医用放射性核素的载体--磁性壳聚糖微球的制备

采用乳化交联法制备了可附载放射性核素的磁靶向药物载体--磁性壳聚糖微球,磁性微球中的纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子由FeSO4和FeCl3通过碱溶液的共沉淀法制备而得,借助SEM、IR及激光粒度仪等对微球的粒径、粒径分布和形貌进行了表征.结果表明在壳聚糖溶液质量分数为1.5%,Fe3O4与壳聚糖的质量比为1∶2,悬浮介质的搅拌速度为1 200r/min等条件下制得的磁性壳聚糖微球的粒径在(40±20)μm,且呈规则的球形,可满足放射性核素载体的基本要求.     

磁性壳聚糖复合微球的制备及表征

采用磁性Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒为磁核,用反相悬浮聚合法制备了磁性壳聚糖复合微球,用激光粒度仪和透射电镜对磁性壳聚糖微球的尺寸和形貌进行分析,考察了壳聚糖浓度、乳化剂用量、交联剂浓度、搅拌速度等参数对壳聚糖成球的影响。结果表明:使用4 mL质量浓度为4 g·L~(-1)壳聚糖溶液、0.1 mL司本-80和0.1 mg磁性Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒,经超声分散1 h后,加入0.5 mL4%的戊二醛,在转速350 r·min~(-1)搅拌条件下,室温下反应2 h,可得到形貌光滑、粒径为0.5～2 μm的磁性壳聚糖复合微球,该壳聚糖复合微球具有较好的磁响应性能。     

电子束辐照法制备纳米Fe3O4颗粒及其分散性能

在常温常压、不添加任何催化剂的条件下,用电子束辐照法制备出纳米Fe3O4颗粒;通过X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、紫外可见分光光度计以及激光粒度仪等对辐照后产物的结构、形貌、粒径、光学特性以及分散性能进行了表征。结果表明：经辐照后纳米Fe3O4颗粒以球形为主,通过谢乐公式计算出的纳米颗粒尺寸在20nm左右;采用复合分散剂聚仙梨醇、六偏磷酸钠和柠檬酸铵对纳米颗粒进行分散效果最佳,所得纳米颗粒粒径在8～18nm之间。     

Fe_3O_4/MnO_2磁性复合颗粒的制备及表征

以纳米Fe3O4颗粒为核,分别采用液相沉积法和溶胶一凝胶法两种方法将MnO2包覆在其上制备了Fe3O4/MnO2磁性复合颗粒,并借助XRD、TEM、FTIR和VSM等手段分别对纳米Fe3O4颗粒和两种复合颗粒进行表征.结果表明:采用液相沉积法进行包覆可生成以多个纳米Fe3O4颗粒为核、粒径约为200 nm的近球形Fe3O4/MnO2磁性复合颗粒,其饱和磁化强度为24.4 kA·m-1;采用溶胶-凝胶法进行包覆则生成以单个纳米Fe3O4颗粒为核、粒径约为50 nm的磁性复合颗粒,包覆层为絮状MnO2,其饱和磁化强度为16.5 kA·m-1.     

用超临界流体溶喷技术制造墨粉的构想

提出了用CO2超临界流体作溶剂,采用溶喷技术制造复印机用或激光打印机用墨粉的方法.利用超临界流体对有机材料的强溶解性能,将树脂、颜料及电荷控制剂等全部或部分溶解在CO2超临界流体中,用搅拌方法使未溶部分均匀悬浮在含有溶质的超临界流体中,然后用瞬间喷雾方法获得墨粉粒子.依此方法制造的墨粉,形貌近似于球形,具粒度均匀、无表面污染等优点,与传统的机械法及化学聚合法相比,具有节能、节水、无环境污染、生产成本低等优点,将成为大规模生产墨粉的新方法.     

受控部分还原法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子及其性能研究

采用受控部分还原法(CPRM)制备Fe3O4纳米粒子。由于反应乳液中的大分子表面活性剂限制了成核和核的生长过程,使得纳米粒子的粒径分布很好,且系统中纳米粒子的含量较微乳液法有明显提高。改变反应物浓度可使反应系统中的Fe2 稍过量,故采用CPRM时,反应系统无须惰性气体保护,合成的Fe3O4纳米粒子经TEM、X-ray、动态光散射和振动磁强计等进行表征,结果表明Fe3O4磁性粒子的平均粒径为16 nm,且粒径分布窄,具有极好的超顺磁性。CPRM法使得在一般条件下合成高质量的纳米粒子和Fe3O4磁流体成为可能。     

浙大中控行业解决方案集锦（一）

1。生产工艺简介 聚氯乙烯树脂《PVC)聚合的基本方法有4种：悬浮聚合、乳液聚合、本体聚合和溶液聚合，目前我国主要采用悬浮法生产PVC。本文主要介绍悬浮法生产工艺的控制解决方案。悬浮聚合的工艺流程图如图1所示。     

制备纳米铁酸锌的一种新方法

利用滚压振动磨在干法室温条件下和化学共沉淀法分别制备了纳米锌和纳米Fe3O4颗粒,再通过锌和Fe3O4水解反应制备纳米ZnFe2O4颗粒;用XRD、TEM以及Mssbauer谱仪等对其进行了表征。结果表明:制得的纳米锌、纳米Fe3O4和纳米ZnFe2O4的颗粒平均粒径分别为40,20,40 nm;当水解反应温度为300℃时,ZnFe2O4颗粒尺寸比较均匀,但明显出现Fe2O3;由Mssbauer谱可知出现了三个六条亚谱。     

纳米Fe3O4磁流体的制备及其影响因素研究

通过液相共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4水基磁流体,选择油酸作为表面活性剂,获得油酸包覆的Fe3O4纳米粉,将其分散于有机溶剂中,制备了纳米Fe3O4有机基磁流体。采用X-Ray衍射分析仪和粒径分布仪分析了生成物的结构和粒径分布;用FT-IR和高分辨透射电镜表征了生成物的成分和形貌。结果表明:制得的立方晶体纳米Fe3O4平均粒径为16.3 nm,FT-IR图谱中1 593、1 736和2 926 cm-1等处的吸收峰很强烈,这充分说明该纳米粒子被油酸很好地包覆;选择油酸作为表面活性剂,起到表面改性和萃取出纳米粒子的作用;制得的油酸包覆纳米Fe3O4粒子能够稳定分散于有机溶剂中。     

170℃高温用Fe3O4磁性液体的制备及其性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备了油酸包覆Fe3O4磁性颗粒,经过非离子表面活性剂的二次包覆后,将其均匀分散于具有优良耐高温性能的PAO合成油中,制成了合成油基Fe3O4磁性液体,将该磁性液体在大气环境中进行170℃长时间加热处理,对其密度、粘度、饱和磁化强度及挥发速率进行了测试,并用透射电镜进行形貌观察.结果表明:磁性颗粒呈球形,粒径在10nm左右;合成油基Fe3O4磁性液体随加热时间的延长,密度缓慢增加并逐渐趋于平缓,粘度快速增加,饱和磁化强度变幅仅为0.4%,挥发速率逐渐下降.     

硅油基纳米Fe_3O_4磁性液体的制备

采用化学共沉淀法,成功制备了纳米Fe3O4微粒,主要研究了Fe2+与Fe3+不同物质的量比对Fe3O4微粒、粒径及磁化强度的影响,采用不同表面活性剂制备了硅油基纳米Fe3O4磁性液体。结果表明:Fe2+与Fe3+物质的量比对Fe3O4微粒性能影响显著,对微粒尺寸影响不大,均为纳米级,当Fe2+与Fe3+物质的量比为0.6时,其饱和磁化强度达到最大,为52.1 A.m2.kg-1;在无水乙醇中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的分散效果虽优于油酸,但与硅油相溶性差、增粘作用明显的缺点限制了PVP的使用;而油酸由于亲油性好,更适合作为制备硅油基Fe3O4磁性液体的表面活性剂。     

Preparation and characterization of TiO_2-SiO_2-Fe_3O_4 core-shell powders in nano scale

TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles have bigger specific area which can greatly increase the efficiency of photo-catalysis.The TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 particles in nano scale were prepared with reduction method at high temperature in this paper,and their morphology,particle size and magnetic property were characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM),Xray diffraction(XRD) and magnetometer.The results show that the grain sizes of Fe3O4,SiO2-Fe3O4 and TiO2-SiO2-Fe3O4 particles were 50nm,70nm and 120nm,respectively.With the modification of SiO2,Fe3O4 magnetic cores are protected from oxidation.Moreover,by the addition of TiO2 function layer,TiO2-SiO2-Fe3O4 functional nanoparticles,with the saturation magnetization density of 34.1emu/g,is magnetically recoverable.The processes of this method are so simple that the nanoparticles can be produced in large quantity.     

雾滴微反应器法制备纳米氧化铝粉体

以硫酸铝铵和碳酸氢铵为原料,用新技术--雾滴微反应器法制备了纳米氧化铝粉体,并与用传统沉淀法制备的纳米氧化铝粉体进行比较,用SEM和TEM等方法对制备的前驱体和最终粉体进行表征,用XRD法对最终粉体进行物相分析.结果表明:雾滴微反应器法制备的纳米氧化铝粉体比传统沉淀法制备粉体的颗粒尺寸较小,粒径分布窄,分散性好,比表面积达到138.1cm2·g-1;前驱体在1 150℃煅烧20 min可完全转化为α-Al2O3.     

Emission of submicron aerosol particles in operating a laser beam printer

Laser beam printers can be substantial sources of submicron particles in the indoor environment. The present work investigated particle emissions from a commercial laser beam printer (LBP), which was one of single component, non-magnetic, non-contact mode type LBPs, in various operating conditions. Size distribution and number concentration of particles were measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The size distribution of particles generated from the printer was 20–200 nm in equivalent mobility diameter, regardless of the operating condition. When the fuser system was operated by fuser controller without development and the temperature of the heating roller was 190°C, particles were detected and their peak concentration was about 10³ particles/cm³. Zero percent coverage white papers and five percent coverage black papers, were used, the peak concentrations were 1.5×10⁵ particles/cm³ and 3.3×10⁵ particles/cm³, respectively. These results suggest that the sources of submicron particle generation were rubber of heating roller, paper, and toner.     

基于固体颗粒尺寸分布的微孔滤膜堵塞机理分析

滤膜堵塞法是一种半定量的油液污染度检测方法,研究固体颗粒尺寸分布与滤膜堵塞机理的关系有助于该检测方法的定量化。利用AC细粉尘及煤粉配制了8种不同尺寸分布的悬浮溶液,选择了10 μm、15 μm两种不同尺寸的微孔滤膜,对其堵塞机理与溶液中固体颗粒尺寸分布的关系进行试验研究。基于膜孔尺寸将颗粒划分为可通过颗粒、敏感颗粒、架桥颗粒及易挡孔颗粒,将溶液恒压下通过微孔滤膜的流量衰减曲线与经典堵塞模型的堵塞指数相结合,分析不同类型颗粒在膜孔堵塞中的作用以及不同颗粒尺寸分布对应的滤膜堵塞机理。分析结果表明,微孔滤膜堵塞机理与溶液尺寸分布规律相对应,与膜孔尺寸的选择无关;溶液中的敏感颗粒越多,对滤膜的初始堵塞会越严重,越易形成滤饼;对于可通过小颗粒较多、敏感颗粒和架桥颗粒适量、易挡孔颗粒较少这种液压系统中常见的颗粒尺寸分布规律,微孔滤膜的堵塞以标准堵塞-滤饼过滤为主要机理。首次从颗粒尺寸分布的角度分析微米级滤膜堵塞机理,分析结果有助于建立滤膜通量与固体污染颗粒尺寸分布之间的关系,从而提高滤膜堵塞法的油液污染度检测精度。     

The effect of swirling flow in the mixing chamber of atomizer and the length/diameter ratio of atomizer exit on the distribution of coal particles in CWM spray

This research is aimed to investigate how the swirling phenomena in an atomizer and the ratio of length/diameter of the atomizer exit affect the size distribution of coal particle in spray. CWM slurries are injected by a swirling twin-fluid atomizer. Five different caps and a swirler are designed and fabricated into an existing twin fluid atomizer. The droplets are sampled by test tubes and microscope slides coated with magnesium oxide. The data analysis are done by photo technique and Malvern particle sizer. The experimental results reveal that there are many droplets which do not have any coal particles. Those are simply water droplets. The population ratio of droplets without coal particles to total sampled CWM droplets is increased as the sampling position moves outward in the radial direction from the axis of spray. The length/ diameter ratio of an atomizer exit and the swirling phenomena in an atomizer affect a lot the spray pattern and the spray angle but they make no noticeable effects on the size distribution of coal particles in droplets and spray.     

Comparison of Charging Characteristics of Polymerized and Pulverized Toners

Toner charge is very important in electrophotographic printing process. Although many studies on toner charging mechanism have been carried out, the mechanism is very complex and the understanding of toner charging characteristics is not yet sufficient. Toner charge distribution is measured by E-SPART (electrical single particle aerodynamic relaxation time) analyzer, which can measure the size and charge of toner. The measured toners are polymerized and pulverized type. Charging is carried out as follows: the toner is mixed with the carrier and the mixture is bottled into the roller, and mixed by rotating the roller. Toner charge dependences on toner wt% are compared between polymerized and pulverized toner.     

纳米磁性润滑油的制备

以五羰基铁、聚丁烯基丁二酰亚胺四乙烯五胺表面活性剂、油基液和氨气为原料,利用自制的装置制备磁性润滑油.利用VSM、X射线小角散射和TEM分别对磁性润滑油的磁滞回线、纳米颗粒粒径大小、分布及形貌等进行表征.测试结果表明,磁性润滑油属超顺磁材料,磁饱和强度为0.025 9 T;其组成的颗粒具有纳米量级,在润滑油具有良好的分散稳定性.     

Abrasive wear behaviour of B4C particle reinforced Al2024 MMCs

In this study, the effects of volume fraction and particle size of boron carbide on the abrasive wear properties of B₄C particle reinforced aluminium alloy composites have been studied. For this purpose, a block-on-disc abrasion test apparatus was utilized where the samples slid against the abrasive suspension mixture at room conditions. The volume loss, specific wear rate and roughness of the samples have been evaluated. The effects of sliding time, particle content and particle size of B₄C particles on the abrasive wear properties of the composites have been investigated. The dominant wear mechanisms were identified using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the specific wear rate of composites decreased with increasing particle volume fraction. Furthermore, the specific wear rate decreased with increasing the size of particle for the composites containing the same amount of B₄C. Hence, it is deduced that aluminium alloy composites reinforced with larger B₄C particles are more effective against the abrasive suspension mixture than those reinforced with smaller B₄C particles.