一种基于全差分积分器的时钟稳定电路设计

设计了一种用于超高速A/D转换器的时钟稳定电路。利用全差分连续时间积分器将差分时钟信号的占空比量化为电压信号,再通过跨导放大器产生控制电流来调整输出时钟的共模电平,达到调整输出时钟占空比的目的。电路采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺进行设计,工作电压为1.8 V,在2 GHz的最高时钟频率下,将占空比为20%~80%的输入时钟信号调整为(50±1)%,输出时钟抖动小于132 fs,具有抑制时钟抖动的能力。     

电子百科

零延时缓冲器零延时缓冲器是一种可以将一个时钟信号扇出成多个时钟信号,并使这些输出之间有零延时和很低的偏斜的器件。此器件很适合用于要求输入到输出和输出到输入的偏斜极小的各种时钟分发应用中。     

一种高速高精度时钟占空比稳定电路

设计了一种高速高精度的时钟占空比稳定电路。采用全差分连续时间积分器将时钟占空比量化为电压信号,积分器对占空比偏差的累积效应可使电路达到很高的调整精度。采用跨导运算放大器将电压信号转换为电流信号,并加载到输入时钟缓冲器上,改变其输出时钟的直流电平,从而调整输出时钟的占空比,避免了调整输出时钟上升/下降沿带来的较大抖动。采用TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺进行设计,电源电压为2 V。当输入差分时钟频率为1.6 GHz时,可以将占空比范围为20%~80%的输入时钟信号的占空比均调节至(50±0.5)%,且输出时钟抖动小于159.398 fs,适用于超高速的信号处理系统。     

面向电荷泵的占空比可调四相时钟发生电路北大核心

针对传统四相时钟发生电路产生的时钟波形信号易发生交叠、驱动电荷泵易发生漏电等问题，提出了一种占空比可调四相时钟发生电路。电路在每两相可能出现交叠的时钟信号之间都增加了延时单元模块，通过控制延时时间对输出时钟信号的占空比进行调节，避免了时钟相位的交叠。对延时单元进行了改进，在外接偏置电压条件下，实现了延时可控。基于55 nm CMOS工艺的仿真结果表明，在10～50 MHz时钟输入频率范围内，该四相时钟发生电路可以稳定输出四相不交叠时钟信号，并能在1.2 V电压下驱动十级电荷泵高效泵入11.2 V。流片测试结果表明，该四相时钟发生电路能够产生不相交叠的四相时钟波形，时钟输出相位满足电荷泵驱动需求。     

基于Ultraflex ATE差分时钟信号输出的实现方法

本文介绍了基于Ultraflex测试机台的一种差分时钟信号输出的实现方法.该差分时钟信号的实现方法基于Ultraflex测试机台的UP1600数字板卡,可以灵活设置频率、差模和共模电压,在一定范围内可以任意配置.本文实现了基于PATTERN 40 ns周期输出100MHz的差分时钟信号,并且在DUT上进行测试验证,结果...     

基于单片处理器的时钟比对卡

时钟对对卡项目研制的主要任务是把主时钟输出的的双极性归零制串行时钟信号进行译码,为此就需要准确地判断信号帧头,并以一种经济的方式把计算机的时钟校准,项目研制的难点在于帧信号同步头的读出,以及出错处理。     

高速宽带锁相环的相位噪声影响研究

介绍了一种高速宽带锁相环的架构设计和基本原理。设计了双压控振荡器结构,使得锁相环输出时钟信号的频率范围达到6.0~12.5 GHz。基于锁相环的线性模型,从理论上分析了各单元电路的相位噪声对总体输出相位噪声的影响。基于65 nm CMOS工艺,根据各单元电路相位噪声的典型数据,对锁相环的输出相位噪声和等效时钟抖动等参数进行了仿真。结果表明,电荷泵、输入参考时钟、分频器、压控振荡器对整体输出噪声的贡献分别为35.8%、30.3%、18.3%、14.6%,环路滤波器对相位噪声贡献很小。锁相环的整体仿真结果显示,在各种工艺角下,锁相环的输出时钟信号频率均可达到12.5 GHz,高频输出相位噪声带来的时钟抖动均小于1 ps。     

基于NOLM的NRZ信号全光时钟倍频

通过对非线性光纤环形镜（NOLM）透射输出频谱特性的详细研究,发现在一些特定条件下输出频谱中载波谱线会被明显抑制。本文将利用NOLM的这一特性来实现NRZ信号的全光时钟倍频。通过数值仿真对这种方法进行了验证,结果显示,当用同一NRZ信号分束进行适当延迟后作为NOLM的双路泵浦时,输出频谱中出现了增强的信号时钟谱线而载波...     

基于锁相环多相位时钟实现小数分频的方法

介绍了一种基于锁相环的多相位时钟实现小数分频方法,利用一个可配置计数步长的相位选择计数器进行循环计数,计数器的值用来控制相位选择器的选择信号。相位选择器的输入为锁相环输出时钟的多个相位版本,相位选择器的输出既作为相位选择计数器的计数时钟,又作为整数分频器的输入时钟。计数器不断地在循环累加,相位选择器的输出时钟相位随之发生变化。整数分频器的输入时钟被不断地插入了一个相位差,其输出实现了分辨率为0.125的小数分频。最后对电路进行了仿真验证。     

FPGA的trig_in时钟同步总结

信号频率计稳定输出10M的trig_in作为参考信号,FPGA程序根据10M的参考源内部锁相调整TCXO的26M时钟信号。时钟锁定后,通过CCS(DSP的开发环境)控制DSP启动,会影响FPGA的时钟锁定。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks