混凝沉淀—浸没式超滤膜处理东江水的中试研究

通过中试,研究了混凝沉淀-浸没式超滤膜组合工艺处理东江水的效能,并与水厂常规工艺出水水质进行了比较.试验结果表明,采用虹吸方式出水,当液位恒定在2.5 m时,膜通量平均维持在43.5～62.8 L/(m2·h),滤后水浊度＜0.1 NTU,膜出水CODMn为0.80～1.09 mg/L,表明混凝沉淀-浸没式超滤膜技术可以作为处理东江水的有效方法.     

膜混凝反应器处理滦河水中试研究

采用膜混凝反应器（MCR）对滦河原水进行中试研究，重点考察了对污染物的去除效果、膜污染及清洗方式。结果表明：MCR工艺的出水水质符合《城市供水水质标准》（CJ／T206—2005）的要求；在高温、高藻期投加4mg／L三氯化铁后，对CODMn的去除率为44．6％，若同时投加2mg／L的有效氯，则可使对CODMn的去除率提高到53％，且进水水质波动较大时出水水质仍保持稳定；该工艺对浊度、细菌有很好的去除效果；当膜在较高通量下运行时，采用化学在线清洗（即EFM操作）可有效清除膜污染物质，及时恢复膜的过滤性能。     

超滤膜与不同处理工艺组合处理湖泊水的中试研究

为解决水厂现有净水工艺不能适应水源水质恶化的现状,采用国产超滤膜分别处理水厂的炭后水(工艺1)、滤后水(工艺2)和沉后水(工艺3),将超滤膜和水厂现有工艺结合,形成深度处理系统,研究超滤膜组合工艺的处理效能及超滤膜的过滤性能。研究表明:工艺1、工艺2和工艺3对CODMn的平均去除率分别为52.86%、39.62%和34.59%;DOC的平均去除率分别为33.08%、23.60%和18.55%,UV254去除率分别为57.14%,39.66%和35.34%,藻类平均去除率分别为98.71%、97.84%和98.13%,3种工艺出水浊度均低于0.1 NTU,颗粒物粒径2μm的颗粒物控制20个/mL以下。工艺1运行45 d跨膜压差上升6.59%,产水率为98.02%;工艺2膜前加氯0.65 mg/L时,水力冲洗后跨膜压差可有效恢复,稳定运行10 d跨膜压差上升2.91%,产水率为97.63%;工艺3运行20 d跨膜压差上升13.52%,其产水率为97.01%。     

浸没式超滤膜处理高藻水的反冲洗影响因素研究

膜污染是制约浸没式超滤膜高效处理高藻水的关键,合理优化超滤反冲洗策略有助于改善系统整体运行性能。为此,采用截留分子质量为150～300 ku的超滤膜过滤高藻水,探究不同反冲洗方式及排空周期等条件下跨膜压差的变化情况。结果表明,单独气洗在控制跨膜压差增长方面比单独水洗表现得更好;气洗强度越大,跨膜压差的增长速度越慢,当气洗强度为60 m³/(m²·h)时对跨膜压差的控制效果最佳。增加反冲洗强度可能会加剧藻细胞的破裂,造成膜池中蛋白质类物质和溶解性微生物代谢产物的增加。增加膜池排空周期可减缓跨膜压差的增长,当排空周期为12 h时对跨膜压差的控制效果最优。低强度的气水联合冲洗一定程度上能够有效缓解膜污染,这可能与膜表面黏附的污垢减少以及膜池中颗粒物的尺寸增大有关。     

浸没式膜—生物反应器处理市政废水试验研究

通过浸没式膜—生物反应器处理市政废水的小试试验,考察了系统的处理效果、污泥特性、膜污染特性及清洗效果,结果表明:SMBR的高效截留作用可弥补生物处理单元的不稳定性,相比CAS工艺对市政废水有更好的处理效果。     

浸没式超滤膜中试装置直接处理北江水的研究

为了探讨短流程绿色水处理工艺的适用性,开展了浸没式超滤膜中试装置直接处理北江水的研究。考察了超滤膜通量和连续过滤时间两种工况条件对中试装置去除COD_Mn、UV₂₅₄、浊度、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的影响,并分析了它们对膜污染(跨膜压差和荧光性有机物)的影响。结果表明:浸没式超滤膜中试装置处理北江水连续运行69 d过程中,出水COD_Mn和浊度指标均满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006),但对原水中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮基本没有去除效果;增加超滤膜通量和延长连续过滤时间都会显著削弱COD_Mn和UV₂₅₄去除效果,但对浊度的去除率始终保持在99%以上,这归因于超滤膜强大的筛滤作用。中试装置的跨膜压差随着超滤膜通量的增加和连续过滤时间的延长呈现恶化趋势,表明超滤膜污染程度加剧。     

混凝/超滤工艺处理北江原水的低通量运行

通过中试研究了以北江水为原水的短流程、低通量混凝/超滤工艺的除污特性,并借助荧光EEM和紫外可见全扫描吸收光谱分析了天然有机物对膜污染的机理。结果表明:混凝/超滤工艺对天然水体中的颗粒物和有机物有较好的去除作用,对浊度、UV254、CODMn的去除率分别为(99.80±0.15)%、(48.2±6.6)%、(54.1±15.2)%;在运行周期为8 h、水洗强度为60 L/(m2.h)、气洗强度为50 m3/(m2膜池.h)、通量为17 L/(m2.h)时,TMP每天增长0.15 kPa,以60 kPa为终点计算得到化学清洗周期为270 d,说明不可逆污染较轻;造成超滤膜不可逆污染的原因主要是蛋白质或类蛋白类物质引起的膜孔堵塞。     

浸没式膜电化学生物反应器处理印染废水的研究

为实现对纺织印染废水的深度处理与回用,将电化学作用、生物降解作用、膜过滤作用相结合而构成浸没式膜电化学生物反应器(SMEBR)。采用该工艺处理印染废水,控制其参数如下:电压梯度为0.5~1.2 V/cm,通电模式为开15 min/关60 min和开15 min/关120 min,膜出水泵运行模式为抽吸13 min/停抽2 min。经过120 d的分阶段运行,反应器对COD、氨氮、总磷的平均去除率分别为83.7%、86.3%、93.5%。污泥停留时间约为300 d,污泥浓度从起始的2.26 g/L上升至5.25 g/L,污泥比阻测定结果表明,经过电化学作用后污泥的过滤性能显著提高。     

超滤膜前强化混凝预处理微污染原水的试验研究

为了探索适合杨柳青水厂生产运行的强化混凝预处理技术,采用小试和中试相结合的方式,对比考察了FeCl3、硫酸铝(AS)以及两者复配混凝对后续超滤工艺处理效果的影响。结果表明:在相同的混凝剂投加量下,采用FeCl3进行混凝预处理时,超滤膜出水的有机物浓度最低、膜污染程度最轻;而采用AS作为混凝剂时,中试系统的运行效果最差;FeCl3与AS复配的协同作用不显著。     

磁性离子交换树脂与超滤膜联用处理淮河原水

采用磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX)/混凝沉淀/超滤膜(UF)工艺处理淮河原水,考察了对有机物的去除特性以及MIEX预处理控制膜污染的效果.结果表明:UF出水浊度稳定在0.1NTU以下,粒径>2 μm的颗粒数平均为11个/mL,粒径>10μm的颗粒物被完全去除;组合工艺对CODMn和UV254的去除率分别为75.3%和90%,且能有效去除不同分子质量区间的有机物;系统对疏水性有机物(HOM)、弱疏水性有机物(WHOM)、荷电亲水有机物(HIC)的去除效果均较好,去除率分别为94.6%、82.7%和81.3%;组合工艺对三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)和卤乙酸生成势(HAAFP)的去除率分别为90.7%和87.6%;MIEX预处理可有效减缓膜污染,运行期间超滤膜的跨膜压差上升缓慢,经水力反冲洗后跨膜压差就基本得到恢复.     

PAC-UF组合工艺用于引黄水厂深度处理的试验研究

系统考察了粉末活性炭-外压式超滤膜(PAC-UF)组合工艺对引黄水厂沉淀池出水中污染物的去除效能,结果表明:UF膜本身对水中浊度以及藻类等污染物有很好的去除效果,但对有机污染物的去除能力有限.PAC-UF组合工艺对CODMn、UV254的去除率随着投炭量的增加而逐渐提高,但长期运行后去除率随时间的推移呈现出逐渐衰减的趋势.     

浸没式膜工艺处理滦河水的膜污染清洗技术研究

对浸没式膜工艺处理滦河原水过程中采用的三种膜污染清洗技术进行了中试研究.试验结果表明,对膜定期进行反冲洗是防治膜污染的必要手段.EFM操作是防治膜污染的有效措施.EFM执行时间和清洗剂浓度对清洗效果有一定影响,在该试验工况下,EFM执行时间在45～60 min较为合适,清洗剂选择0.41%NaOH和800 mg/L NaClO为宜.化学清洗可使膜性能得到极大恢复,对于高温高藻期滦河水,碱洗效果要比酸洗效果好.操作优化试验表明,化学清洗前进行3次物理清洗可最大发挥物理清洗的强化作用;化学清洗后进行4次物理清洗可避免清洗残留液对正常过滤的出水水质造成影响.     

浸没式方型超滤膜装置处理沉后水的中试研究

以沉后水为原水,研究了方型超滤膜装置的影响因素和处理效果。结果表明,跨膜压差和温度均对膜通量产生影响;随着累计过滤水量的增加,跨膜压差增大;超滤膜组件对浊度的去除效果很好,出水浊度在0．007～0．12NTU,且不受原水水质的影响;超滤膜组件对有机物的去除效果较差,CODM。去除率不足14％。     

Enhanced coagulation in a typical North-China water treatment plant

The characteristics of typical source waters in northern China and their enhanced coagulation features were studied in this paper. Through bench scale tests, a composite coagulant (HPAC) was selected for this kind of high alkalinity and pH water. It can be 30% more efficient in organic matter (OM) removal than the traditional coagulants (AlCl(3), FeCl(3)), and polyaluminum chloride (PACl), especially more efficient in removing high SUVA, hydrophobic and high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (DOM). It is found that some DOM with low SUVA has precedence over that with high SUVA to be removed at conventional dosages in some seasons, and that the priority of DOM removal is in the same sequence for all the coagulants. DOM with high SUVA is not always more easily removed. When applying HPAC as coagulant, flotation process can remove hydrophobic OM more efficiently than sedimentation process in pilot scale tests.     

內压式超滤膜组合工艺处理北江水中试研究

以聚合氯化铝作为混凝剂,采用內压式超滤膜组合工艺处理北江水.结果表明,混凝沉淀-投加ClO2-超滤组合工艺出水浊度平均值为0.062 NTU;超滤能有效截留水中有机物和微生物,出水TOC保持在1.0 mg/L以下,菌落总数和大肠菌群均未检出;但超滤不能截留亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐.与常规工艺相比,内压式超滤膜组合工艺显著缩短了...     

Performance evaluation of different membrane types in the textile mercerization wastewater treatment

This study investigates the performance of three ultrafiltration membranes, i.e. a submerged polyethylene (PE) hollow fibre membrane, a multibore polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and a tubular multichannel ceramic membrane in the textile mercerization wastewater treatment. Experiments were carried out on two laboratory dead end membranes and on a cross flow membrane set‐up using wastewater with and without the addition of MgCl₂ as a coagulant. Investigation into energy consumption was also carried out. According to the obtained results, the submerged membrane could be used as the pretreatment of mercerization wastewater to significantly reduce the amount of suspended solids, to remove organic carbon and to decrease turbidity. The results showed that the tested membranes could be used for the treatment of wastewater from the textile mercerization process in terms of permeate quality. The cross‐flow ultrafiltration consumes far more energy than the dead‐end process.     

预处理对东江原水超滤过程中膜污染的控制作用

以珠江流域东江水作为原水,研究不同预处理(混凝、吸附、氧化)及其组合对水体中有机污染物的去除效果及对超滤膜污染的控制作用。试验结果表明,针对东江原水中天然有机物的去除,聚合氯化铝(PACl)、粉末活性炭(PAC)和高锰酸钾(KMnO4)的最佳投加量分别为20、30、0. 1 mg/L;三种单一预处理方法能够在一定程度上缓解膜通量衰减,而两两组合预处理则能够进一步提高膜运行通量;对于聚偏氟乙烯膜,PACl+PAC组合预处理对膜污染的控制作用最好。对于UV254和蛋白质,PACl和KMn O4对其去除效果优于PAC;对于多糖,三种预处理方法对其去除效果均不佳(<40%),其中PAC略好于PACl和KMn O4。此外,三种单一预处理方法对腐殖酸类荧光物质的去除效果高于蛋白质类荧光物质,而组合预处理能够更加显著地降低这两类荧光物质的响应强度,其中PACl+PAC组合预处理对有机物各荧光组分的去除效果最佳。通过对膜污染物成分的识别分析可知,东江原水中造成超滤膜污染的物质有腐殖酸类、多糖类和蛋白质类物质,而化学不可逆污染物主要为多糖类物质及少量的腐殖酸类物质,化学可逆污染物主要为蛋白质类物质及部分腐殖酸类物质。     

The effect of zeolite treatment by acids on sodium adsorption ratio of coal seam gas water

Many coal seam gas (CSG) waters contain a sodium ion concentration which is too high relative to calcium and magnesium ions for environment acceptance. Natural zeolites can be used as a cheap and effective method to control sodium adsorption ratio (SAR, which is a measure of the relative preponderance of sodium to calcium and magnesium) due to its high cation exchange capacity. In this study, a natural zeolite from Queensland was examined for its potential to treat CSG water to remove sodium ions to lower SAR and reduce the pH value. The results demonstrate that acid activated zeolite at 30%wt solid ratio can reduce the sodium content from 563.0 to 182.7 ppm; the pH from 8.74 to 6.95; and SAR from 70.3 to 18.5. Based on the results of the batch experiments, the sodium adsorption capacity of the acid-treated zeolite is three times greater than that of the untreated zeolite. Both the untreated and acid-treated zeolite samples were characterized using zeta potential, surface characterization, DTA/TG and particle size distribution in order to explain their adsorption behaviours.     

Olive mills wastewater treatment by combined membrane processes

The purpose of this work was to verify the combined application of membranes and adsorption processes to the treatment of vegetation waters coming from olive oil factories. The described pilot plant worked for about 6 months using polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes, absorbing polymers and polypiperazine amide reverse osmosis membranes. The process was optimized so that from wastewater entering with a COD content of about 90,000 ppm it was possible to obtain a COD reduction of about 99% with the recovery of polyphenols to use in alimentary industries and of a “concentrated paste” for oil extraction, phurphurale production or combustion. Also evaluated was the economical feasibility of industrial application calculating that the total cost of the treatment was close to 3 c per liter.