基于图像分割的语义标注方法

为有效解决图像检索中存在的“语义鸿沟”问题,提出了一种新的语义标注方法。该方法以图像分割为基础,在训练阶段构建图像字典,通过对图像单元颜色、纹理、小波轮廓的分析和描述形成一种结合小波轮廓比对和概率统计的二阶段标注模型,模型针对不同类别的图像分阶段采用相应的标注方法。经实验,应用该模型进行图像检索查全率和查准率都有明显提高,其中查准率最高可提升23.6%,证明该方法更接近人对图像内容的理解,具有良好的标注效果和检索性能。     

局部区分区域在三维模型检索中的应用及改进

由于对三维模型检索查全率与查准率的要求不断提高,在研究模型整体特征的同时,对于模型局部特征的研究越来越多。分析并讨论了几种主流的局部特征提取方法,深入研究了局部区分区域方法,并对此方法做出了改进以适应检索需求,经过试验证明,使用局部区分区域可以提高三维模型检索的查全率和查准率。     

基于粒子群优化算法的属性异常检测

提出一种新的基于粒子群优化算法的属性异常检测算法。该算法利用粒子群优化算法简单、寻优速度快的优点检测属性异常,在粒子群寻找最优值的过程中发现可能是属性异常的数据,并采用Omeasure适应度评估属性异常,算法的时间复杂度是多项式级的。与全搜索检测算法相比,大幅减少了搜索范围;同时,与完全随机算法相比,采用启发式搜索规则,提高了查全率及查准率。实验结果表明,粒子群检测算法不仅执行效率高,而且保持了较高的查全率与查准率。     

基于半监督学习的查询扩展模型

查询扩展是针对信息检索中常见的"词不匹配"问题提出的一种优化方法。通过分析现有查询扩展方法的不足,提出一种基于半监督学习的查询扩展模型,该模型将查询扩展看作一个分类问题,并采用直推式支持向量机对样本进行训练。实验结果表明该方法进一步提高了搜索引擎的查全率和查准率。     

基于主成分分析和对数几率回归的硬件木马检测

提出基于主成分分析和对数几率回归的硬件木马检测模型,以提高对硬件木马芯片的检测性能。对采集的旁路功耗信号进行主成分分析组合并选择主要特征,屏蔽信号噪声影响,简化计算操作。利用对数几率回归算法训练分类器,通过计算芯片包含和不包含木马可能性对数比率进行硬件木马识别。设计并搭建FPGA实验平台进行模型验证,通过查准率和查全率评估模型性能。实验结果表明,此模型能够准确高效地检测出硬件木马。     

基于日志模板主题特征的日志异常检测

在系统安全领域,通过日志来检测软件或者系统异常是一种常用的安全防护手段。随着软件和硬件的快速发展,在大规模的日志记录上进行人工标记变得十分困难,目前已有大量的日志异常检测的相关研究。现有的自动化日志检测模型均使用日志模板作为分类,这些模型的性能以及实用性很容易受到日志模板变化的影响。因此,基于日志模板主题特征的日志异常检测模型LTTFAD被提出,LTTFAD首次引入了LDA主题模型以提取日志模板的主题特征并且通过循环神经网络LSTM实现异常检测。实验结果表明,在HDFS和OpenStack数据集上基于日志模板主题特征的日志异常检测模型LTTFAD的查准率、查全率和调和分数等性能指标均明显优于现有基于日志模板的日志异常检测模型。此外,对于新日志模板的注入,LTTFAD模型依然具有较高的稳定性。     

基于KPCA的多变量时间序列数据异常检测方法研究

介绍了一种采用的KPCA技术获取多变量时间序列数据高维特征空间的主成方向矢量,使用主成方向矢繁内积作为异常的度量,并采用vMF分布表征主成方向矢量分布来进行多变量时间序列数据异常检测的方法;检测过程中使用历史数据训练获取分布模型的参数估计,通过计算实际数据主成方向矢量在训练模型的概率来判断异常的发生;与传统的异常检测方法相比,该方法不依赖先验的专家知识,且能够通过训练学习自动调节模型参数,可用于不同系统的异常检测中;实验表明,该方法具有较高的有效性.     

基于排序学习的构件检索方法的研究

将排序学习的方法应用于构件检索的研究中,首先,采用刻面描述的方法对构件进行全面的描述,并通过word2vec模型和权重设定的方法对刻面描述的构件进行特征提取;然后,对构件特征进行潜在语义分析和余弦相似度计算,得到构件训练数据集;最后,通过使用构件训练数据集和构件数据集对经过改进的Plackett-Luce概率排序模型用最大似然估计方法训练模型参数,从而得到一种构件排序模型.将构件排序模型应用到构件检索中开发实现了一个构件检索方法,通过实验验证了此方法的有效性,其查全率、查准率和效率都优于传统的构件检索方法.     

结合加权特征向量空间模型和RBPNN 的文本分类方法

提出了一种结合加权特征向量空间模型和径向基概率神经网络（RBPNN）的文本分类方法．该方法针对传统的文本特征提取方法的不足,根据文本中特征项的位置信息和所属类别信息定义特征权重,然后,依据特征项的权值计算文档特征项的频数,通过TFIDF函数计算特征值并得到文本的特征向量,最后,采用RBPNN网络分类,通过最小二乘算法求解神经网络的第二隐层和输出层之间的权值,最终训练获得文本分类模型．文本分类实验结果表明,该方法在文本分类中表现出较好的效果,具有较好查全率和查准率．     

一种基于混合特征核的图像检索方法

为了更准确地描述图像的视觉特征,提高图像检索的查准率与查全率,提出了一种基于混合特征核的图像检索方法.该方法提取图像的颜色、纹理、SIFT特征,引入高斯核函数,建立图像的混合特征核模型,在高维的核空间进行基于核的图像聚类.实验表明,该混合模型与传统多特征融合方法以及单一特征核方法相比,能够更好地表示图像的视觉特征,提高检索的查准率和查全率.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.