基于VC++的无线通信系统分集性能研究

无线通信技术是人类诸多伟大发明之一,深刻地改变着人类社会,多径传播是移动无线信道的主要特征,其引起的信号幅度衰落和时延扩展是影响信号质量的主要因素.分集技术作为一种常用抗衰落技术得到了广泛的应用.本论文拟通过VC++平台,对无线通信系统的选择分集方案及最大比合并方案进行仿真,通过观察BPSK信号通过瑞利衰落信道后单天线和多天线分集系统的误码率曲线图,得出分集系统对通信质量的改善效果.     

基于导频的发射分集OFDM系统的子空间跟踪信道估计

由于发射分集技术可以大大提高系统的抗衰落性能,因此得到了广泛的研究和应用。该文提出了3种基于导频的发射分集正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的子空间幅度跟踪信道估计方法,并分析比较了其估计性能。利用信道传播时延慢变和衰落幅度快变的特点,通过对多径信道的时延子空间和衰落幅度的跟踪,可以部分消除信道估计过程中噪声的影响,大大提高信道估计精度。在信道阶数已知或使用相同秩估计方法的情况下,第3种方法的运算复杂度最低, 性能最好;第1种方法次之,性能最差;第2种方法由于需要进行DFT和IDFT,运算复杂度最高。仿真结果表明,3种子空间幅度跟踪信道估计方法在410-3 误码率时可以提高系统误码率性能1～2 dB左右。     

一种分布式MIMO差分检测方法

本文提出一种无需信道估计的分布式MIMO差分编码及检测方法:发送端将发射符号进行相位差分调制后生成空时码矩阵进行发射,接收端利用前后接收量判断相位信息恢复出发送端数据信息.本文将该方法在不同信道传播时延场景下进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,在相同E_b/N₀情况下,不同信道传播时延对应的误码率性能不同:在信道传播时延从0.1T_s到0.9T_s的变化过程中,误码率随信道传播时延的增大先降低后升高,当信道传播时延为0.6T_s左右误码率达到最低,存在使系统误码率性能较好的信道传播时延.     

随机多径信道中分集合并技术的抗衰落抗干扰性能

本文分析计算了在有同频道干扰和延时扩展多径干扰的快衰落信道中采用差分检波后分集合并的角调制系统的误码率特性。利用求留数的方法由合并输出的特征涵数导出其概率密度函数,进而得到一类统一的误码率公式。结果表明,分集合并技术不仅是一种有效的抗衰落措施,而且对抗同频道干扰和随机FM噪声干扰都非常有效。尤其当采用L-重分集时,由随机FM噪声引起的残留误码率被减小到无分集单一支路时的L次幂。但是合并接收不足以克服延时扩展多径干扰的影响。特别在大时延和强干扰的情况下,要有效克服延时多径所引起的码间干扰,还应配合使用纠错编码和自适应均衡等技术。     

多径衰落信道下MC-CDMA系统性能分析

该文提出了一种改进的MC-CDMA方案,该方案取发射的符号周期为切普周期的整数倍,允许各子载波经历多径衰落信道,消除了原方案对切普周期和符号周期的限制,并在接收端可对多径信号进行分离。推导出了在多径衰落信道下改进方案的误码率(BER)表达式,并通过计算机仿真进行了验证。与典型的MC-CDMA方案相比,改进的方案不但又获得了多径分集增益,还使系统的性能得到了显著的改善。     

水声信道的计算机仿真研究

简要分析水声信道的传播特性,建立水声时变多径信道的数学模型,给出一种水声信道的多径传播的计算机仿真方法。通过仿真结果,分析水声信道多径传播的特点,有助于对水声信道的了解及相关问题的设计。     

基于循环延迟分集的分组预编码和空时频编码技术

该文提出一种把循环延迟分集应用在分组线性预编码的新方案。该方案首先应用循环延迟分集来虚拟一个多径时延扩展的信道,在此基础上应用分组线性预编码以获得频率分集增益。该方案的译码复杂度相对较低,可以针对不同的信道模型有相应的编码方案,至少能获得与空时编码同样的分集增益M(M为发射天线数),且信道估计相对简单,不降低传输码率。该方案结合空时分组码可构造出新的空时频编码方案。仿真结果表明,该方案具有良好的译码性能。     

基于时延分集的MIMO多径信道盲估计算法

发送时延分集在空时编码中是一种有效可行的方法。本文提出了一种基于发送时延分集的多径信道估计方法,指出如果发送时延大于信道时延,多输入多输出（MIMO）信道可以转化为特殊的单输入多输出信道,通过对信道输出进行子空间分解可以估计出信道参数。仿真结果显示了本文算法的有效性。     

Raleigh多径信道下自适应OFDM系统性能分析

在Raleigh信道下对自适应调制结合空频分组码的OFDM方案进行性能分析.针对多径传播引起的快衰落问题,在简化为广义稳态非相关散射多径信道的基础上给出改进的Raleigh信道模型,并提出了一种基于信道状态信息的自适应SFBC-OFDM方案,该方法运用了Chow自适应比特分配算法及Alamouti分集算法,并给出自适应OFDM方案与之比较.仿真结果表明,在有信道信息延时的两种条件下增益分别高出了1.3～14 dB和3～17.5 dB.系统显示出较好的对抗多径影响的性能.     

高频电离层信道4F4T4PSK系统性能

本文提出了高频电离层信道４Ｆ４Ｔ４ＰＳＫ通信系统性能分析方法，给出了其误码率表达式。４Ｆ４Ｔ４ＰＳＫ系统在时变信道上传输出为加性噪声和多条具有不同时延，不同频移和不同到达角传播路径信号的总和。误码率表达式考虑了信道中存在的瑞利衰落，频率与时间选择性衰落，四重频率分集及白噪声的影响。给出了该“不可克服误码率”与信道中存在的归一化最大多径时延和归一化多普勒散布的关系曲线，并根据其结果，讨论了该本制对多     

Optimally Interleaved Signals for SFN

This paper focuses on how designing transmit signals improves performance of single frequency networks (SFNs), employing multiple distributed transmit antennas. Considering the effect of multipath fading, pairwise error probability conditioned on shadowing is derived to show that the achievable diversity order of SFNs increases as the number of resolvable channel taps between transmit and receive antennas increases. One transmit signal based on interleaved-partition subcarrier grouping is proposed to obtain the achievable diversity order. Further, we show that different interleaving methods result in different performance due to asynchronous delays caused by unequal distances between distributed transmit antennas and mobile receivers. To optimize the proposed transmit signal, one interleaving scheme, establishing a tradeoff between mobile receivers' location and performance, is introduced in terms of the asynchronous delays. Simulation results are presented in a representative scenario to demonstrate the performance gains offered by the proposed optimum transmit signal. The proposed scheme does not introduce any changes at the mobile receivers.     

Joint decorrelating multiuser detection and channel estimation inasynchronous CDMA mobile communications channels

The asymptotic efficiencies of two decorrelators, path-by-path and channel-matched decorrelators, are analyzed in fading multipath propagation environments, and based upon the analytical results, a new joint multiuser detection and channel estimation scheme is proposed for asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communications channels. In the path-by-path decorrelator, each of the received signals corresponding to one of the multiple propagation paths is regarded as an independent interference source. On the contrary, in the channel-matched decorrelator, each composite signal transmitted from an identical user is regarded as a response of the multipath channel to the corresponding user's spreading sequence. The asymptotic efficiency of the path-by-path decorrelator is shown to drop rapidly as the number of simultaneous users increases. It is shown that the asymptotic efficiency can be made independent of the number of the propagation paths by the channel-matched decorrelator at the expense of requiring knowledge about the fading complex envelopes of all the propagation paths. The proposed joint multiuser detection and channel estimation scheme uses both path-by-path and channel-matched decorrelators. The path-by-path decorrelator is used for providing the channel estimator with the (noisy) channel information path-by-path, and decisions are made on the output of the channel-matched decorrelator. The decision results are fed back to the channel estimator, and used as the reference signals. The received complex envelope of each of the propagation paths is estimated in the channel estimator. Results of a series of exhaustive computer simulations are presented in order to demonstrate the overall performance of the proposed scheme, both in non-fading and fading multipath propagation environments     

MIMO GS OVSF/OFDM Based Underwater Acoustic Multimedia Communication Scheme

An underwater acoustic multimedia communication (UWAMC) system is proposed with 2400 transmission modes according to time-varying multipath underwater acoustic (UWA) channel conditions. The orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) scheme and Gold sequence (GS) scramble code are integrated into multi-input multi-output UWAMC system based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing to achieve the quality of service of multimedia transmission in the UWA channel. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) adaptive modulation, direct mapping (DM) or space–time block code (STBC) transmission strategies, convolution channel code with rate 1/2 and 1/3, and a power assignment mechanism were adopted in the proposed system. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) and power saving ratio (PSR) performance of the STBC strategy with transmission diversity is superior to that of the DM strategy without transmission diversity, and the performance of the BERs and PSRs of the transmission scheme with the GS scramble code surpasses that of the scheme without the code. The performance of the BERs and PSRs of BPSK modulation with a channel code rate of 1/3 is better than that of BPSK modulation with a channel code rate of 1/2, and the performances of BERs and PSRs of BPSK modulation with a channel code rate of 1/3 are better than that of QPSK modulation with a channel code rate of 1/3. As the length of the OVSF codes increases, the UWAMC system’s BERs decrease, and its PSRs increase. The UWAMC system can achieve either maximum transmission speed or maximum transmission power efficiency.     

Linear precoding assisted blind channel estimation for OFDM systems

We propose a novel precoding approach for single transmit/receiver antenna orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems that enables blind channel estimation. A nonredundant nonunitary linear precoder is applied on each pair of blocks before they enter the OFDM system. The structure induced to the transmitted blocks allows for blind channel estimation at the receiver based on simple cross-correlation operations. At the same time, the multipath diversity of the system is increased. An optimal precoding scheme is pursued that, for quadrature phase-shift keying signals results in minimum channel error and asymptotically minimum bit error rate. Analytic performance evaluation of the proposed approach, and Cramer-Rao bound for the proposed channel estimate, are presented.     

基于MIMO-OFDM的高速水声通信技术研究

OFDM技术可以对抗水声信道中的多径传播并能实现高的频谱效率,空时编码技术则能够获得空间增益并对抗信道衰落。文中在分析OFDM同步误差和空时分组编码原理的基础上,将这两种无线新技术应用于高速水声通信中,设计实现了一个基于MIMO-OFDM技术的高速水声通信系统,并着重讨论了系统同步的实现方法。湖上实验证明了方案的有效性。     

New Combining Scheme in STBC Single Carrier Block Transmission System

A new diversity combining algorithm is presented in this paper with high performance in the STBC single carrier (SC) block transmission MISO system with two transmit antennas and one receive antenna. The decision on the transmitted signal is made by STBC-based SC frequency domain equalizer (STBC-SC-FDE), and then the line of sight (LOS) component under Rician fading channels or the component with highest power under Rayleigh fading channels in the received signal is obtained by cancelling the multipath signals reconstructed by the initial detecting solution and the channel impulse response (CIR) from the received signal. Then, the LOS or the strongest component is combined using STBC-like combining scheme. The new algorithm can achieve the performance advantages dramatically over STBC-SC-FDE which is verified by computer simulations carried out in the SUI-4 and TU wireless communication link.     

基于空时处理的水声扩频通信

由于海洋干扰严重,水声通信十分困难。扩频通信技术具有良好的抗干扰性能,能够保证在复杂的海洋环境中进行可靠的通信,常被用于水声通信中。水声信道是典型的相干多径信道。沿不同路径到达的信号具有不同的传播时延和到达角,因此接收信号具有时空特性。即接收信号具有时延扩展和角度扩展。多径信号的相干叠加导致接收信号中存在严重的符号间干扰。为了充分利用水声信号的时空聚类特性,该文设计了一个空时处理器,分别对沿每条路径到达的信号进行滤波。结合时空簇的多样性,可以有效提高通信系统的可靠性。提出了一种基于空时聚类处理的水声扩频通信方案。并在仿真和实验中对该通信方案进行了比较和分析,以验证其性能优势。     

Performance of closed loop transmit diversity in a Rayleigh fading channel

In this paper, the closed loop transmit diversity technology for the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access（WCDMA） systems is investigated in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel. The RAKE receiver model and the weighing vector algorithm are presented. The performance is theoretically analyzed in terms of the average maximal Signal-to-Noise Ratio（SNR） gain available over the Space-Time block coding based Transmit Diversity（STTD） technology. Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that the closed loop transmit diversity can provide a 3dB performance gain over the open loop scheme in a single path fading channel, while the performance gain decreases dramatically with the increasing inherent multipath diversity of the wireless channel.     

异步协同系统频选信道下基于线性预处理的DSTC结构设计

在协同中继系统中,应用分布式空时码(Distributed Space Time Coding, DSTC),可以在有效提高系统效率的同时获得全协同分集。但是,各中继节点的异步传输和节点间的多径衰落会破坏空时码字的结构,使之不能获得全分集。本文针对两中继的异步协同系统,提出了一种频率选择性信道下的基于线性预处理的DSTC传输结构。在此传输结构中,源节点对发送数据块进行预处理后发送给中继节点,中继节点对接收信号进行简单的共轭重排等处理,使得在目的节点形成DSTC的结构。其中,为抵抗异步传输和多径衰落引入的符号间干扰(Inter-symbol Interference, ISI),在源节点处和中继节点处均加入循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix, CP)。于是目的节点对接收到的信号进行DFT处理后,可以运用ML算法对数据信息进行检测。理论分析和仿真表明,当存在定时误差和节点间为频率选择性信道时,目的节点运用ML检测算法该传输结构可获得全空间分集和全多径分集。然后,本文考虑了信道各径延迟为整数倍符号周期的情况,并且证明了该传输结构的分集增益只与节点间信道的有效信道长度有关。      

MFSK水声远程通信技术及试验研究

海洋水声信道是多途、时变和频散的信道。论文针对浅海远程80～100km,设计出基于MFSK高数据率水声远程信息传输最佳系统。本系统经湖试验证表明:该技术在远程通信恶劣条件下具有较强抗多径干扰和信道衰落能力,对同步精度要求低,可实现80～100km,40bit/s,10-4量级通信精度的信息可靠传输,性能稳健,易于工程实现。