基于提升小波与DCT的自适应音频水印算法

为了达到版权保护的目的,利用提升小波变换计算速度快、离散余弦变换（DCT）后直流系数的听觉容差性强的特点,提出了一种在提升小波域进行DCT的自适应音频水印算法。原始音频信号经提升小波变换后分解为低频子带和高频子带,对其低频子带进行DCT,将水印序列嵌入到DC系数上。考虑到水印音频信号的不可感知性和鲁棒性之间的平衡问题,采用了水印序列自适应调整嵌入。实验结果表明,该水印算法计算复杂度低,且对噪声、 低通滤波等常见信号攻击及恶意替换操作均表现出很强的鲁棒性。     

基于中值滤波的小波域水印算法

提出一种小波域鲁棒图像水印算法,水印信息被嵌入小波变换的低频子带。为检测对视觉不敏感的离散小波变换低频系数,将小离散波变换的低频子带进行中值滤波,并与原小波变换低频子带的小波变换系数比较,对变化程度小的系数嵌入水印信息。实验结果表明,该算法与基于小波低通滤波的水印算法相比,保证不可见性,对压缩、中值滤波、剪切、锐化等具有更强的鲁棒性。     

一种新的基于奇异值分解的小波域盲水印*

目前,如何增强鲁棒性水印抵抗几何攻击尤其是旋转攻击的鲁棒性,仍是水印研究者研究的难点。为此,结合奇异值分解的特性和小波变换的优点,提出一种新的基于奇异值分解的小波域盲水印算法,对于常见的几何攻击具有很强的鲁棒性。首先对小波分解后的低频子带分块以提高水印的嵌入容量,再对各子块进行奇异值分解,将Arnold置乱后的水印嵌入到奇异值中,并使用量化方法增强水印的鲁棒性。实验表明,该算法对于常见的几何攻击特别是旋转攻击具有很强的鲁棒性,也能够抵抗JPEG2000压缩等信号处理。     

基于小波域方向树结构的图像水印算法

在小波变换域中,不同分辨率上、同方向子带内、相同空间位置的小波系数之间有较强的相似性,该文提出了一种基于小波域方向树结构的图像水印算法。该算法利用支持向量机建立小波系数方向树结构模型,通过调整模型的输出值与目标值的大小关系来隐藏水印。提取水印时,不需要原始载体图像。实验结果表明,该算法对常见的图像攻击具有很好的鲁棒性,而且水印嵌入容量大、隐蔽性好、安全性强、性能优越。     

一种基于小波变换的图像盲水印算法

提出一种基于小波变换的图像盲水印算法。在对原始图像进行二级小波变换后的低频子带上通过一定的策略选择感知重要系数作为水印的嵌入区域,并将水印重复嵌入到低频子带中以提高水印检测的正确率。通过对嵌入水印的图像进行加噪、压缩以及裁剪等实验,均能正确检测出水印,且水印透明性好,表明该算法具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于SVD和Radon变换的抗旋转攻击盲水印算法

为了提高传统基于奇异值变换（SVD）的数字水印抗几何攻击能力,提出一种在小波变换域将Radon变换和奇异值变换相结合的抗旋转攻击鲁棒性水印算法。将宿主图像进行小波变换,对变换后的低频子带进行奇异值分解,将经过仿射变换置乱后的二值水印图像嵌入到奇异值中。在水印嵌入操作上采用了奇偶量化嵌入算法从而实现了二值水印图像在水印检测时的盲提取;同时在水印检测之前,利用Radon变换检测算法对待检测图像进行几何校正,然后提取水印信息。实验结果表明,该算法对于噪声感染、滤波、JPEG压缩等常规信号处理的鲁棒性优于传统的基于SVD的数字水印算法,同时对于旋转几何变换具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT的抗RST攻击鲁棒性数字水印

针对现有数字图像水印方法对几何变换攻击鲁棒性不足的问题,提出一种基于离散小波域的抗几何攻击数字水印方法,对图像进行离散小波变换,在其低频逼近子图嵌入水印,通过检测其不变矩实现数字水印检测。由于所选不变矩具有旋转、平移、尺度变换不变特征,因此该方法对几何变换攻击具有鲁棒性。仿真实验结果表明,该方法对普通加噪、滤波、JPEG压缩攻击以及旋转、缩放、平移等几何攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于LWT-SVD的鲁棒自适应水印方案

为进一步提高水印抵抗攻击的能力,提出一种基于量化的混合提升小波变换和奇异值分解的自适应数字图像水印算法。对二值水印信号进行异或加密与置乱处理,以增强水印信号的安全性和鲁棒性;对原始载体图像进行互不重叠的分块,对随机选取的分块进行一级提升小波变换,对生成的低频子带进行奇异值分解;根据水印信号的取值,对每一分块低频子带的最大奇异值采用自适应量化的方法嵌入水印信号。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的透明性和抵抗常规信号处理攻击的能力。     

DWT域抗几何攻击水印算法研究

鲁棒水印面临的最大问题就是几何攻击.小波变换域不具有几何不变性,一个微弱不可察觉的几何攻击就能使小波域水印算法失效.提出了一种新的以特征点作为模板、有效抵抗几何攻击的图像水印算法.它包括:(1)根据小波变换空间各子带呈树形结构的特性,选择每棵小波树中纹理最强的方向子树的树根作为水印嵌入点;(2)根据嵌入点在低频对应位置的能量和该方向子树高频叶子结点的纹理信息确定一种自适应嵌入水印策略;(3)利用Harris-Laplace算子从含有水印的图像中提取出具有几何形变鲁棒性的特征点,将其作为模板;(4)水印检测时,先利用特征点模板通过线性变换恢复几何形变的图像.然后通过统计图像的相关性来验证水印的存在,无需原始图像.仿真实验表明,所提出的水印算法不仅具有很好的透明性,而且对常见的图像处理和几何变换具有很好的鲁棒性.     

一种使用机器学习方法的数字水印算法

针对目前数字水印算法存在的不足,本文将离散小波变换和奇异值分解相结合,提出了一种基于机器学习的图像数字水印算法.首先将载体图像进行一级小波变换,提取其低频子带图像对其进行4×4分块处理,然后对每一分块进行奇异值分解后嵌入水印,并提取特征向量用于最小二乘支持向量机的训练,训练好的最小二乘支持向量机用于自适应最大水印嵌入强度的计算以及水印的盲提取.实验选取三张512×512的标准测试图像以及64×64的二值水印图像对算法的透明性与鲁棒性进行测试.实验结果证明,图像具有很好的透明性,PSNR达到了63.71dB,针对旋转、剪切、JPEG压缩、高斯噪声等常规攻击手段时,算法能保持较强的鲁棒性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。