活化胶粉在输送带覆盖胶中的应用

研究活化胶粉用量对丁苯橡胶(SBR)性能的影响以及活化胶粉用量为45份时生胶[天然橡胶(NR)/SBR/顺丁橡胶(BR)]并用比对输送带覆盖胶性能的影响。结果表明,随着活化胶粉用量的增大,SBR胶料的定伸应力增大,拉伸强度降低,拉断伸长率和磨耗量减小,耐热老化性能改善,活化胶粉用量以45份为佳。活化胶粉用量为45份时,对于NR/SBR/BR覆盖胶,当NR用量不变时,随着SBR用量减小和BR用量增大,胶料的Fmax增大,t10缩短,硫化速率加快;当SBR用量不变时,随着NR用量减小和BR用量增大,胶料的FL和Fmax降低,t10变化不大,t90缩短,硫化效率提高。在输送带覆盖胶中加入45份活化胶粉,胶料的工艺性能好,生产成本大幅降低。     

CR用量对NR/SBR/CR共混胶力学性能及水性胶浆附着力的影响

研究了极性胶CR的加入对NR/SBR共混胶硫化特性以及力学性能的影响,同时研究了CR的加入对胶浆黏合情况的影响。结果表明,随着共混胶中CR用量的增大,共混胶的硫化程度明显增大,硫化速度变快;共混胶扯断强度先增大后降低,扯断伸长率减小,100%定伸强度增大,硬度增大;加入成浆体系会使共混胶力学性能明显下降;胶浆黏合情况方面,随共混胶中CR用量的增大,剥离强度先增大后降低,随附胶量的增加,剥离强度逐渐下降。     

CM/CR共混胶性能的研究

研究了CM/CR共混胶的硫化特性、力学性能和动态力学性能,并测试分析了其交联密度和断面微观结构。结果表明,随着CM用量的增大,共混胶硫化程度降低,硫化时间延长,交联密度减小;力学性能先增加后减小,CM用量达到30份时其值达到最优;随着CM用量的增大,共混胶弹性模量和粘性模量均增大,损耗因子减小,CR粘辊性能得到明显改善。CM用量为30份时,共混胶具有明显的"海-岛"结构,CM岛相粒子数量较多,粒径尺寸约为0.5μm,且分散均匀。     

聚醚型聚氨酯橡胶／氯丁橡胶共混物性能的研究

研究了聚醚型聚氨酯橡胶/氯丁橡胶共混物复合交联体系及其对共混硫化胶物理机械性能的影响;探讨了聚氨酯橡胶/氯丁橡胶共混胶料的硫化特性,共混硫化胶的力学性能、耐热老化性能和动态力学性能.结果表明:硫黄/MgO体系能够很好地硫化PUR/CR共混胶;当共混胶中PUR用量在0～100份范围内,共混胶的焦烧时间和正硫化时间均先减小后增加,最小转距和最大转距都降低;拉伸强度、撕裂强度和硬度均随PUR用量的增加而增加.拉断伸长率在PUR用量为40份时最大;共混硫化胶的耐热老化性能随着PUR用量的增加而增加,其拉仲强度保持率和拉断伸长率保持率呈上升趋势;动态力学研究表明,PUR和CR有很好的相容性,玻璃化温度随着PUR用量的增加而降低.     

高性能丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯汽车油管胶料的研制

采用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)作主交联剂、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)作助交联剂硫化丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯(NBR/PVC)共混胶以制备汽车油管胶料,研究了TAIC用量对胶料的硫化特性、压缩永久变形、力学性能、耐溶剂性能、耐热老化性能以及耐臭氧老化性能的影响。结果表明,随着TAIC用量的增加,共混胶料的正硫化时间逐渐缩短,硫化速率逐渐加快,交联效率提高,最大转矩增加;同时共混胶的硬度和拉伸强度逐渐增大,扯断伸长率减小,其压缩永久变形、耐溶剂、耐热老化以及耐臭氧老化性能则呈现不同的变化。当DCP用量为3.5份、TAIC用量为3份时,NBR/PVC共混硫化胶的综合性能最好。     

丁苯橡胶/轮胎再生橡胶用量比对农业轮胎胎面胶性能的影响

研究丁苯橡胶(SBR)/轮胎再生橡胶(TRR)用量比对农业轮胎胎面胶性能的影响。结果表明:SBR和TRR总用量为80份或SBR用量为50份时,随着TRR用量增大,混炼胶的硫化速率增大,硫化胶的耐臭氧老化性能提高;SBR/TRR用量比为30/50,20/60和10/70时,炭黑在胶料中的分散性较好;SBR/TRR用量比为10/70时,硫化胶的压缩生热较低;SBR/TRR用量比为10/70和50/0时,硫化胶的耐热氧老化性能较好;SBR/TRR用量比为10/70时,胶料的综合性能较好。     

氢化丁腈橡胶过氧化物硫化体系的研究

研究硫化剂DCP和助交联剂TAC用量对氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）胶料性能的影响。结果表明：当助交联剂TAC用量为3份时,随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大,HNBR胶料的焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短,硫化胶的物理性能提高,压缩永久变形明显减小,耐热氧老化性能有所改善;当硫化剂DCP用量为4份时,随着助交联剂TAC用量的增大,HNBR胶料的门尼粘度降低,硫化胶的定伸应力增大,压缩永久变形减小,耐热氧老化性能变化不大;硫化剂DCP和助交联剂TAC用量对HNBR硫化胶浸油后的物理性能有一定影响,但对体积膨胀率影响不大。     

氯丁橡胶/三元乙丙橡胶共混胶的混炼工艺性能

考察了不同共混比的氯丁橡胶(CR)/三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)共混胶料随温度变化的门尼黏度和开炼机混炼特性,并用橡胶加工分析仪研究了不同温度下CR/EPDM共混胶料的黏弹性。结果表明,在60~90℃时,胶料的门尼黏度随温度升高而降低,其中纯CR胶料的下降趋势比纯EPDM和CR/EPDM胶料更为迅速;随着EPDM并用量的增加,CR/EPDM共混胶料的门尼黏度随着温度的升高而降低的趋势减缓;当CR/EPDM为80/20、辊温在75℃以下时,共混胶料处于正常的弹性状态,有利于进行混炼薄通操作;在相同温度下,CR/EPDM共混胶料的弹性模量和弹性黏度随着EPDM并用量的增加而增大;随着EPDM并用量的增加,CR/EPDM共混胶加工性能的改善程度更明显。     

TPI结晶性对SBR/TPI并用胶物理机械性能的影响

研究了TPI结晶性对有效硫黄硫化体系（EV）硫化的SBR/TPI并用胶硫化特性和物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,随着TPI用量的增加,SBR/TPI并用胶的交联密度提高,t10和t90先增大后减小;在TPI用量为20份时,t10和t90均达到最大值;TPI冷冻结晶对SBR/TPI并用胶拉伸性能影响不大,拉伸诱导结晶能够提高SBR/TPI并用胶的拉伸强度和100%定伸应力,但降低了拉断伸长率;50mm/min拉伸速率下测得的拉伸强度比500mm/min下测得的数值偏高;TPI用量增大,SBR/TPI并用胶的压缩强度和压缩永久变形均增大。     

拉伸疲劳过程中未填充丁苯橡胶/反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯共混硫化胶性能的变化

研究了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)用量不同的未填充丁苯橡胶(SBR)/TPI共混硫化胶的拉伸疲劳性能,考察了TPI用量为20份(质量,下同)的未填充SBR/TPI共混硫化胶在拉伸疲劳过程中动态性能及TPI结晶性能的变化。结果表明,TPI用量为20份或30份时SBR/TPI共混硫化胶的拉伸疲劳性能较好,随TPI用量增加其疲劳断裂表面的撕裂线逐渐增多。X射线衍射分析表明SBR/TPI(质量比为80/20)共混硫化胶的结晶衍射峰强度随着拉伸疲劳次数的增加而不断增强。动态力学分析表明SBR与TPI的相容性良好;随拉伸疲劳次数增加SBR硫化胶损耗因子的峰值不断降低,而TPI用量为20份的SBR/TPI共混硫化胶在拉伸疲劳过程中损耗因子峰值的变化不明显,但损耗因子在40～60℃有较大幅度的下降。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。