SiO2/剑麻纤维素微晶的制备及对环氧树脂的改性

通过溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源、乙醇为溶剂、盐酸为催化剂,在剑麻纤维素微晶(SFCM)表面包覆上了一层连续、致密的二氧化硅(SiO2),制得二氧化硅包覆剑麻纤维素微晶(SiO2-SFCM)。采用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对其结构进行表征,并与环氧树脂(EP)复合制备了SiO2-SFCM/EP复合材料,研究了SiO2-SFCM对EP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,SiO2包覆层增强了SFCM与EP之间的界面相互作用,提高了复合材料的力学和热性能。当加入的SiO2-SFCM的质量分数为3%时,复合材料的冲击强度由未改性的16.4 kJ/m2提高到29.4 kJ/m2,热分解温度提高24℃,二氧化硅的包覆率为50%~60%。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备环氧/SiO2纳米杂化材料及其性能研究

以异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷(IPTS)接枝环氧树脂(EP)合成出了一种新型的环氧预聚物(IEP),由IEP通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出了EP/SiO2杂化材料。通过FT-IR、AFM、TG、DMA表征和分析了杂化材料的化学结构、SiO2纳米粒子在EP基体中的分散性和无机纳米粒子的引入对EP树脂热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,原位生成的纳米SiO2粒子在EP基体中的分散性良好,其平均尺度约为50nm;杂化材料的热性能和力学性能相比于纯EP有了很大程度的提高。     

纳米SiO2的加入对PVDF/SiO2超滤膜结构和性能的影响

将普通纳米SiO2、疏水纳米SiO2、亲水纳米SiO2分别加入到聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)铸膜液中,通过相转化法制得PVDF/SiO2杂化超滤膜,重点探讨了SiO2加入量及上述三种类型纳米SiO2对PVDF杂化超滤膜水通量、截留率和抗污染性能的影响.结果表明:膜的孔隙率、平均孔径、水通量、截留率和抗污染性随SiO2含量增加而先增大后减少;SiO2含量为2%时,膜水通量由大至小为:普通纳米SiO2杂化膜、疏水纳米SiO2杂化膜、亲水纳米SiO2杂化膜,抗污染性由大至小为:亲水纳米SiO2杂化膜、普通纳米SiO2杂化膜、疏水纳米SiO2杂化膜.     

聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2织物涂层整理剂的性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2溶胶,将其与聚丙烯酸酯乳液进行复合制备聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合乳液,并将其用于织物的涂层整理。采用动态激光光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)对乳液进行了表征,考察了SiO2溶胶对复合乳液性能以及应用后织物防水透湿性能的影响。结果表明,乳胶粒与SiO2溶胶粒径在100 nm～120 nm,溶胶在乳液中分布均匀;SiO2的引入及均匀分散使成膜的断裂强力提高2倍,断裂伸长率提高6.3%,吸水率基本不变;当上胶量为71g/m2左右时,SiO2溶胶的加入会使涂层的防水性能提高,且透湿量基本不变。     

PP-g-MAH对PP/SiO2纳米复合材料力学性能的影响

为了进一步提高聚丙烯的力学性能,以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为聚丙烯/二氧化硅(PP/SiO2)纳米复合材料的界面相容剂,研究了PP-g-MAH添加量对PP/SiO2的力学性能、微观形态以及结晶行为的影响,并研究了其增容机理.研究表明:PP-g-MAH的加入使纳米PP/SiO2纳米复合材料的力学性能得以全面提高,使纳米二氧化硅与聚丙烯的界面粘结得到改善,并且,由于PP-g-MAH导致复合材料的界面强度提高和界面层厚度增加,使KH-570与PP-g-MAH并用的PP/PP-g-MAH/纳米SiO2复合材料比单用KH-570的PP/SiO2纳米复合材料的改性效果更加明显;PP-g-MAH对PP的结晶过程具有较明显的成核作用,使改性PP的结晶温度提高.     

纳米SiO2/聚氨酯/环氧树脂复合体系的合成及表征

采用活性稀释剂的环氧基团与纳米SiO2反应,以达到对纳米SiO2的表面改性、防止团聚等目的;以环氧树脂(E44)和缩水甘油(Glycidyl)同时对聚氨酯预聚体进行封端,与TDE-85环氧树脂共混,组成纳米SiO2/聚氨酯/环氧树脂复合体系。采用FT-IR、DMA、SEM和万能实验机对体系的相关性能进行表征,结果表明,与纯环氧树脂和聚氨酯/环氧树脂/活性稀释剂复合体系相比,纳米SiO2/聚氨酯/环氧树脂复合体系的相关性能更加优异;加入纳米SiO2的Tg最高为78℃;断面形貌显示体系相容性好且纳米SiO2没有发生团聚;加入3%纳米的SiO2后,体系的拉伸强度和冲击强度达到最高,室温下分别为78.23MPa和50.85kJ/m2,液氮下(-196℃)分别为93.09MPa和62.56kJ/m2。     

二元脂肪酸/SiO2复合相变储能材料的制备与表征

针对适用于建筑领域的相变储能材料,选用癸酸(CA)分别与月桂酸(LA)、肉豆蔻酸(MA)和棕榈酸(PA)复合制备了二元低共熔脂肪酸作为储能材料。通过施罗德公式计算得到二元低共熔脂肪酸的混合比例和理论相变温度。基于CA-MA优异的性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CA-MA/SiO2定形相变储能材料。采用FT-IR、SEM、DSC、TG对CA-MA/SiO2的结构、形貌、热性能和热稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,制备的3种二元低共熔脂肪酸适合于建筑领域。CA-MA较好地被固定在SiO2多孔网络中,储能材料和SiO2之间仅为物理结合,没有新物质的生成。定形相变储能材料的相变温度为20.96℃,相变焓为70.17J/g,相变温度适中,相变焓高,热稳定性好。     

SiO2f/SiO2复合材料与TC4,Ti3Al和TiAl的钎焊

在880℃/10min规范下,采用AgCuTi活性箔带钎料完成了SiO2f/SiO2/TC4,SiO2f/SiO2/Ti3Al和SiO2f/SiO2/TiAl三种接头的连接,每种接头界面均结合良好。接头显微组织结果表明,三种接头组织形貌较为相似,均在靠近SiO2f/SiO2母材的界面处形成了一层薄薄的扩散反应层组织,在该组织中出现了Ti和O的富集。分析认为,钎焊过程中钎料中的Ti会优先向SiO2f/SiO2母材边缘扩散,同时,金属母材中的元素在液态钎料的作用下不断向钎缝中溶解,其中一部分母材中的Ti也会向复合材料母材边缘扩散,两种不同来源的Ti共同与SiO2发生反应生成Ti-O相,根据三种接头扩散层中Ti和O的原子比例推断Ti-O相为Ti2O。三种接头的钎缝基体区主要由白色组织和灰色组织共同组成,其中白色组织中富含Ag,主要以Ag基固溶体形式存在,而灰色组织中富含Ti和Cu,二者结合生成Ti-Cu组织。     

纳米SiO2含量对尼龙6/SiO2纳米复合材料蠕变性能的影响

通过原位聚合法制备了尼龙6/SiO2纳米复合材料。利用扫描电镜观测了复合材料的表面形貌,结果表明,纳米SiO2颗粒均匀地分布在尼龙6基体中。利用电子万能试验机对不同纳米SiO2含量的复合材料进行了短期(24 h)蠕变性能的测试,结果表明,随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,复合材料的抗蠕变性能也随着增大;在30 MPa、40 MPa和50 MPa的应力水平下,纳米SiO2含量为5%的纳米复合材料的蠕变应变分别比纯尼龙6降低了38.4%、61.0%和71.9%。     

SiO2在真空低价氟化法炼铝过程的分布

热力学研究得出:当系统残余压力为100~10 Pa时,SiO2与碳反应在1465~1353 K以上即可生成Si和CO;在1329~1225 K以上即可生成SiC和CO;SiO2和还原剂碳及氟化铝在1464~1353 K以上反应生成SiF4和CO及铝。实验考察了真空低价氟化法炼铝过程中SiO2的分布。XRD表明:SiO2在低价氟化法炼铝过程中有五种走向:(1)被还原成SiC,存在于残渣相;(2)被还原为单质硅,再与还原出的铁生成硅铁,存在于残渣相;(3)SiO2与冰晶石生成铝硅酸盐进入气相中;(4)SiO2与冰晶石生成气态SiF4,再与冰晶石分解的氟化钠形成Na2SiF6进入冷凝相;(5)形成气态低价氧化硅,再在合适温度下分解为单质硅进入冷凝相。     

Study on the non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of PA6/silica nanocomposites prepared by the sol–gel process

A organic–inorganic PA6/partially functionalized silica hybrid nanocomposites was prepared by caprolactam polymerized and silica nanoparticles in situ gernerated through condensation of partially functionalized silicic acid, which was prepared through hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTES), in one process. The non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of pure PA6, PA6/unfunctionalized silica (PA6S) and PA6/functionalized silica (PA6FS) hybrid materials were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two methods, namely, the Avrami and the Mo, were applied to describe the crystallization process of these three materials. DSC results showed that the crystallization rates of PA6FS is faster than that of pure PA6 and PA6S at the same cooling rate, the nano-silica particles functionalized by GPS in hybrid material acted as more effective nucleation agents, and the crystallization rates of all these samples increased with the cooling rate increasing. XRD results indicated that the addition of functionalized nano-silica particles favored the formation of the γ crystalline form.     

Influence of addition of silica particles on reaction-induced phase separation and properties of epoxy/PEI blends

Polyether imides (PEI)/silica nanocomposites, prepared by sol–gel process, were used to modify the epoxy resin (ER), and the effect of silica particles on reaction-induced phase separation and mechanical properties of these systems were investigated. SEM images of the fracture surface of ER/PEI/silica composites showed an interesting morphology transformation with the increase of silica particle content. SEM–EDX results indicated that silica particles once formed in the PEI gradually migrated and concentrated in epoxy-rich region during the phase separation because of the better affinity between silica particles and epoxy resin. FTIR measurement and rheological test confirmed that the silica particles make the polymerization reaction of epoxy faster and the dynamic DSC results demonstrated that the activation energy of these systems decreased with the increase of the silica particles. Mechanical measurements approved that the introducing of PEI/silica nanocomposites into the epoxy could lead to great improvement of the impact strength and storage module.     

取向碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合薄膜制备及结构与性能表征

碳纳米管(Carbon nanotube, CNT)/环氧树脂(Epoxy resin, EP)纳米复合材料中树脂含量、分布、CNT取向及其与树脂间界面结合是制备高性能纳米复合材料的关键因素。为了探究树脂分布和CNT/EP复合材料性能之间的关系,采用浮动催化化学气相沉积法制备的CNT薄膜和EP为原料,通过浸渍、牵伸、清洗和热压固化工艺制备CNT/EP复合薄膜。利用聚焦离子束结合扫描电子显微镜定性表征树脂在复合膜中的分布状态。结果表明,随着树脂含量增加,树脂在复合薄膜表面富集程度增加。在最优工艺条件下制备的纳米复合材料中CNT含量为66.14wt%, 拉伸强度和拉伸模量达到1405 MPa和46.7 GPa。      

Morphologies and properties of polyurethane/epoxy resin interpenetrating network nanocomposites modified with organoclay

Polyurethane/epoxy resin interpenetrating network nanocomposites containing various contents of organophilic montmorillonite (oM-PU/EP nanocomposites) were prepared by a sequential polymeric technique and an in situ intercalation method. Transmission electronic microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy analysis showed that the interpenetrating process of PU and EP increases the exfoliation degree of organophilic montmorillonite (oMMT), and that oMMT improves the compatibility and phase structure of polyurethane/epoxy resin interpenetrating polymer networks (PU/EP IPNs). Tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravity analysis proved that the mechanical and thermal properties of the oM-PU/EP nanocomposites are superior to those of the pure PU and PU/EP IPNs.     

Structural-mechanical relationship of epoxy compatibilized polyamide 6/polycarbonate blends

Polyamide 6 (PA6)/polycarbonate (PC) blends compatibilized with solid epoxy resin (bisphenol type-A) were prepared by extrusion followed by injection molding. The effects of epoxy resin on the microstructure, tensile, impact and compatibility of the PA6/PC blends were investigated. The results showed that both the tensile modulus and elongation at break of PA6/PC blends were inferior as compared to their parent polymers. This resulted from incompatibility between the PA6 and PC phases. SEM observation revealed that the introduction of 0.5 part per hundred (phr) epoxy resin into the PA6/PC75/25 blend yields a finer dispersion of PC phase in PA6 matrix. The boundaries between the PC domains and PA6 matrix became obscure with the incorporation of 1 phr epoxy resin. Such an improvement in compatibility was suggested to be resulted from the formation of in situ epoxy bridged PA6-PC block copolymer in the blend during compounding. Consequently, the tensile modulus, yield strength and impact strength of the PA6/PC 75/25 blend improved considerably with increasing epoxy content.     

原位聚合法制备PA6/SiO2纳米复合材料

以正硅酸乙酯(TEO S)为前驱体,环氧丙基三乙氧基硅烷(W D-60)为改性剂,经原位聚合制备PA 6/S iO2纳米复合材料。利用端基滴定、力学性能测试、DSC、SEM、AFM等手段对材料的结构和性能进行研究。结果表明,经原位改性的S iO2纳米粒子在PA 6基体中分散均匀;与纯PA 6相比,复合材料的平均分子量下降,结晶速度明显加快,结晶度略有降低,材料的力学性能随S iO2加入量的增加而有一定的提高。     

Effect of clay and PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer on the microstructure and properties of cyanate ester/epoxy composite

In this study, processing, morphology and properties of poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly (propylene oxide)-block-poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer and clay modified cyanate ester/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites were investigated. The PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer preferentially reaction-induced microphase separate into spherical micelles in the cyanate ester/epoxy matrix. PEO-PPO-PEO was used as both nanostructuring agent for cyanate ester/epoxy blended resin and thus the predominantly intercalated and few exfoliated platelets of were also observed with clay, which successfully reduced the brittleness of the cyanate ester/epoxy blended resin increasing the toughness of designed materials. The stiffness and heat resistance of the neat BCE/EP resin could be retained in the BCE/EP/F68/clay hybrid nanocomposites. The optimum property enhancement was observed in the hybrid nanocomposites containing 5 wt% PEO-PPO-PEO and 3 wt% clay. The thermo/mechanical properties of the hybrid nanocomposites depend on microstructure, dispersion state and the ratio between organic and inorganic modifiers content.     

Cryogenic properties of SiO2/epoxy nanocomposites

SiO₂/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared using diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F (DGEBF) type epoxy and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) via the sol-gel process. Silica nanoparticles were collected after burning off the matrix resin and the silica nanoparticles were observed using TEM. The cryogenic tensile properties at 77 K and thermal expansion coefficient of the nanocomposites were studied. The tensile properties at room temperature were also given to compare with the cryogenic tensile properties. The fracture surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of silica nanoparticle content have been studied on the cryogenic tensile and thermal properties of the nanocomposites. In addition, the dependence of the glass transition temperature on the silica nanoparticle content has also been examined.     

环氧树脂/二氧化硅杂化材料的制备与性能表征

溶胶-凝胶法制备环氧树脂/SiO2杂化材料,利用FTIR、SEM和综合热分析仪对杂化材料的结构、显微形态及热性能进行了表征.结果表明,杂化材料中SiO2与环氧树脂两相间存在氢键作用;SiO2质量分数＜7%时SiO2与环氧树脂之间无明显相界面,可获得有机聚合物链段与无机网络互穿的有机/无机杂化材料;SiO2质量分数为11%时材料具有最佳耐热性能.