Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Ni-20Cr-18W Superalloy at 1100 oC

在703K对Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块非晶合金进行不同挤压速度的等温挤压实验,Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块非晶合金的高温本构模型用一种简单的扩展指数模型来描述,并将该本构模型代入有限元软件模拟挤压过程:在挤压稳定阶段,模拟结果与实验结果非常吻合;在不同挤压速度下,Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块非晶合金未发生明显晶化,但挤压试样的过冷液相区间随挤压时间的增加而减小.     

Zr基大块非晶合金的超塑性成形性能

研究了Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu125Be22.5大块非晶合金的过冷温度区域范围、时间-温度-转变曲线及其在过冷温度区域的力学行为,并在此基础上,对精密凸轮零件进行了模锻成形实验,分析了不同温度和应变速率对成形结果的影响.结果表明:Zr41.25T13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5大块非晶合金在635.6～710.4 K的过冷区域范围内,其应变速率敏感系数接近1,具有良好的超塑性性能;较理想的超塑性成形温度为653～668 K,应变速率为5.0×10-4～5.0×10-3s-1.在温度为668 K、应变速率为5.0×10-4s-1的工艺条件下,非晶合金的可成形时间大于1000 s,最大流动应力小于70 MPa.     

Zr基块体非晶合金超塑性微挤压成形数值模拟

利用压缩实验数据建立了Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10大块非晶合金在过冷温度区域内的流动应力模型,并选用DE-FORM-3D软件对杯形非晶合金零件超塑性微挤压成形过程进行了模拟,得到了挤压过程中坯料的速度场、应变速率场和应力场的分布规律。分析发现在挤压过程中材料的应变速率极不均匀,因此,对材料的流动变形过程进行了合理分区,分析各区域的形状、大小及变化历程。在此基础上,利用反挤压工艺成功挤出了外径为2.2 mm、壁厚为0.05 mm的杯形零件。SEM显示,该成形件壁厚均匀,尺寸和几何形状满足设计要求。     

喷射成形大尺寸镧基块体非晶过冷液相区内的塑性变形行为

研究了喷射成形大尺寸La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金在过冷液相区内的塑性变形行为.结果表明,随加热温度的增加和应变速率的减小,该非晶合金由非稳态变形向单一稳态变形行为转变.当应变速率为5×10-3S-1,温度为443 K和挤压比为6.25时,喷射成形La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金样品的密度由挤压前的5.723增加到挤压后的5.924 g/cm3,达到了同成分吸铸态非晶合金密度(6.134 g/cm3)的96.6%.挤压后非晶合金样品依然保持完全非晶态.     

Zr55块体非晶合金在低频振动场下的微成形能力

通过设计的振动挤压侧向流动方案,对Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5块体非晶合金在过冷液态区的微成形能力进行了研究。利用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件,对Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5块体非晶合金在振动场作用下的流动变形能力进行了数值模拟分析,在450℃下选取不同振幅38N~760N和不同频率0.1Hz~2.0Hz进行成形实验,测量了非晶合金在横向槽内的流动长度。结果表明,引入振动场可以有效提高非晶合金的微成形能力,随着频率的增大,流动长度明显增大;随着振幅的增大,流动长度先增大后趋向平稳。从材料损耗模量、自由体积理论和表面效应3个方面对该现象进行了分析,表明振动成形是一种提高非晶合金微成形能力的有效方法。     

Zr基块体非晶合金微型内齿轮的反挤压成形工艺及模具

通过对Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30块体非晶合金的热分析和恒温变应变速率热压缩试验,确定了块体非晶合金过冷液相区内变形的最佳工艺参数。根据成形过程的有限元模拟,设计了合理的模具结构,使得挤压件端面平整,可保证微型内齿轮所需的形状精度,减少后续加工。     

制备条件对Zr55Al10Ni5CU30非晶合金晶体形成的影响

利用石英管水淬法,在真空度为1×10-3Pa情况下,通过控制Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30非晶合金的制备条件研究晶态相形成问题。通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射分析了非晶基体中晶态相的形貌和组成。试验结果表明;合金中的含氧量与随加热温度的提高而提高,延长加热时间具有同样的作用,减少加热时间对抑制晶态相具有有利作用;合金在熔化过热时,存在一个最佳过热度,在该过热度下,合金的形核能力最低。Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30合金最佳过热度为120℃;低温淬火具有提高合金过冷倾向的可能。     

氧化对大块非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5热稳定性的影响

利用DSC、TGA试验手段研究了氧化对大块非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5热稳定性的影响.结果表明,在氧气气氛下连续升温时,大块非晶合金的玻璃转变点消失;氧化速率在过冷液相区内明显加快,这源于在过冷液相区中原子的快速扩散;在玻璃转变温度上下温度作等温氧化处理对大块非晶合金的热稳定性没有明显影响.     

Zr_(55)Al_(10)Ni_5Cu_(30)大块非晶合金在过冷液相区内虚拟应力模型的改进

针对描述非晶合金在过冷液相区流动行为的虚拟应力模型虽然能定性分析应力-应变关系,但定量计算误差很大的问题,以Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30为例,采用MATLAB遗传算法优化弹性模量、最大应力和最大松弛时间,提高了模型对应力峰值及稳态应力值的计算精度;提出时间调整因子概念,可提高对应力变化历史描述的准确度;改进后的虚拟应力模型与Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30大块非晶合金单轴压缩实验的结果吻合较好。     

电脉冲孕育处理对Zr基块体非晶热稳定性及退火晶化的影响

通过先对Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30合金熔体施加脉冲电流处理,再利用非真空吸铸法制备出Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30块体非晶合金的方式,研究了电脉冲孕育处理对非晶热稳定性及退火晶化的影响。差分扫描量热(DSC)及X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明:经电脉冲孕育处理后Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30块体非晶合金的玻璃转变温度上升,晶化温度降低,过冷液相区变窄,同时玻璃转变激活能和晶化激活能有所减少。电脉冲孕育处理没有改变Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30块体非晶合金退火晶化相演变过程,但提高了非晶退火晶化率。电脉冲孕育处理对Zr55Ni5Al10Cu30块体非晶合金的晶化起到了促进作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。