喷气燃料白土精制后腐蚀的原因及对策

针对长庆炼油化工总厂3号喷气燃料馏分在白土精制后产生银片腐蚀问题,在实验室进行的模拟工业条件的试验结果表明,白土中的痕量单质硫与油中的微量硫醇性硫,在白土的催化作用下反应产生的痕量H2S是导致银片腐蚀的原因。模拟试验还证明,采用石油化工科学研究院研制的RB－01特种吸附剂补充精制,可以解决喷气燃料中H2S产生的银片腐蚀问题。     

浸酸活性炭—白土法精制辽河喷气燃料

长期以来辽河原油生产的喷气燃料一直存在安定性差，储存变色问题。研究发现影响其安定性及颜色的主要原因是喷气燃料中含有的碱性氮化物。在试验基础上，提出了浸酸活性炭－白土联合精制工艺，解决了喷气燃料安定性差及储存变化问题，并形成了工业生产规模。     

采用脱硫醇工艺提高喷气燃料质量

针对目前喷气燃料的质量问题，对航煤精制工艺进行了改造，阐述了对炼油厂喷气燃料精制装置进行改造的工艺原理及工艺流程，分析了改造后的标定数据，结果碱性硫含量、碱性氮含量大幅度降低，经白土精制后颜色全部达到30，经过RB－01后，赛氏比色、水反应、铜片腐蚀、银片腐蚀等项指标全部合格。     

3号喷气燃料银片腐蚀问题研究

中国石油化工股份有限公司北京燕山分公司通过火车发运的3号喷气燃料出现了银片腐蚀不合格的问题,经分析研究,确定造成喷气燃料银片腐蚀不合格的原因是罐车内壁残留的元素硫所致。通过应用铁路车号自动识别系统并采用快速银片腐蚀分析法对罐车底部残油进行分析,可避免装载过化工原料的罐车装运喷气燃料;同时,通过稳定装置分馏系统操作,在出装置前增加固定床脱硫罐并优化脱硫罐运行方式,可确保喷气燃料银片腐蚀合格。     

LSH-03喷气燃料脱色吸附剂工业应用试验

以催化裂化废催化剂为原料生产了LSH-03喷气燃料脱色吸附剂，在中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳石化喷气燃料精制系统上进行了工业应用试验。结果表明，LSH-03吸附剂精制的3号喷气燃料色度合格，储存稳定，使用寿命长，吸附性能已达到并超过颗粒白土。该吸附剂取代颗粒白土后不仅能满足喷气燃料的生产需要，而且可实现废物利用，节约白土资源。     

浸酸活性炭—白土法精制辽河喷气燃料

长期以来辽河原油生产的喷气燃料一直存在安定性差,储存变色问题。研究发现影响其安定性及颜色的主要原因是喷气燃料中含有的碱性氮化物。在试验基础上,提出了浸酸活性炭-白土联合精制工艺,解决了喷气燃料安定性差及储存变色问题,并形成了工业生产规模。     

吸附法精制加氢焦化馏出油试制3号喷气燃料

为扩大喷气燃料资源，满足民航对喷气燃料的需求，对焦化全馏分油加氢后的喷气燃料馏分性质进行了分析，发现碱性氮的存在是影响焦化全馏分加氢后喷气燃料馏分颜色安定性的主要因素。在实验室里采用RA-01和RB-01特种吸附剂的非加氢组合工艺对焦化全馏分加氢后喷气燃料进行精制试验，结果表明，喷气燃料馏分经过非加氢精制后，颜色提高到 29，其它性质未见明显改变，所有性质均符合GB6537-94 3号喷气燃料标准。使用性能评定试验结果表明，焦化全馏分加氢后喷气燃料经过非加氢精制后其组成、橡胶相溶性、动态氧化热安定性、润滑性均可达到使用要求。     

噻二唑型喷气燃料银片腐蚀抑制剂的研究

在实验室研制了噻二唑(DMTD)型银片腐蚀抑制剂，考察了该抑制剂对几种不同喷气燃料银片腐蚀的抑制效果。试验结果表明，该银片腐蚀抑制剂具有良好的抗腐蚀性、稳定性及配伍性，对银片腐蚀为1～4级的喷气燃料，加入0．1～5．0μg／g的该剂后银片腐蚀可达0级，且喷气燃料质量符合GB6537—94标准，对水分离指数、抗磨指数无影响，解决了喷气燃料银片腐蚀不合格问题。     

活性硫化物银片腐蚀性能的研究

为提高喷气燃料的质量，在实验室研究了喷气燃料中不同硫化物对银片腐蚀的性能，结果表明，活性硫化物会导致银片腐蚀，其主要因素是元素硫。硫醇和二硫化物在无元素硫的情况下不腐蚀银片，与元素硫共存时加重腐蚀程度并出现颜色多样性；高浓硫化氢腐蚀银片，颜色主要为紫、红或黄色，金属锈、酸根、洗衣粉等杂质不足以使银片腐蚀超过1级，酸碱度（PH5－9）变化不影响硫化物银物腐蚀级别，非标准汽油含一定量的H2S、S，混入喷气燃料将导致银片腐蚀。     

柴油加氢精制装置生产喷气燃料存在问题及解决措施

对九江分公司柴油加氢精制装置在切换生产3号喷气燃料时银片腐蚀不合格的问题进行了研究。结果表明，喷气燃料携带微量硫化氢且没有有效的脱除是导致银片腐蚀不合格的主要原因。提出了调整加氢精制工艺条件以减少硫化氢的生成、改用氮气汽提、使用不含硫化氢的塔底喷气燃料作顶回流介质以及增设硫化氢吸附罐等措施以更好地脱除硫化氢。采取这些措施后，喷气燃料产品的银片腐蚀达到0级，并且其它性质均符合3号喷气燃料质量指标要求，年经济效益可达64．9万元。     

SURFACE ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CLAY TREATED JET FUELS

The effect of water contamination in jet fuels on the adsorbent capacity of Attapulgite clay to adsorb and retain N compounds was studied. The effluent jet fuel showed the presence of N molecules indicating that the clay, contaminated with water, does not retain N compounds. The GC/MS analysis of spent clay indicated that only quinolines were adsorbed and retained on the clay. The interfacial tension (IFT) values measured at the jet fuel/water interface were found to increase with a decrease in basic N content of clay treated jet fuels. Quinolines and pyridines present in jet fuel are surface active and adsorb on the Attapulgite clay, however, in the presence of water some N molecules adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface. Since pyridines were not found on the spent clay, the results indicate that the pyridines adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface. The tendency of pyridines to adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface will lead to their poor retention on the clay. The presence of N compounds and water contamination in jet fuel might lead to inefficient operation of clay treaters. The jet fuels having the IFT value below 40 mN/m were found to contain basic N molecules and have poor stability. The clay treated jet fuels having the IFT values in the range of 42.6–46.2 mN/m were found to have a good stability. The use of IFT measurements at the jet fuel/water interface provides an opportunity to better monitor the efficiency of clay treatment and the quality of jet fuels.     

SURFACE ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CLAY TREATED JET FUELS

The effect of water contamination in jet fuels on the adsorbent capacity of Attapulgite clay to adsorb and retain N compounds was studied. The effluent jet fuel showed the presence of N molecules indicating that the clay, contaminated with water, does not retain N compounds. The GC/MS analysis of spent clay indicated that only quinolines were adsorbed and retained on the clay. The interfacial tension (IFT) values measured at the jet fuel/water interface were found to increase with a decrease in basic N content of clay treated jet fuels. Quinolines and pyridines present in jet fuel are surface active and adsorb on the Attapulgite clay, however, in the presence of water some N molecules adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface. Since pyridines were not found on the spent clay, the results indicate that the pyridines adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface. The tendency of pyridines to adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface will lead to their poor retention on the clay. The presence of N compounds and water contamination in jet fuel might lead to inefficient operation of clay treaters. The jet fuels having the IFT value below 40 mN/m were found to contain basic N molecules and have poor stability. The clay treated jet fuels having the IFT values in the range of 42.6-46.2 mN/m were found to have a good stability. The use of IFT measurements at the jet fuel/water interface provides an opportunity to better monitor the efficiency of clay treatment and the quality of jet fuels.     

Study of the Desulfurization Effect of the Novel FS-A1 Desulfurizer

Abstract

A thiadiazole derivative as an environmentally friendly anti-corrosion additive was composed to obtain a new desulfurization agent called FS-A1 using the silver strip corrosion test for jet fuel, the anti-corrosion effect was discussed while the inhibitor was added in jet fuel, blending oil-like and the model oil samples, respectively. The results showed that FS-A1 inhibitor had a good desulfurization effect on jet fuel when the volume ratio of desulfurizer to oil was 1.7%, with a desulfurization rate of more than 96%.     

Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel in a Fixed Bed Adsorption Column: Experimental Study and Simulation

Abstract

Desulfurization of diesel fuel was investigated in a fixed bed adsorption column using activated carbon as an adsorbent. The experiments were carried out at different feed flow rates, bed depths, and temperatures, and each experiment resulted in at least one sample containing less than 10 mg/kg of sulfur. Experimental data were used to simulate/predict the dimensions of an adsorption column for potential industrial application of adsorptive desulfurization of diesel fuel. The calculation resulted with a height of adsorption column of 17.32 m and an adsorbent load of 93.5 tons. The calculated column height is within the limits for a typical industrial adsorption column.     

新研制的NCT200O型喷气燃料常温液相精脱硫剂

新研制的NCT2000型喷气燃料常温液相精脱硫剂采用的原料为活性氧化锌、氧化钛胶、氢氧化铝和甲基纤维素。在实验室试验和工业应用一年多的结果表明，该剂的质量穿透硫容为8.8%，压碎强度为46N／cm；采用该剂对喷气燃料进行精制，银片腐蚀可以由3级降至0级，同时未发现精脱硫剂有粉化现象。该剂有推广应用价值。     

喷气燃料储存中生成的胶质化合物的研究

用中性氧化铝吸附和无水乙酸脱附的方法制备了几种喷气燃料的吸附胶质(Adsorptive gum)。通过模拟加速储存试验考察了喷气燃料中生成的吸附胶质。采用色一质联用分析法(GC-MS)和红外光谱分析法(FT-IR)分析了吸附胶质的组成，并探讨了喷气燃料在储存过程中吸附胶质的变化规律。结果表明，变色喷气燃料中的颜色物质全部集中在吸附胶质中，吸附胶质的组成以烷基苯酚类(及其二聚物)和芳香酯类化合物为主。吸附胶质能有效地反映喷气燃料在储存过程中的变质情况，储存中吸附胶质和颜色增加显著，新生成的吸附胶质与储存前燃料中的吸附胶质无显著差别。吸附胶质的产生与喷气燃料在一定条件下的氧化和缩聚反应有关。吸附胶质可能是储存中所产生的不溶物的母体化合物。     

FCC汽油吸附脱硫工艺脱附剂的研究

介绍了洛阳石化工程公司炼制研究所开发的FCC汽油非临氢吸附脱硫(LADS)工艺脱硫吸附剂LADS-A相配套脱附剂LADS-D的评选及开发过程。脱附剂LADS-D能有效地将吸附在吸附剂LADS-A上的硫化物脱附掉。吸附饱和了的吸附剂LADS-A能够在短时间内被脱附剂LADS-D有效再生，恢复其吸附活性。LADS-D脱附剂不仅能有效脱附吸附剂上吸附的杂质，而且有较强的溶解杂质能力，并能使吸附剂长期使用仍保持稳定的脱硫效率，其基本性质与新鲜剂相当。     

EFFECT OF CLAYS AND ADSORBENTS ON THE NITROGEN CONTENT AND THE STABILITY OF JET FUELS

The effect of composition, surface area and pH of different clays and alumina adsorbents on the stability of jet fuel was studied. The stability of jet fuel was tested following the ASTMD 3241 procedure. Under the batch adsorption conditions, clays and adsorbents were not effective in adsorbing polar molecules and improving the stability of jet fuels. Under the column adsorption conditions, the effectiveness of clays and adsorbents in improving the stability of jet fuel was found to vary. Clays having a high surface area and an acidic pH were found to be more effective in adsorbing polar molecules and improving the stability of jet fuel. High surface area alumina adsorbents were found effective in adsorbing basic nitrogen molecules and improving the stability of jet fuel despite having a basic pH. The basic type nitrogen compounds, pyridines and quinolines, were found to affect the stability of jet fuel. The initial effluent jet fuel passed through fresh clays was found to have no N compounds and a good stability. However, the analysis of effluent jet fuel showed a gradual increase in N content reaching the level of N content in untreated jet fuel. The effluent jet fuel reaching 9-10 ppm of N content failed the stability test indicating that clays need to adsorb and retain N compounds. The adsorbent capacity of different clays was studied but no significant difference in retaining N molecules was observed.