超细二氧化硅纤维/橡胶复合材料的结构与性能研究

通过静电纺丝技术制备了直径为300~500 nm的超细二氧化硅纤维,制备的纤维进一步研磨和超声处理得到二氧化硅短纤维,然后将其填充到胎面胶中,分析了不同取向的二氧化硅纤维对胎面胶物理机械性能与动态力学性能的影响。结果表明：二氧化硅纤维在胎面胶基体中有着良好的分散,可以明显提高复合材料的100%定伸模量。在动态性能上,当纤维取向方向与分子链方向一致时,其60~80oC损耗因子最小。当纤维取向方向与分子链方向垂直时,0~-20oC损耗因子最大。因此该二氧化硅纤维作为一种新型增强填料在胎面胶上有着良好的应用前景。     

Preparation of rubber composites from ground tire rubber reinforced with waste‐tire fiber through mechanical milling

Composites made from ground tire rubber (GTR) and waste fiber produced in tire reclamation were prepared by mechanical milling. The effects of the fiber content, pan milling, and fiber orientation on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the stress‐induced mechanochemical devulcanization of waste rubber and the reinforcement of devulcanized waste rubber with waste‐tire fibers could be achieved through comilling. For a comilled system, the tensile strength and elongation at break of revulcanized GTR/fiber composites reached maximum values of 9.6 MPa and 215.9%, respectively, with 5 wt % fiber. Compared with those of a composite prepared in a conventional mixing manner, the mechanical properties were greatly improved by comilling. Oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of GTR particles, which were produced during pan milling, increased interfacial interactions between GTR and waste fibers. The fiber‐filled composites showed anisotropy in the stress–strain properties because of preferential orientation of the short fibers along the roll‐milling direction (longitudinal), and the adhesion between the fiber and rubber matrix was improved by the comilling of the fiber with waste rubber. The proposed process provides an economical and ecologically sound method for tire‐rubber recycling. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 4087–4094, 2007     

低滚动阻力轮胎胎面胶的研究

采用正交试验方法 ,对胶料各组分进行优化 ,使胎面胶滚动阻力降低 ,同时又能保持良好的抗湿滑性能。试验结果表明 ,用溶聚丁苯橡胶替代乳聚丁苯橡胶和用白炭黑部分替代炭黑可以有效降低胎面胶的滚动阻力 ;填料总用量和芳烃油用量是影响滚动阻力和抗湿滑性能的最主要因素。     

胎面基部胶厚度对轮胎性能的影响

通过控制胎面挤出过程,调整基部胶厚度占胎面总厚度的比例(以下简称基部胶厚度占比,分别取20%,35%和50%),研究胎面基部胶厚度占比对轮胎性能的影响。结果表明,适当增大基部胶厚度占比可以提高轮胎的耐久性能,减小轮胎过坎冲击力,提高乘坐舒适性,增大侧向力,提高操纵性能,增大纵向力和接地面积,提高抓着性能和制动性能,并且降低滚动阻力系数,提高燃油经济性。     

低滚动阻力高抗湿滑轿车胎的开发

介绍了已量产的规格205/55R16 P609 94W XL轮胎,主要通过配方升级、双层胎面设计和结构降重三个途径使轮胎的滚动阻力和湿地标签达到欧洲标签法B级的目标。胎面低滚动阻力设计采用全白炭黑的改性溶聚丁苯配方;基部胶也采用低滚动阻力配方。双层胎面通过调整胎面胶和基部胶的体积比例,将基部胶的厚度由原来的0.5 mm调整为2 mm。结构降重主要通过减薄半制品(胎面、胎侧、气密层、胎体、冠带)厚度实现。轮胎测试结果表明:该规格的滚动阻力和湿地标签等级均达到欧洲标签法的B级水平。     

Recycled polypropylene reinforced with curaua fibers by extrusion

Curaua fibers were studied as reinforcing agents for postconsumer polypropylene. The composites were processed by extrusion. The composite properties were investigated by mechanical tests, thermal methods, melt flow index, surface morphology, and water uptake. The variables studied were as follows: fiber contents (10 to 40 wt %), fiber surface treatment, initial fiber length, and modification of the polypropylene matrix. The treatment of the fiber with 5 wt % NaOH aqueous solution did not improve fiber‐matrix adhesion and the composites using 20 wt % of untreated curaua fibers presented the better mechanical properties. Feeding the extruder with fibers having shorter lengths (0.01–0.4 mm) produced better fiber dispersion, improving the mechanical properties of the composites. Composites prepared using fibers without surface treatment with postconsumer polypropylene and with polypropylene modified with maleic anhydride showed mechanical properties and water uptake similar to composites using the same polymer reinforced with other lignocellulosic fibers. The extrusion process caused also partial fibrillation of the fibers, improving their aspect ratio. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Influence of varying fiber lengths on mechanical,thermal, and morphological properties of MA‐g‐PP compatibilized and chemically modified short pineapple leaf fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

Environmentally benign, low cost and abundantly available short pineapple leaf fibers (PALF), found mostly in the Tropical rain forest climates are ideal materials for manufacture of thermoplastic polymer‐matrix composites. Here, mechanical and thermal properties of composites of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA‐g‐PP) and chemically modified short PALF are studied as a function of different fiber lengths at 10 vol % fibers loading with fiber orientation in the longitudinal direction. The effects of fiber lengths and fiber loading on the morphological properties are assessed via observations by scanning electron microscopy. Fiber length of 6 mm oriented longitudinally at 10 vol % fibers loading in PP is the optimum and recommended composition, where 73% increase in impact properties, 37% increase in the flexural modulus, 33% increase in flexural strength, and 14% increase in vicat softening temperature are observed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Processing optimization of latex‐compounded montmorillonite/styrene‐butadiene rubber–polybutadiene rubber

Organo‐montmorillonite was incorporated into model tire tread formulations through latex compounding methods, to evaluate its effects on elastomer reinforcement and dynamic properties. An intercalation structure was obtained by applying latex compounding method to prepare organoclay‐emulsion stryene butadiene (E‐SBR) masterbatches, for compounding with organoclay loading levels of 0–20 parts per hundred rubber (phr). Microstructure, curing properties and tire performance of the compounded rubber were investigated with the aid of X‐ray diffraction, rheometor and dynamic‐mechanical analysis, respectively. The results showed that organo‐montmorillonite filler provided effective reinforcement in the elastomer matrix, as indicated through mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Tread compounds using higher organoclay loadings displayed preferred ice traction, wet traction, and dry handling, but decreased winter traction and rolling resistance. Model compounds using 15 phr of organoclay loading levels were preferred for balanced physical and dynamic properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41521.     

改性植物油在冬季胎胎面胶配方中的应用研究

介绍了改性植物油在冬季胎胎面胶中的应用。植物油系增塑剂可以75%～80%的比例替代石油系增塑剂,且具有更为优异的低温性能;植物油系增塑剂中,改性植物油的综合性能最佳;改性植物油在低温硬度、低温模量、低温硬度保持率以及低温模量保持率方面都表现最优,因此改性植物油的动态模量的特点非常适合冬季胎的性能需求。在冬季胎配方中,改性植物油替代V700后,胶料的力学性能和生热都基本不变,同时可显著提高胶料的耐磨性能;在保证抗冰、湿滑性基本不变的情况下,略降低胶料的滚动阻力。     

内脱模剂SW66在半钢子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究内脱模剂SW66在半钢子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明：在胎面胶配方中加入2.5份内脱模剂SW66,混炼胶排胶温度降低约22℃,混炼能耗降低32%,门尼粘度降低7个单位值;在相同挤出速度下,胎面挤出排胶温度降低3～4℃,在相同挤出排胶温度下,挤出速度提升20%以上;胎面胶的物理性能（除定伸应力减小和拉断伸长率增大外）和动态力学性能基本不受影响;成品轮胎的高速性能、耐久性能、滚动阻力和室外磨耗性能不受影响。     

Short sisal fiber‐reinforced tire rubber composites: Dynamic and mechanical properties

The world tendency toward using recycled materials demands new products from vegetable resources and waste polymers. In this work, composites made from powdered tire rubber (average particle size: 320 μm) and sisal fiber were prepared by hot‐press molding and investigated by means of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and tensile properties. The effects of fiber length and content, chemical treatments, and temperature on dynamic mechanical and tensile properties of such composites were studied. The results showed that mercerization/acetylation treatment of the fibers improves composite performance. Under the conditions investigated the optimum fiber length obtained for the tire rubber matrix was 10 mm. Storage and loss moduli both increased with increasing fiber content. The results of this study are encouraging, demonstrating that the use of tire rubber and sisal fiber in composites offers promising potential for nonstructural applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 670–677, 2004     

Impact of processing conditions and sizing on the thermomechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/carbon fiber composites fabricated by material extrusion additive manufacturing

For the 3D printed composites, fiber alignment is affected by the direction of melt-flow during extrusion of filaments and subsequently through the printing nozzle. The resulting fibers orientation and the fiber-matrix compatibility have a direct correlation with mechanical properties. This study investigates the impact of processing conditions on the state of the carbon fiber types and their orientation on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed composites. Short and long carbon fibers were used as starting reinforcing materials, and the state of fibers at the beginning and on the printed parts were evaluated. Strong anisotropy in terms of mechanical properties (flexural and impact properties) was observed for the samples printed with different printing orientations. Interestingly, the number of voids in the printed composites was found to be correlated with the fiber types. The present work provides a step towards the optimization of tailored composite properties by additive manufacturing.     

Mechanical properties and foaming behavior of cellulose fiber reinforced high‐density polyethylene composites

This article investigates the effects of fiber length and maleated polymers on the mechanical properties and foaming behavior of cellulose fiber reinforced high‐density polyethylene composites. The results from the mechanical tests suggested that long fibers provided higher flexural and impact properties than short fibers. In addition, the maleated high‐density polyethylene increased flexural strength significantly, while the maleated thermoplastic elastormers increased notched Izod impact strength dramatically. On the other hand, the results from the extrusion foaming indicated that the composites with long and short fibers demonstrated similar cell morphology, i.e., a similar average cell size and cell size distribution. However, the addition of maleated high‐density polyethylene caused an increase of the average cell size and cell size distribution in the composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

阻燃PA66复合材料翘曲性能研究

对比研究了无玻璃纤维、普通圆形玻璃纤维、扁平玻璃纤维对溴系阻燃聚酰胺66(PA66)复合材料的翘曲性能影响,分别从力学性能、结晶性能、收缩率和横向/纵向收缩率比等因素阐述复合材料翘曲性能.结果表明,相同阻燃剂含量条件下,不加玻璃纤维复合材料的结晶度最高,横向收缩率与纵向收缩率最大,但横向/纵向收缩率比最小,复合材料翘曲...     

Characterization of bulk agro‐green composites: Sisal fiber reinforced wheat flour thermoplastics

Starch based thermoplastic composites reinforced by short sisal fibers having length less than 1 mm were fabricated by extrusion followed by compression molding. The sisal fiber content varied from 0 to 10% w/w keeping the amount of glycerol (plasticizer) as constant (23% w/w). Investigation proved that an increase in the amount of sisal fibers will decrease the ductile nature of composites. The Young's modulus and hardness value increases as a function of fiber content. The impact strength varied as a function of fiber content. Contact angle analysis showed that incorporation of sisal fibers to the matrix increases its hydrophilic nature. The polar factor and total surface energy increases as a function of fiber content whereas dispersive factor decreases. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Santoweb~木质纤维素短纤维的性能及其在轮胎中的应用

介绍了Santoweb木质纤维素短纤维的独特结构和性能,讨论了其在胶料中的分散与加工中的取向对未硫化胶加工性能和硫化胶性能的影响等,列举了其在轮胎胎圈包布胶、三角胶、内衬层和胎面中的应用。Santoweb木质纤维素短纤维在降低生产成本的同时可以提高胶料的物理性能,从而改善轮胎性能,特别是胎面耐崩花掉块的性能。     

锡偶联溶聚丁苯橡胶在高性能子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用研究

介绍了高性能轮胎理想胶料的理论基础及溶聚丁苯橡胶（S-SBR）的特性,对S-SBR在高性能轮胎胎面中的应用进行了试验研究。结果表明,S-SBR用于轮胎胎面可赋予胎面良好的湿抓着性、低滚动阻力和高耐磨性,并具有良好的工艺性能,物理性能达到设计要求。     

炭黑活性剂A-233在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究炭黑活性剂A-233在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明：在胎面胶中添加炭黑活性剂A-233,胶料的硬度降低,DIN磨耗量略有下降,阿克隆磨耗体积略有增加;拉伸强度、300%定伸应力也略有降低;扯断伸长率、撕裂强度增大;滚动阻力降低,生热降低;门尼粘度降低,加工性能更好。炭黑活性剂A-233的最佳用量为9份。     

Polyamide‐6 composites reinforced with cellulose fibers and fabricated by extrusion: Effect of fiber bleaching on mechanical properties and stability

We prepared polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) composites using bleached and semibleached cellulose fibers from Eucalyptus species by processing in a corotating interpenetrating twin‐screw extruder. PA‐6 is a challenging matrix because of its high processing temperature, which overlaps the thermodegradation temperature of the fibers. The selection of the processing conditions for extrusion and the use of the lubricant ethylene bis (stearamide) permitted the production of composites with 20, 30, and 40 wt% of bleached fibers, which are lighter than the corresponding glass fiber composites. Composites with 30 wt% of bleached fibers yield the best mechanical properties and good fiber/matrix interaction, as demonstrated by mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies showed that the natural moisture in the fibers promotes the fiber/matrix interaction through the formation of ester bonds. We assessed the effect caused by the presence of lignin in the fibers. Composites containing 30 wt% of semibleached fibers maintained the flexural properties and showed small improvements in thermal stability when compared with bleached fiber composites; however, there is a slight decrease in the tensile properties. Through accelerated aging tests, we observed that increased lignin concentration in the fibers reduced the formation of carbonyl compounds on sample surfaces, indicating a stabilization effect. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:299–308, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

胎面花纹对轮胎性能影响的仿真研究

以ABAQUS有限元软件为平台,建立光面轮胎、周向沟槽轮胎和花纹轮胎的三维有限元模型,分析3种轮胎不同工况下的应力分布。结果表明:静负荷下3种轮胎等效应力分布基本相同,带束层端部受力最大,花纹轮胎整体应力水平最高,光面轮胎最低,但光面轮胎第1带束层应力较高;在静负荷、稳态滚动和侧偏滚动状态下,光面轮胎高应力区均在胎肩部位,而周向沟槽轮胎和花纹轮胎在静负荷和稳态滚动状态下高应力区主要分布在胎肩和胎面中心部位,侧偏滚动状态下在中心沟槽的边缘。