黑龙江褐煤蜡化学成分及其质量研究

褐煤蜡是一种从褐煤中提取的矿物蜡,广泛应用于日用化工、精密铸造、造纸、印刷等领域。前期研究表明,相同生产工艺条件下,褐煤蜡化学成分会因其原料产地的不同呈现一定差异,从而使褐煤蜡表现出不同的物理化学性质。为对比研究我国褐煤蜡系列产品与国外对应产品的品质区别,文章利用气相色谱及气质联用法分别对我国黑龙江宝清和德国产褐煤粗蜡,脱脂蜡及精制蜡的化学成分进行了分析,结果显示:黑龙江宝清产粗蜡、脱脂蜡、精制蜡和德国相应产品的化学成分组成基本一致,但粗蜡和脱脂蜡中一些成分的含量略有差异,中药指纹图谱技术表明黑龙江宝清产精制蜡中化学成分及各成分含量与德国同类产品的无明显差异(相似度为0.988),说明我国黑龙江宝清产褐煤蜡系列产品与德国同类产品的品质基本一致。     

褐煤蜡生产和销售中急待解决的问题

<正> 一、我国褐煤蜡的构成性能、用途和质量标准褐煤蜡有两大品种,即普通褐煤蜡和浅色褐煤蜡。普通褐煤蜡主要由C_(20)-C_(34)的蜡酸、蜡醇及它们的酯所构成,还有少量萜烯类、树脂酸、地沥青等。普通褐煤蜡是棕黑色固体,无毒、无味、熔点高、光泽好,能溶于多种有机     

褐煤蜡提取与纯化研究进展

作为褐煤生产的附产物,褐煤蜡具有较高的使用价值。介绍了褐煤蜡及其应用发展前景,阐述了国内外褐煤蜡的发展历史,并从粗蜡提取、脱树脂、氧化精制三个方面对褐煤蜡的研究进展进行综述。     

用非苯溶剂从稔子坪煤中萃取褐煤蜡

本文采用正交试验法考查了混合溶剂及工艺条件对褐煤蜡产率和质量的影响。试验结果表明：采用乙醇／汽油混合溶剂萃取褐煤蜡，能得到较高的粗蜡产率。     

精制褐煤蜡的化学组成及其研究方法

用铬硫混酸或碱金属重铬酸盐及硫酸等对粗褐煤蜡进行氧化所得产物称为精制褐煤蜡,也称酸性褐煤蜡、S蜡,L蜡、R蜡等。精制褐煤蜡一般呈淡黄色,具有良好的物理化学性能,如熔点高、硬度大、光亮度好等,可广泛应用于轻工日化等行业。本文就国内外近期有关精制褐煤蜡化学组成的研究情况作一综合述评。 褐煤蜡是一种组成非常复杂的混合物。     

建筑木材防腐用褐煤蜡抽提试验研究

褐煤蜡对硼基木材的腐烂真菌具有良好的抑制性能,为解决建筑木材防腐性能需求高和褐煤资源利用价值低的问题,本文以黑龙江某褐煤为原料,在原煤煤质特征表征基础上,分别以乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二甲苯、环己烷为抽提剂抽提褐煤蜡。研究表明：原煤属“年轻褐煤”,以乙酸乙酯为抽提剂,在褐煤水分为9.18%、抽提固液比为1:5、抽提温度为60℃、抽提时间为4h的条件下,获得抽提产率为1.86%,抽提率为54.39%的褐煤蜡,其中主要含有长链脂肪酸、酯类等化合物,为我国建筑木材防腐用褐煤蜡的生产提供技术参考。     

乙酸乙酯提取褐煤蜡的实验研究

本文采用乙酸乙酯为提取剂,实验研究了从年轻褐煤中萃取褐煤蜡的新工艺。通过探究褐煤含水量、料液比、反应温度和反应时间对褐煤蜡萃取率的影响,确定了该方法的最佳萃取实验条件。当褐煤含水量为14.24%,料液比为1∶3,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为120min时褐煤蜡的萃取率最高,萃取品质最好。并对制得褐煤蜡的熔点、树脂含量、酸值、皂化值和灰分等质量指标进行了测定。     

褐煤蜡苯溶液的分光光度测定

前言褐煤蜡在我国的生产历史已有20余年了,但在生产过程中缺乏准确快速的分析方法。褐煤蜡是用苯做溶剂从褐煤中抽提出来的。在抽提过程中,抽提液的浓度,一般都未控制。有时凭经验肉眼观察,既不准确又不可靠。为了加强技术管理及时掌握抽出液的浓     

褐煤蜡酸钙的合成与表征

以褐煤蜡酸和氢氧化钙为原材料,通过转矩流变仪熔融合成褐煤蜡酸钙。考察了温度以及转速对目标产物合成的影响。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析仪（TG）、元素分析仪分别对目标产物进行了分析和表征,结果表明合成了目标产物褐煤蜡酸钙。     

褐煤蜡酸钠的合成与表征

以褐煤蜡酸和氢氧化钠为原料,石油醚为溶剂,费托蜡钠离聚物为催化剂,合成褐煤蜡酸钠。考察了工艺条件对褐煤蜡酸钠合成的影响。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和元素分析对目标产物进行表征。结果表明,在氢氧化钠和褐煤蜡酸用量固定的情况,石油醚、反应原料、催化剂质量之比为6:1:0.02,反应温度为130℃,反应时间4 h合成出了浅色、酸值合格的产物,表征结果证明其为目标产物。     

Zur Kenntnis der Wachsbaustein des Montanwachses II: Hydroxysäuren

Constituents of Montan Wax II: Hydroxy Acids The group of hydroxy acids which occur in a large number of natural waxes as condensing component of the ester wax part were found in Montan wax as well and were studied closely. The methyl esters of the total acids were treated with succinic anhydride and the resulting hydrogen succinates of the methyl esters of hydroxy acids separated by means of an anion exchanger.     

Montanwachsveredelung in Polen

Montan Wax Processing in Poland The industrial processes of montan wax raffination by HNO₃ and Na₂Cr₂O₇, of the two step oxidation by Na₂Cr₂O₇ and further modifications of the obtained acid waxes MR and R by partial esterification and neutralization are dealt. By means of ion exchange and adsorption chromatography the free and esterified wax acids, alcohols and hydrocarbons were separated from the wax R. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the single components was carried out by gas chromatography.     

KQ-1缓蚀阻焦剂在糠醛精制装置防腐中的应用

KQ 1缓蚀阻焦剂与铁结合形成配位键,在金属表面形成一层吸附层,起到缓蚀阻焦的作用。该剂具有碱性,可以与糠酸形成络合物,使糠酸绝大部分从脱水塔底脱除,使糠醛精制装置的腐蚀与结焦减轻。详细介绍了KQ 1缓蚀阻焦剂在南阳石蜡精细化工厂的应用效果,对同行业相同装置有一定的借鉴意义。     

影响热压铸产品流蜡的因素探讨

低压注射成型即热压铸成型工艺是精密陶瓷成型方法中较常见的一种工艺方法,其中成型后产品的脱蜡工序是整个生产工序中较重要的一个环节,在此环节币容易出现产品“流蜡”缺陷。本文从产品排蜡的机理分析了影响排蜡过程中导致流蜡的几个影响因素。     

Effects of lubricants on the rheological and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites

The lubricant is an indispensable agent used in wood plastic composites (WPCs) to improve the processing flowability, especially with high wood content. Here, the effects of different lubricating systems on the rheological and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites are investigated. Additionally, several theoretical models are used to describe the rheological behavior. The results show that stearic acid (SA), semirefined paraffin wax (Wax), and zinc stearate (ZnSt) can decrease the equilibrium torque, complex viscosity, relaxation time, and flow activation energy of the composite melts. Compared to a single lubricant, the combination of Wax and SA lubricants exhibits lower values and the composite with 3 wt % SA and 1 wt % Wax has the best lubricating effect. The synergistic effect of the combined SA and Wax lubricants further decreases the interactive force between the molecules, indicating that multifunctional lubricating systems play a predominant role in WPCs and improve the overall processing properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47667.     

Zur Kennzeichnung natürlich vorkommender gesättigter Wachssäuren und Wachsalkohole mittels Thermo-Mikromethoden

Characterization of Naturally Occuring Saturated Wax Acids and Wax Alcohols by Thermo-micro Methods Thermo-microchemical data e. g. melting point, eutectic temperature, refractive index and critical solution temperature for the wax acids and wax alcohols are presented. Ethylene carbonate is suggested as a test liquid for the fatty acids as well. With the help of the presented data, especially the critical solution temperature, it is possible to identify the acids and alcohols under investigation.     

Über das Fenchelölwachs

Studies on the Wax of Fennel Seed Oil Wax isolated from fennel seed oil was analyzed. It contains 2.8% unsaturated fatty acids (C₁₅–C₁₈) and 97.2% saturated fatty acids (C₁₃–C₂₂). In this investigation chemical, ion-exchange, adsorption and gas-liquid chromatographic methods were employed.     

C9—MA树脂Na2CO3皂化方法的研究

对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３皂化Ｃ９－ＭＡ树脂的方法进行了研究。加入石蜡可改变Ｃ９－ＭＡ树脂的皂化效果,讨论了石蜡、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和水的加入量、水的硬度、皂化温度及搅拌速度对Ｃ９－ＭＡ树脂皂化及形成乳液的影响。用这种方法制成的Ｃ９－ＭＡ乳液粒度小、稳定性好。并给出了这种乳液在造纸上的应用结果。     

A new method for the determination of wax precipitation from non-diluted crude oils by fractional precipitation

Wax precipitation is one of the most important flow assurance problems. Unfortunately, experimental data are very scarce to confirm existing models for prediction of such precipitation problem. This work reports a new experimental method. Multistage fractional wax precipitation was carried out by decreasing the temperature of crude oil. No solvent dilution was used, so the effect of solvent on temperature wax precipitation was avoided. The reproducibility of the method was tested with comparable results. The precipitation curve and the wax appearance temperature were obtained for two crude oils with different chemical nature using the reported method.