜Eyy.多重比较分析表明:抗压缩性能在三维方向上存在明显差异,且y＞x＞z;铺装类型对CBLC的抗压载荷、抗压强度有很大影响,而抗压模量差异不明显.     

瓦楞型竹束单板复合材料的制备及力学性能表征

探索了一种新型竹质工程构件--瓦楞型竹束单板复合材料(CBLC)的制备工艺, 研究了三种典型铺装类型(Ⅰ型: (0°)₆; Ⅱ型: (0°/90°)₃; Ⅲ型: (90°)₆)对其拉伸、 双向弯曲、 三维压缩性能的影响, 同时利用数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)对其弯曲应变场信息进行了表征。结果表明: 铺装类型对各项力学性能有明显影响, 对于拉伸、 纵向弯曲性能, Ⅰ型> Ⅱ型> Ⅲ型, 对于横向弯曲, Ⅱ型> Ⅲ型> Ⅰ型。不同铺装类型下CBLC的拉伸断裂机制亦各不相同: Ⅰ型为延性断裂, Ⅱ型为逐渐分层断裂, Ⅲ型为脆性断裂。 x和y方向应变场集中分布在试样底端最外层瓦楞波形连接处, 且E_xx< E_yy。多重比较分析表明: 抗压缩性能在三维方向上存在明显差异, 且y>x>z; 铺装类型对CBLC的抗压载荷、 抗压强度有很大影响, 而抗压模量差异不明显。     

Mechanical properties of Al2O3/Ni laminated composites

Al₂O₃/Ni laminated composites were prepared by aqueous tape casting and hot pressing with intent to study mechanical properties including the fracture strength and toughness. The residual stress was evaluated and proved. The relations of mechanical properties with the thermal residual stress, the ductility of metal layers and the layer thickness ratio were studied, respectively. It was found that the toughness and work of fracture of Al₂O₃/Ni laminar reached to 12.56 MPa m^1/2 and 12 450 J m^− 2, which are 3.6 and 478.8 times that of pure Al₂O₃.     

Mechanical properties of randomly oriented short Sansevieria cylindrica fibre/polyester composites

The tensile, flexural and impact properties of randomly oriented short Sansevieria cylindrica fibre/polyester (SCFP) composites are described for the first time in this work. Composites were fabricated using raw S. cylindrica fibres (SCFs) with varying fibre lengths and weight percents of fibre. When the length of the SCFs was increased, the tensile, flexural and impact properties of the composite were increased up to a 30-mm fibre length, and then a curtailment in properties occurred for higher fibre length composites. SCFP composites showed a regular trend of an increase in properties with fibre weight percent until 40% and afterwards a decrease in properties for composites with greater fibre weight percent. Tensile tests revealed that the tensile strength was about 76 MPa, the Young’s modulus was 1.1 GPa and the elongation at break was between 7% and 8.3%. The flexural strength and modulus were estimated to be around 84 MPa and 3 GPa, respectively. Impact tests exhibited a strength of approximately 9.5 J/cm². The analysis of the tensile, flexural and impact properties of short SCFP composites displayed a critical fibre length and optimum fibre weight percent of 30 mm and 40%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies were carried out to evaluate the fibre/matrix interactions. The experimental tensile strengths were compared with the theoretical predictions and found to be in good agreement with Hirsch’s model. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the composites exposed the presence of cellulose IV with a crystallinity index of 60% and crystallite size of 68 nm.     

聚酯/碳纤维复合材料的自修复性能研究

合成了脲醛树脂/环氧树脂微胶囊,并作为功能材料设计自修复聚醋/碳纤维复合材料.采用力学性能测试,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学显微镜(OM)对微胶囊功能材料和自修复材料进行研究.碳纤维能够提高材料的弹性模量,在材料损伤过程中,控制裂缝的宽度.微胶囊具有增韧效果和自修复能力.经过拉伸复合材料内部产生裂纹.微胶囊在裂纹前端...     

Fracture characterisation of short bamboo fibre reinforced polyester composites

In the study, fracture behaviour of short bamboo fibre reinforced polyester composites is investigated. The matrix is reinforced with fibres ranging from 10 to 50, 30 to 50 and 30 to 60 vol.% at increments of 10 vol.% for bamboo fibres at 4, 7 and 10 mm lengths respectively. The results reveal that at 4 mm of fibre length, the increment in fibre content deteriorates the fracture toughness. As for 7 and 10 mm fibre lengths, positive effect of fibre reinforcement is observed. The optimum fibre content is found to be at 40 vol.% for 7 mm fibre and 50 vol.% for 10 mm fibre. The highest fracture toughness is achieved at 10 mm/50 vol.% fibre reinforced composite, with 340% of improvement compared to neat polyester. Fractured surfaces investigated through the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) describing different failure mechanisms are also reported.     

超支化聚酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复合材料的结构与性能

以分别具有端羟基、端十六烷基和端苯基的超支化聚酯(HBP)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)进行共混改性,研究了HBP的端基类型和用量对HBP/PET复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度、结晶性能及动态黏弹性的影响。结果表明: 当端苯基超支化聚酯(HBP-Bz)、端十六烷基超支化聚酯(HBP-C16)和端羟基超支化聚酯(HBP-OH)的质量分数分别为0.1%、0.4%和0.2%时,HBP/PET复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度均达到最大值;3种超支化聚酯在其质量分数为0.1%~0.4%的范围内,复合材料的结晶度都得到了提高,与HBP-C16和HBP-OH相比,HBP-Bz的加入明显加快了PET的结晶速率;低用量(0.1wt%~0.4wt%)的HBP在PET共混改性中起到了增黏的效果,HBP/PET复合材料熔体表现出假塑性流体的流变行为,HBP的加入在一定程度上增加了PET大分子的链缠结和物理交联点,从而使HBP/PET复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度以及熔体黏度均得到提高。     

MgO／不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的制备与性能

利用对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）、顺丁烯二酸酐（MA）和1,2-丙二醇（PG）制备对苯型不饱和聚酯树脂（UPR）,然后与表面改性后的MgO粉体机械共混制备了MgO／UPR复合材料,考察改性后MgO粉体在UPR基体中的分散情况及其对MgO／UPR复合材料动态热力学性能、耐热性及硬度的影响。XRD、FTIR和SEM测试结果表...     

Compressive and ultrasonic properties of polyester/fly ash composites

The addition of hollow fillers having appropriate mechanical properties can decrease the density of the resulting composite, called syntactic foams, while concurrently improving its mechanical properties. In this study, hollow fly ash particles, called cenospheres, are used as fillers in polyester matrix material. Cenospheres are a waste by-product of coal combustion and, as such, are available at very low cost. In this study, the composites were synthesized by settling cenospheres in a glass tube filled with liquid polyester resin and subsequently curing the resin. This process resulted in a functionally graded structure containing a gradient in the cenosphere volume fraction along the sample height. Uniform radial sections were cut from each composite and were characterized to observe the relationship between cenosphere volume fraction and compressive properties of the composite. The composite was also tested using ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation method. Results show that the modulus of the composites increases with increasing cenosphere volume fraction. The modulus of composites containing more than 4.9 vol% cenosphere was found to be higher than the matrix resin. In general, the modulus of composites increased from 1.33 to 2.1 GPa for composites containing from 4.9–29.5 vol% cenospheres. The specific strength of the composite was found to be as high as 2.03 MPa/(kg/m³) compared to 0.96 MPa/(kg/m³) for the neat resin. Numerous defects present in fly ash particles caused a reduction in the strength of the composite. However, the reduction in the strength was found to be only up to 22%. Increase of over 110% in the specific modulus and only a slight decrease in the strength indicates the possibility of significant saving of weight in the structures using polyester/fly ash syntactic foams.     

竹纤维组合形态对竹纤维/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

以聚丙烯（PP）为基体,单根竹纤维（SBF）和竹纤维束（BFS）两种形态竹纤维为增强体,采用无纺气流铺装-模压工艺制备了SBF-BFS/PP复合材料。通过力学试验机、SEM、TGA、DSC等对SBF-BFS/PP复合材料的力学性能、微观形貌、热性能等进行表征,研究竹纤维形态配比变化对SBF-BFS/PP复合材料综合性能的影响。结果表明,在纤维总含量不变情况下,SBF在两种形态竹纤维中的含量逐步增加时,SBF-BFS/PP复合材料冲击强度和弹性模量逐步增加; SBF在两种形态竹纤维中质量分数为90wt%时,SBF-BFS/PP复合材料冲击强度和弹性模量比SBF质量分数为10wt%时分别提高了26.46%和38.39%; SEM结果表明,竹纤维与PP基体存在较差界面相容性,竹纤维出现断裂和拔出等现象;热失重结果表明,随着SBF含量的增加,SBF-BFS/PP复合材料的耐热性能并没有明显变化。此外,对SBF-BFS/PP复合材料的耐水性能测试结果表明,由于SBF比表面积大,随SBF含量的增加,SBF-BFS/PP复合材料中易吸水组分增加,从而导致其耐水性能下降。      

Impact properties of laminated angle ply composites

The impact properties of laminated composites have been studied as a function of fiber orientation angle, lamination configuration and specimen geometry. The energy absorbing mechanisms havebeen identified. The impact properties of laminated composites are influenced significantly by the fiber orientation angle, lamination configuration and specimen geometry. All off-axis composites (0° < θ < 90°) fail by brittle inter-fiber cleavage mode with little or no interlayer delamination. The longitudinal composites (θ = 0°), both unidirectional and crossplied, fail by a combination of failure modes which take place in a sequential manner—fiber failure and interfacial splitting followed by a layer-to-layer delamination. The presence of 0° layer(s) in transverse composite (θ ±90°) improves their impact performance.     

竹纤维/聚乳酸可生物降解复合材料自然降解性能

通过注射成型工艺制备竹纤维/聚乳酸（BF/PLA）可生物降解复合材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、三维视频显微镜及扫描电镜（SEM）等分析手段研究了BF/PLA复合材料自然降解性能。研究结果表明：BF/PLA复合材料自然降解过程中BF首先降解,PLA逐步分层缓慢降解,复合材料质量逐渐减少;PLA分子链上酯基与水反应,分子链不断断裂,结晶度减小,平均分子量降低,分子量分布变窄;复合材料颜色变深,表面变得粗糙不平,部分裸露的BF清晰可见,其拉伸强度和冲击强度逐渐下降。12个月后,BF/PLA复合材料质量损失率达到8.87%,PLA重均分子量降低了25.9%,复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度分别降低了44.0%和43.8%。BF/PLA可生物降解复合材料在土壤中的自然降解效率较低。     

苎麻布/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能

利用聚丙烯及苎麻布作原料、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯 (MAPP) 作界面增容剂, 采用模压工艺, 在175℃, 5、10、15及20 MPa四种压力下成型复合材料, 研究了MAPP质量分数、苎麻布质量分数及成型压力对复合材料力学性能的影响。复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度在MAPP加入量为 3 %和 5 %时分别达最大值 46.72 MPa和 68. 43 MPa , 较无MAPP的复合材料的强度值分别提高 50. 95 %和 61. 81 %; 拉伸模量及弯曲模量因使用MAPP而增加, 但拉伸断裂伸长率却会下降。随着苎麻布质量分数增加, 复合材料拉伸强度、 拉伸模量、弯曲模量均逐渐增加; 苎麻布质量分数10 %、20 %的复合材料在较低的压力 (5、10 MPa) 下成型时 , 其拉伸强度和弯曲强度值相对更高, 当苎麻布质量分数超过20 %后, 成型压力对力学性能的影响无明显的规律。      

微胶囊-玄武岩纤维/水泥复合材料的力学性能

以水泥、玄武岩纤维和脲醛/环氧树脂微胶囊为主要材料,制备水泥基复合材料标准试样,研究纤维掺量、纤维长度、微胶囊质量分数、水灰质量比和养护龄期对复合材料抗折强度和抗压强度的影响,利用正交实验确定微胶囊-玄武岩纤维/水泥自修复复合材料力学性能的最优配比。实验结果表明：抗折强度随着纤维掺量的增加而增加,抗压强度随着纤维掺量增加而减小;随着纤维长度的增加,抗折强度略有增加,抗压强度略有降低;抗折强度随着微胶囊质量分数的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,而抗压强度则呈现下降趋势;抗折强度与抗压强度随养护龄期的增加而呈增加的趋势;材料经损伤后修复,抗折强度修复率为117%,恢复率为103%,抗压强度修复率为71%,恢复率为97%。     

Mechanical properties of HDPE/magnesium hydroxide composites

Fillers incorporated into polymers for flame retardancy can decrease their mechanical strength. Coating of the filler can enhance the properties of polymer composites. A platy magnesium hydroxide, uncoated, or coated with magnesium stearate or stearic was used as filler in high density polyethylene composites. Tensile and flexural properties were measured. Experimental results were compared with various existing models. Experimental data for both tensile and flexural yield strength showed a good fit to the Pukanszky model. Interfacial interaction was also evaluated through this model. Coating modified tensile and flexural yield strength in different ways. Results were explained by the effect of platelet alignment which was measured by X-ray diffraction. Flexural modulus showed a good fit to the Halpin-Tsai equation, but tensile modulus increased less with filler volume fraction, an effect also believed to relate to filler alignment. Elongation at yield decreased with the addition of filler, more so when coatings were present. This property seemed to be controlled mainly by filler dispersion.