基于碳排放与需求响应的园区IES双层优化调度

以往的综合能源系统供需侧管理研究,几乎完全忽略了电转气的余热回收和用户对天然气的灵活需求。为提高系统整体能源利用率,降低系统日运行成本和用户日用能成本,本文结合可再生能源和电、热、天然气能源的生产、转换以及储能设备,构建了考虑碳排放和需求响应的园区综合能源系统双层优化模型。利用对偶理论、KKT条件及Big-M法,将下层模型转换为上层模型的线性约束条件后求解。模型以系统是否考虑热电联产机组、改进后电转气技术、用户需求响应等,分成不同场景进行实验分析。仿真结果表明,基于电、热、气等能源设备协同供能作用下,需求响应的参与,降低了系统6.7%的日运行成本、用户10.7%的日用能成本及5.7%的日碳排放成本。     

某医院建筑应用冷热电三联供系统的可行性分析

以上海某医院建筑作为冷热电三联供系统计算与分析的基础,对医院建筑的能耗特性进行了深入探讨,引入热电比、热电比频数和热电比时间数的概念,用以反映该医院建筑的冷、热、电负荷特性,得出医院建筑是冷热电三联供系统较合适用户的结论。     

基于大数据的分布式多能源系统最优运行策略研究

一次能源的消耗给生态环境造成了严重的污染,也给分布式多能源系统带来了新的发展机遇。针对这一问题,文中开展了基于大数据的分布式多能源系统最优运行策略研究。通过分析分布式多能源系统的功能结构,在对设备工况特性加以研究的基础上采用大数据样本,以总运行成本最小为目标建立融合天然气、光伏发电、抽水蓄能及热泵机组的分布式多能源系统模型。同时充分考虑了非可再生能源利用、可再生能源消纳与能效转换等因素,提出了一种多场景综合能效评估方法。算例分析结果表明,该方法优先满足了电负荷与冷热负荷,且可再生能源消耗量低至4.52 MW·h,综合能效利用率则高达98.2%。     

基于改进BAS算法的综合能源系统优化调度研究

为进一步改善综合能源系统的经济性,文中针对电、气、热综合能源系统建立了以最小运行成本为目标函数的优化调度模型,综合考虑输送电、气、热输送量上下限,以及各种能量转换设备出力上下限等约束条件.采用改进天牛须搜索(Beetle Antennae Search,BAS)算法对优化调度模型进行求解.算例仿真结果表明,在考虑和不考...     

基于光热电站储热特性提高系统调峰能力优化研究

目前我国三北地区热电机组受到“以热定电”运行约束，严重限制其调峰能力，尤其冬季供热期弃风现象更为严重。为解决高比例可再生能源电力系统供热期调峰能力不足问题，提出利用光热电站联合供热提升热电机组调峰能力的协调调度方法。在分析了光热电站与热电机组的运行特性基础上，研究了光热电站和热电机组联合调峰的电热特性和调峰能力，并根据负荷时段制定了联合系统的调峰运行策略；其次以机组与光热电站综合成本作为目标函数，建立光热联合系统优化模型；最后用CPLEX求解模型，并验证了文中所提调峰运行策略的有效性。结果表明，通过光热电站和热电机组联合运行，使得热电机组“以热定电”的运行约束大大缓解，提高了调节能力，促进系统接纳更多的风电。     

基于GPRS网络的热网远程计量管理系统

热电联产、城市集中供热,是解决城市能源结构和环境污染问题的有效措施,充分体现节约能源、保护环境,是提高能源利用效率、企业经济效益和社会效益的有效途径。本文介绍了热网远程计量管理系统的组成、功能及效果,对系统的通信方式、结构组成、系统运行的网络基础及工艺过程进行了详细分析。     

含冷热电联供的综合能源系统优化调度

针对综合能源系统的优化调度问题,文中考虑了含光伏发电系统、燃气轮机、电制冷机、电锅炉、溴化锂制冷机等能源转换设备的综合能源系统,构建了以系统运行成本及治理二氧化碳所需费用总和最低为目标函数的优化模型,并综合考虑了多约束条件,将模拟退火法融入到粒子群算法中,对模型进行求解,通过相关算例证明了所提模型能够降低系统总成本。仿真结果表明,与基本粒子群算法相比,通过模拟退火粒子群算法求解模型能够有效减少综合能源系统在调度周期内的总成本,对能源的综合利用有实际意义。     

考虑经济性和可靠性的综合能源系统优化配置

“碳达峰、碳中和”已经上升成为我国未来发展的重要战略目标,综合能源系统对能源的梯级利用能为这一目标提供助力。以园区综合能源为基本构架,构建一种含燃气轮机、燃气锅炉、电制冷机、电锅炉等机组的冷热电联供系统优化模型。在此基础上,建立一种兼顾设备优化配置及优化运行的双层系统规划模型,外层采用改进粒子群优化算法,以系统年投资最优为目标进行设备容量配置,内层调用CPLEX以运行成本最小为目标,优化各机组出力。最后利用改进后的粒子群优化算法对所建立的规划及优化运行的多约束模型进行求解,验证所提优化配置能够同时兼顾系统的经济性和可靠性。     

程氏循环,天然气分布式能源的新选择

论述了燃气轮机的发展历史,提高燃气轮机发电功率和效率的途径,STIG循环式燃气轮机系统的优点和国内研究现状。应用STIG循环的分布式能源系统对于我国天然气分布式能源系统建设来说是一个新的良好选择。采用STIG循环系统建设天然气分布式能源项目,原理技术可行,节能减排效果明显。     

考虑碳交易的CSP电站-电极锅炉-热电联产联合供热系统优化策略

由于我国北方弃风光现象严重，为了提高新能源的利用效率，响应我国“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的双碳计划，提出了考虑碳交易的光热电站（CSP）-电极锅炉配合含储热热电机组联合供电、供热的优化策略。电极锅炉是一种高效电转热设备，在促进风电消纳方面具有重要意义，同时CSP电站在平抑风电波动、减少弃风等方面也具有重要作用。因此构建了风电-电极锅炉系统、CSP电站系统、储热系统（TES），通过TES将各子系统与热电机组联系起来构成一个整体，引入碳交易成本对系统进行优化调度建模，并利用YALMIP和CPLEX进行求解。以IEEE 30节点为例进行算例分析，通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。与传统热电联产模型相比，该方法提高了可再生能源的容纳性，减少了碳排放量。     

Lighter fuel-the gas turbine comes of age

Some profound changes are overcoming the technology of electricity generation. A combination of environmental, economic and technical factors is increasingly leading generators to favour the adoption of gas-turbine-based plant. The author discusses the reasons for the increased use of gas turbines and discusses their operating principles. The use of turbine exhaust gases for steam generation of direct heating (cogeneration plants) is also discussed as is the application of gas turbines to base load and gasification plants. Future prospects are mentioned     

Cost–Performance Analysis and Optimization of Fuel-Burning Thermoelectric Power Generators

Energy cost analysis and optimization of thermoelectric (TE) power generators burning fossil fuel show a lower initial cost compared with commercialized micro gas turbines but higher operating cost per energy due to moderate efficiency. The quantitative benefit of the thermoelectric system on a price-per-energy ($/J) basis lies in its scalability, especially at a smaller scale (<10 kW), where mechanical thermodynamic systems are inefficient. This study is based on propane as a chemical energy source for combustion. The produced heat generates electric power. Unlike waste heat recovery systems, the maximum power output from the TE generator is not necessarily equal to the economic optimum (lowest $/kWh). The lowest cost is achieved when the TE module is optimized between the maximum power output and the maximum efficiency, dependent on the fuel price and operation time duration. The initial investment ($/W) for TE systems is much lower than for micro gas turbines when considering a low fractional area for the TE elements, e.g., 5% to 10% inside the module. Although the initial cost of the TE system is much less, the micro gas turbine has a lower energy price for longer-term operation due to its higher efficiency. For very long-term operation, operating cost dominates, thus efficiency and material ZT become the key cost factors.     

Wind of change [gas turbine based CHP]

Innovations in gas turbine technology are promising to transform the business case for small CHP schemes. The author reports on one UK company's perspective of this new market. The company is Southampton-based Bowman Power Systems which has a number of pre-production machines in the 40 to 80 kWe range and is planning the commercial release of its 80 kWe system for the third quarter of 2000. Bowmen has concentrated its development efforts on the electrical components, i.e. the alternator and the power conditioner, relying on a bought in turbine supplied by US-based Elliott Energy Systems. Cogeneration is central to Bowman's marketing approach. The importance of cogeneration is reflected in a distinctive feature of the Bowman design, whereby the heat output can be varied by altering the degree of pre-heating of the delivery air     

Betriebserfahrungen mit einem Brennstoffzellen-Blockheizkraftwerk im Nahwärmenetz der Saarbrücker Wohnsiedlung Nachtweide

In April 1997, the Stadtwerke Saarbrücken AG put a cogerneration plant on the basis of a fuel cell into operation. The plant, which sets a trend for the future, was to provide a supply for a low distance heating network. The operating results until now after around 18000 operating hours have shown that fuel cell technology provides a suitable alternative to traditional methods of generation even for decentralized low distance heating supplies. The behaviour of the fuel cell at partial load, in particular in heat guided operation with an electrical efficiency of 38%–40% offers a significant advantage compared with cogeneration plants with similar outputs operated by natural gas motors. One aspect of central importance, both technical and economical, is the question of the life cycle of a cell stack. The equal drop in cell voltage of around 7% measured up till now in all substacks corellates with the results of other European fuel cell operators.     

Fuel cell systems: efficient, flexible energy conversion for the21st century

At the beginning of the 21st century, fuel cells appear poised to meet the power needs of a variety of applications. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy to electricity and thermal energy. Fuel cell systems are available to meet the needs of applications ranging from portable electronics to utility power plants. In addition to the fuel cell stack itself, a fuel cell system includes a fuel processor and subsystems to manage air, water thermal energy, and power. The overall system is efficient at full and part-load, scaleable to a wide range of sizes, environmentally friendly, and potentially competitive with conventional technology in first cost. Promising applications for fuel cells include portable power, transportation, building cogeneration, and distributed power for utilities. For portable power a fuel cell coupled with a fuel container can offer a higher energy storage density and more convenience than conventional battery systems. In transportation applications, fuel cells offer higher efficiency and better part-load performance than conventional engines. In stationary power applications, low emissions permit fuel cells to be located in high power density areas where they can supplement the existing utility grid. Furthermore, fuel cell systems can be directly connected to a building to provide both power and heat with cogeneration efficiencies as high as 80%     

小型永磁风力发电系统的集成控制策略

针对小型永磁同步风力发电系统,综合考虑风速、负载变化和蓄电池充放电特性的负载跟踪,充电控制策略及其最大风能捕获集成控制策略,通过调节升降压（Buck-Boost）变换器的占空比及使用卸荷负载相结合,来实现风力机最佳运行,就可以实现系统集成控制。     

不同模式下微电网的能源管理和调度优化

微电网在智慧电网中是非常重要的,确保微电网的最佳和稳定运行是非常必要的.本研究根据微电网并网和孤岛运行模式下的优先级和目标,分别实现了两种优化算法.为了在每种模式下实现最佳运行,该方案降低负载,确定光伏发电水平,并调节储能系统(ESS)的充放电水平.在仿真实验中证明了该调度方法的有效性.并且从实验结果可知,所提出的方案...     

微电网多目标鲁棒优化运行

解决微电网中新能源出力存在的随机性与波动性是微电网优化运行的前提和关键。文中将鲁棒优化理论引入到微电网的运行优化中,以运行成本和环境成本为目标构建了含有风力发电、微型燃气轮机、配电网和蓄电池的微电网多目标鲁棒优化模型,并采用基于自然选择粒子群算法对模型进行求解。仿真结果表明,与传统确定性优化相比,鲁棒优化虽然牺牲了经济性,但换取微电网运行的可靠性,平衡了成本与风险的关系;同时多目标优化平衡了微电网的经济性和环保性,为微电网的优化运行提供了参考。     

济钢烧结余热发电技术与变频节能

本文介绍了钢铁行业余热发电现状,阐述了余热发电为钢铁企业创造经济效益和环境效益。并主要介绍了济钢集团研发推广烧结余热发电技术,以济钢400m^2烧结机余热发电系统为实例,与山东新风光电子科技发展有限公司合作,对循环风机实施变频控制,达到在节能项目中实现设备节能的目的。     

汽轮机低真空循环水供热调试方案浅析

汽轮机低真空循环水供热系统一般由热源、一次网、用户系统组成,该系统的运行调试就包括首站调节、外网与用户的调节。针对某厂的供热调试进行了相关的论述。