Design and implementation of an adaptive inverse controller for a micro-permanent magnet synchronous motor control system

An adaptive inverse controller design for a micro-permanent magnet synchronous motor control system is proposed. The adaptive inverse controller is constructed by using an adaptive model and an adaptive controller. The parameters of the adaptive model and adaptive controller are on-line tuned. By using the proposed adaptive inverse controller, the transient responses, load disturbance responses and tracking responses of the control system are improved. To detect the shaft rotor position, a micro-encoder is attached with the micro-permanent magnet synchronous motor. The micro-encoder provides only 100 pulses/revolution because of its space limitation. As a result, the resolution of the position signal and speed signal is not good enough. In order to improve the resolution, a state estimator is proposed here. By using the proposed state estimator, the control system can be operated from 1 to 25 000 r/min. The adaptive inverse control algorithm and the state estimation algorithm are executed by a digital signal processor, TMS320F28335. In addition, the proposed adaptive inverse control algorithm can be applied to the position control for the micro-permanent magnet synchronous motor as well. Several experimental results validate the theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed system has good performance including transient responses, load disturbance responses, and tracking responses.     

Very low speed performance of active flux based sensorless control: interior permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control versus direct torque and flux control

This study is focused on very low speed performance comparison between two sensorless control systems based on the novel 'active flux' concept, that is, the current/voltage vector control versus direct torque and flux control (DTFC) for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives with space vector modulation (SVM), without signal injection. The active flux, defined as the flux that multiplies iq current in the dq-model torque expression of all ac machines, is easily obtained from the stator-flux vector and has the rotor position orientation. Therefore notable simplification in the rotor position and speed estimation is obtained. For IPMSM, a stator-flux observer is employed based on combined current and voltage models, with speed-dependent smooth transition between them using a PI compensator of flux error. Comparative experimental results using both sensorless control systems are presented to verify the principles and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the active flux observer at very low speeds from 20 to 2 rpm (1-0.1 Hz).     

基于Lyapunov新型永磁同步电机速度辨识

无速度控制是永磁同步电机控制系统的一个热点,本文以永磁同步电机本身为参考模型,变换电机的数学模型构建可调模型,设计Lyapunov稳定理论,保证系统稳定条件下推导出转速自适应律算法,本方案动态性能好,理论上能充分保证系统稳定,并将其应用在永磁同步电机矢量控制系统当中,通过仿真得到结果验证了本方案的正确性和可行性同时与基于POPOV理论的模型参考自适应方案的仿真结果进行比较,分析研究本方案的优劣。     

电机无速度传感器控制技术在包装生产线中的应用

目的 为提高自动化包装生产线的产品效率和质量,简化传动系统结构,改善永磁同步电机控制系统性能。方法 提出一种基于滑模观测器的无速度传感器控制技术,建立永磁同步电机数学模型。在此基础上,设计一种滑模自适应观测器,可用于观测定子电流和转子磁链,同时给出一种I/F启动策略。通过仿真和实验对系统性能进行验证。结果 仿真和实验结果表明,所述控制方法不仅可以解决电机启动问题,而且采用滑模观测器能够较好地实现转速跟踪,进而确保转子位置准确性。在实际应用中,可将横封横切机构的切点偏差控制在0.4mm以内,平均偏差只有0.2mm。结论 无速度传感器控制系统具有响应速度快、调速性能好、鲁棒性强等特点,可以确保电机速度、位置控制精度,进而降低整个控制系统的冗余性、不稳定性,适合包装、仿真、印刷等场合使用。     

Direct torque and flux control of an IPM synchronous motor drive using a backstepping approach

A novel direct torque and flux controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive using an adaptive backstepping technique is presented. Closed-loop regulation of the speed, torque and stator flux linkage is achieved by a non-linear controller. Using Lyapunov analysis, the stability of the controller is guaranteed. The reference voltage vectors are generated by a space vector modulation (SVM) unit, which replaces the switching table in the conventional direct torque control (DTC) scheme. While retaining its main advantages, the proposed backstepping controller features reduced torque and flux ripples as compared to the classical DTC. On the one hand, a comparison with the proportional-integral (PI) direct torque and flux control (DTFC) scheme shows that the proposed approach is superior. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于DSP的永磁同步电机调速系统设计

本文进行了24V／70W的永磁同步电机调速系统的硬件控制器设计和软件程序编写及相关实验。首先对DSP及其与电机控制相关的功能和结构进行介绍;然后说明永磁同步电机控制系统的硬件电路构成及设计方法,并给出系统的软件实现方法;最后对电机进行控制实验并给出实验结果,为实现永磁同步电机的各种控制策略奠定了实验基础。     

基于改进型自抗扰控制的永磁同步电机伺服控制

目的 解决传统包装机械存在的包装速度慢、包装质量堪忧等问题,满足包装机械的高效率、高精度等要求,提高食品包装的自动化水平和包装企业的经济效益。方法 对具有较大潜力的永磁同步电机,进行控制器和控制方法的研究与改进,并最终选定自抗扰控制器,对自抗扰控制器中非光滑函数fal进行改进得到连续平滑的tal函数,使其减小在原点周围的颤振,并且基于tal函数重新设计非线性状态误差反馈率和扩张状态观测器,以取得对永磁同步电机更好的控制效果。结果 仿真表明,tal函数比fal函数具有更好的平滑性和连续性。基于改进型自抗扰控制的永磁同步电机具有更好的动态性能、稳态精度、抗扰能力和跟踪能力。结论 文中优化后的永磁同步电机伺服控制系统,适用于高精度、负载变动频繁的场合,能够有效地提高包装自动化水平,满足高效率、高精度的包装行业要求。     

基于电流解耦的表贴式永磁同步电机无源控制研究

为了提高表贴式永磁同步电机的电流环频率响应能力和转速响应性能,针对其无源控制器设计过程中因d轴、q轴电流存在耦合而造成期望互联矩阵未知参数过多的问题,结合电压前馈解耦控制,提出了一种基于电流解耦的无源控制器新型设计方法。首先,根据能量平衡原理和电压前馈解耦控制,构建基于电流解耦的表贴式永磁同步电机端口受控耗散哈密顿系统（port control Hamilton system with dissipation, PCHD）模型。然后,通过互联和阻尼配置的无源控制（interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control, IDA-PBC）方法,完成表贴式永磁同步电机无源控制器的设计,并在设计过程中引入了电压前馈解耦控制,消除了d轴、q轴电流的耦合关系,使期望互联矩阵的未知参数由3个减少为1个。最后,搭建表贴式永磁同步电机测试平台进行实验验证。实验结果表明,当表贴式永磁同步电机的电流环采用基于电流解耦的无源控制器时,q轴电流响应频率由小于250 Hz增大为大于333 Hz;额定转速下的转速响应时间由0.16 s减小为0.11 s,超调量由2.0%减小为0.6%,稳态误差由5.98 r/min减小为1.15 r/min。研究结果可为永磁同步电机的无源控制器设计提供新思路。     

Sensorless permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive using a reduced-order rotor flux observer

A sensorless permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive is developed. A second-order Luenberger observer is used to estimate the position of the rotor flux and hence the rotor speed. The observer is computationally efficient as it has a simple structure and does not involve mechanical parameters. An integral-feedback method is adopted for the estimation of the rotor speed. The inner current loop is realised using a decoupling and diagonal internal model control algorithm. Details of the sensorless control system are given and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiments. Satisfactory estimation accuracy is obtained even when the drive operates at very low speeds and also during rotor speed reversals.     

Initial rotor position estimation and sensorless direct torque control of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors considering saturation saliency

For a practical direct torque-controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, the information of the initial rotor position, which is usually obtained by a mechanical position sensor, is essential for starting under the full load. To avoid the disadvantages of using mechanical position sensors, great efforts have been made on the development of sensorless control schemes. An initial rotor position estimation strategy is presented for a DTC PMSM drive based on a nonlinear model of PMSM incorporating both structural and saturation saliencies. In the new scheme, specially designed high-voltage pulses are applied to amplify the saturation saliencies. The peak currents corresponding to the voltage pulses are used, in combination with the inductance patterns, to determine the d-axis position and the polarity of the rotor. The presented initial rotor position identification strategy has been implemented in a sensorless DTC drive for a surface-mounted PMSM. Experiments are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the method and the performance of the drive system.     

Parametric variance consideration in speed control of single-phase flux reversal machine

The new flux reversal machine (FRM) has a simple robust rotor with a permanent magnet installed stator. However, the parameters of the FRM are dependant on the position of the rotor, operating temperature and magnetic saturation of the motor core. To obtain a robust performance in the speed control of the single-phase FRM, a control method that introduces an internal model of the motor is suggested for robustness against parameter variance and disturbance. The suggested control method is verified by both computer simulation and experiments and it is applied for popular AC induction/synchronous machines for their robust performance.     

Nonlinear-controller design for an interior-permanent-magnet synchronous motor including field-weakening operation

The paper proposes a nonlinear adaptive backstepping speed controller which can be used in both the constant-torque region and the field-weakening region for an interior-permanent-magnet synchronous motor. By using the proposed method, the adjustable speed range can be extended to 1.6 times that of the base speed. In addition, the d-axis current is suitably adjusted to increase the output torque of the interior-permanent-magnet synchronous motor. A DSP-based fully digital speed-control system is implemented. The DSP is used to execute the current and the nonlinear speed-loop control algorithms. The implemented system has satisfactory performance, including good transient responses, good load-disturbance-rejection responses, and good tracking ability. Several experimental results validate the theoretical analysis.     

基于新型趋近律的永磁同步电机动态性能优化

目的 提高永磁同步电机作业时的响应精度和速度,优化其动态反馈性能,解决传统滑模控制中趋近时间与系统抖振相矛盾的问题。方法 采用三闭环控制结构,位置环与电流环采用模糊PID控制方法,速度环采用基于新型趋近律的改进滑模控制方法,添加扰动观测器并给予系统扰动补偿。结果 仿真与在环硬件测试结果表明,文中提出的控制方法与传统三闭环滑模控制相比,相同时间内电机转子位置响应速度提前了0.123 s且无超调,同时明显降低了电磁转矩波动幅度。结论 文中设计的新型趋近律有效改善了传统滑模控制存在的问题,建立的控制系统有效提高了永磁同步电机的响应精度和速度,削弱了永磁同步电机作业时的抖振程度,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Adaptive controller design for a synchronous reluctance motor drive system with direct torque control

The design and implementation of adaptive controllers for a sensorless synchronous reluctance drive system with direct torque control is proposed. Two adaptive control algorithms, which include adaptive backstepping control and model-reference adaptive control, are proposed to improve the performance of a sensorless direct torque control synchronous reluctance motor drive system. A digital signal processor, TMS320-C30, is used to execute the rotor position estimating technique and the adaptive control algorithms. The system shows good transient responses, good load disturbance responses and good tracking responses. Several experimental results validate the theoretical analysis. The advanced controller design for a sensorless synchronous reluctance motor drive with direct torque control is proposed.     

永磁同步电机全速范围内无传感控制策略研究

目的 为了提高自动化包装生产线的产品效率和质量,改善永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统的性能,针对电机运行于低速时反电动势不易检测以及高速位置精度较低的问题,设计一种基于高频方波注入法和改进滑模观测器的复合观测器。方法 在低速时采用高频方波信号注入法来实现对转子位置信息的估计,在中高速时采用改进的滑模观测器来估计转子位置,通过引入双边界层切换函数和可变滑模增益来加快收敛速度和减小抖振,同时设计基于单神经元PI的锁相环用来解析转子信息,进而提高速度和位置,估计精度。结果 通过与单一的算法进行对比分析,发现复合观测器的位置估算精度得到了提高。结论 Matlab/Simulink仿真实验以及实物验证结果表明,和传统的算法相比,该算法具有位置估计精度高、鲁棒性好等优点。     

永磁同步电动机位置伺服系统的自适应神经网络控制

针对需要考虑参数不确定和负载扰动的永磁同步电动机位置伺服系统,提出了一种新型的自适应神经网络控制方法。首先,利用神经网络建立永磁同步电动机的智能模型。其次,针对模型特点,在反步递推设计框架下,应用神经网络基函数的本质特征,并引入动态面控制技术克服控制设计中存在的“复杂性爆炸”问题,设计基于自适应神经网络动态面控制的位置跟踪算法。最后,仿真结果表明该控制方案是有效可行的,与反步递推控制方案相比,基于神经网络动态面控制的位置伺服系统的跟踪误差具有更快的收敛速度。通过设计新的神经网络自适应律,提出的自适应神经网络控制方法可以避免现有反步递推控制设计中存在的代数环问题。此外,提出的控制算法不仅能够克服不确定性因素对系统性能的影响,而且算法结构简单,易于实现。     

基于超螺旋滑模扰动观测器的永磁同步电机无传感器抗干扰控制策略研究

目的 提高包装行业中自动化设备的工作精准度,优化传统永磁同步电机无传感器控制系统的稳定性,提高电机遭遇内外扰动后的系统鲁棒性和抗扰动性能。方法 引入超螺旋滑模算法,设计一种超螺旋滑模MRAS观测器来提高系统的稳定性,同时利用滑模扰动观测器对电机良好的动态进行性能追踪,利用超螺旋滑模算法对其进行性能优化,提出超螺旋滑模MRAS观测器和超螺旋滑模扰动观测器对永磁同步电机复合控制的策略。结果 该方案有效降低了电机遭遇扰动时转速估计误差,误差在0.8r/min附近波动,明显提高了电机控制系统遭遇干扰后的响应速度。结论 在MATLAB/SIMULINK中进行实验仿真,结果表明所提控制策略提高了系统的鲁棒性和追踪精度,加强了系统的抗干扰能力。     

Rotor Position Estimation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines using Electromotive Force and Anisotropy Using Extended-Kalman-Filter

In this paper a new rotor position observer for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) based on an Extended-Kalman-Filter (EKF) is presented. With this method, just one single EKF is sufficent to evaluate the position information from electromotive force (EMF) and anisotropy. Thus, the PMSM can be controlled for the entire speed range without a position sensor and without the need to switch or synchronize between different observers. The approach covers online estimation of permanent magnetic field and mechanical load. The resulting EKF-based rotor position estimator is embedded in the existing cascaded control concept of the PMSM without need of additional angle trackers or signal filters. The experimental validation for the position sensorless control shows optimized dynamic behaviour.

     

径向环形编织机机电一体化系统建模及控制策略研究

针对径向环形编织机电气特性与机械特性的差异导致的编织机电机易超载甚至被烧毁的问题,建立了编织机机电一体化系统模型。该模型包括编织环模型和牵引滑台模型,其中编织环模型由88个齿轮的闭合传动与4个永磁同步电机的同步驱动耦合而成,牵引滑台模型由永磁同步电机的驱动与滚珠丝杠的运动耦合而成。为了解决编织环上4个电机因齿侧间隙等的存在造成的负载不均,提出了转矩均衡控制方法,即：主电机受速度环和电流环双环闭合控制,从电机只受电流环控制;主电机速度环的输出量作为从电机电流环的给定量。为了较快地使编织环电机组的转速与滑台电机的转速满足协同关系,提出了跟踪性能与同步性能解耦控制方法即交叉耦合解耦控制方法,将跟踪误差补偿量按一定比例关系缩小至幅值以下,以凸显协调误差补偿的效果。进行了现场实验,结果表明,采取所提出的控制策略能够使编织环4个电机的输出转矩相差较小,而且在电机启动与加减速阶段可以使编织环主电机与滑台电机的转速达到协同要求的时间大幅缩短。根据控制策略设计了编织机伺服控制系统。研究结果对织物编织质量的提高起到了重要的指导作用。     

Incorporating control trajectories with the direct torque control scheme of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive

Interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines have gained increased attention for applications in electric vehicle, variable speed wind turbine, industrial drives, etc., because of their high torque density, wider speed range and compact construction. The authors present a detailed analysis and modelling of control trajectories and incorporate those trajectories in the direct torque control (DTC) scheme of an IPM synchronous motor drive, for constant-torque and constant-power operating regions. The control trajectories are implemented on a real-time digital signal processor. Because the inputs to the inner torque control loop of DTC are the references for the torque and the amplitude of the stator flux linkage (λ_s), they are transformed in the T-λ_s plane, than in the i_d - i_q plane in the indirect control. The modelling and experimental results are presented. Results show very good dynamic and steady-state performances of direct torque controller, incorporating these control trajectories.