中国经济发展与CIMT2003(英文)

1 China's Economy Continues to Maintain Stable Growth. 2001 is the first year for the implementation of the TenthFive-Year Plan (2001-2005) for national economic andsocial development. From now on, China's economy continuesto maintain sustained rapid and sound development. The inier-nal and foreign investment continues to grow stably. Thanks to continuously implementation of expanding do-mestic demand course, proactive fiscal policies and prudentmonetary policies by Chinese government, China's economyexperienced sustained, rapid and sound development in the firsthalf of this year, and the scale of the fixed assets investmentcontinues to expand. In the first five months, the fixed assetsinvestment amounted to RMB619. 9 billion yuan or USD74. 96     

STUDY ON MEASURE OF TECHNICAL INNOVATION ABILITY IN MEDIUM AND SMALL MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES

Measure index system of technical innovation in medium and small manufacturing enterprises is established according to principles of exploration, adaptability, standardization, generalization, feasibility, comparability and combination of economic benefit and continual development. It includes index of technical innovation capacity, informational administration on technical innovation, and investment of technical innovation, economic benefit, green technical level, social contribution and other influential indexes. Approach to measure of technical innovation in medium and small manufacturing enterprises is presented based on combination of grey relation and fuzzy hiberarchy analysis, and conclusions are drawn based on practical analysis of 20 medium and small enterprises, which provides the basis for the medium and small enterprises to select technical innovation policies and the government to constitute relative policies.     

2009年中国宏观政策十大取向

The Chinese economy is at a point of historical significance when there are risks of fast economic slowdown for the short term and great pressures from the economic transition from export orientation to internal demand and from uneven development to coordinated and sustainable development for the long term.To prevent continuous deterioration of economic prosperity and also to create a favourable external environment for the change of the method of economic development,government departments recently promulgated a series of macro regulation policies,which can be summarised into ten areas.     

中国采取一系列鼓励消费的政策

The Chinese government will adopt a series of policies to encourage consumption, energetically creating conditons for the residents to increase their consumption in order to maintain rapid growth in both investment and consumption,Wang Chunzheng, deputy director of the State Development Planning Commission, said recently.     

Interactive training model of TRIZ for mechanical engineers in China

Abstract： Innovation is a process of taking an original idea and converting it into a business value, in which the engineers face some inventive problems which can be solved hardly by experience. TRIZ, as a new theory for companies in China, provides both conceptual and procedural knowledge for finding and solving inventive problems. Because the government plays a leading role in the diffusion of TRIZ, too many companies from different industries are waiting to be trained, but the quantity of the trainers mastering TRIZ is incompatible with that requirement. In this context, to improve the training effect, an interactive training model of TRIZ for the mechanical engineers in China is developed and the implementation in the form of training classes is carried out. The training process is divided into 6 phases as follows： selecting engineers, training stage-l, finding problems, training stage-2, finding solutions and summing up. The government, TRIZ institutions and companies to join the programs interact during the process. The government initiates and monitors a project in form of a training class of TRIZ and selects companies to join the programs. Each selected companies choose a few engineers to join the class and supervises the training result. The TRIZ institutions design the training courses and carry out training curriculum. With the beginning of the class, an effective communication channel is established by means of interview, discussion face to face, E-mail, QQ and so on. After two years training practices, the results show that innovative abilities of the engineers to join and pass the final examinations increased distinctly, and most of companies joined the training class have taken congnizance of the power of TRIZ for product innovation. This research proposes an interactive training model of TRIZ for mechanical engineers in China to expedite the knowledge diffusion of TRIZ.     

中国经济发展与CIMT2005

Since the beginning of this year, China has reinforced macroeconomic control measures to curb the fast growing fixed asset investment, to slow down the overheating economy. The policies and measures for macroeconomic adjust and control have been taken and worked. The overly rapid increase of investment has been held back, the growth rate of money supply and credit declined, the prices of productive resources dropped while destabilizing and unhealthy factors in economic operations checked. The fixed asset invest-     

中国载货汽车行业景气度继续上升

The business environment for the operation of trucks and other road-bound vehicles has markedly improved in recent years, following the implementation of the country's proactive fiscal policies and the increasing speed of the construction of infrastructure projects, including roads. Influenced by exterior factors such as the drive to develop the western regions and the rapid growth in fixed     

Standard of wood and plastic industry is looking forward to set up

Director Huang Jianzhong from Division of comprehensive utilization of resources, Ministry of information industry and energy-saving pointed out at wood and plastic industry about the relevant policies that to establish the wood industry standards to regulate and promote enterprise development as soon as possible. In addition, related preferential policies which are not carried out well for encouraging the development of wood and plastic industry, Huang Jianzhong hopes that the trade association should reflect the implementation of the policy to related department in time and made targeted recommendations about existence questions.     

今年中国GDP可望增长7.8%(英文)

China's GDP this year is expected to increase about 7. 8?cording to a report released by the Academy of Social Sci-ences on the analysis and forecast of the economic situation. Based on the combination of model simulation and analy-sis of evidence the forecast predicts that without the interna-tional economic environment worsening, China's GDP growth in     

TOPOLOGY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION BASED ON BIOTIC BRANCH NET

The biotic branch nets are extreme high-tech product. In order to achieve a certain functional objective, they can adjust their growth direction and growth velocity by according to the varying growth environment. An innovative and effective methodology of topology design optimization based on the growth mechanism of biotic branch nets is suggested, and it is applied to a layout design problem of a conductive cooling channel in a heat transfer system. The effectiveness of the method is validated by the FEM analysis.     

FATIGUE DAMAGE CALCULATED BY RATIO-METHOD TO METALLIC MATERIALS WITH SMALL CRACK UNDER UNSYMMETRIC CYCLIC LOADING

Based on the standpoint to take for the crack size also to be a damage variable like the damage variable, by means of the two-directions coordinate system, several new calculation equations on the small crack growth rate are suggested for describing the elastic-plastic behavior of some metallic materials. And the estimation formulas of life are also suggested relative to varied small crack size at each loading history, which is unsymmetric cyclic loading. In the calculation method, as a loaded stress-strain parameter to adopt the ratio with plastic strain range to elastic strain range, and as the material constants using the typical material parameters in damage calculation expression, a new concept of the compositive material constant, which has functional relation with the typical material constants, average stress, average strain, critical loading time is given out. In addition, the fatigue damage of a part of car is put up to calculate as an example, its calculation results are accordant with the Landgraf's equation, and calculation precision is more rigorous, so could avoid unnecessary fatigue tests and will be of practical significance on saving times, manpower and capitals, as well as the convenience for engineering applications.     

The Conversion of a Zimbabwean Processing Plant from Manual to Smart Operation

<正>The automation of several key processes in a factory in Zimbabwe is described.The plant is a producer of bolts and nails for the southern Africa region.Being built in the 1950s,the equipment was intended for manual operation.To improve efficiency and reduce overhead costs, this project was commissioned to add electronic intelligence to some of the processing equipment.In particular the conversion of forging furnaces to computer control and the intelligent implementation of heat-treatment processes are described.Results of the project in economic and quality terms are presented.     

Analysis of Cutting Force by End Milling Using Artificial ntelligence

The cutting forces during end milling process by using Genetic Algorithm are investigated in this paper. However, automated CNC （computer numerical control） programming by milling machine is intended to use for special required conditions of programming of tool path length, and analysis of cutting force and optimization of main parameters are presented. Some effective simplification of automated programming is done for cutting force. The cutting force is modelled and analyzed into mathematical simulations in order to optimize the main cutting parameters, also in this case tool path length, it is get as free trajectory. Optimization is carried out by using the Matlab/Genetic Algorithm method that excessively reduce the time and to optimize the main cutting parameters of machining. The number of experiments, measurements and results of cutting force （F~）, are presented in 3D as well as in tables. In order to verify the accuracy of the 3 D simulation with optimization method, the results are compared in experimental and theoretical way. In other word, these results indicate directly that the optimized parameters are capable of machining the workpiece. Achieved results that are presented in this paper may in general help the new researcher as well as manufacturing industries of metal cutting.     

TDFAD APPROACH TO HIGH TEMPERATURE DEFECT ASSESSMENT AND ITS ENGINEERING APPLICATION

From the idea of failure of defective structures at high temperature being controlled by two mechanisms: fast fracture due to creep crack growth initiating at the crack tip and creep rupture on the weakened section, a time-dependent failure assessment diagram (TDFAD) is developed on the basis of the time dependent crack tip parameter J integral. According to the proposed TDFAD method, detailed crack initiation and creep crack growth analysis is avoided in safety assessments of high temperature structures by performing simple calculations of stress intensity factor and limit load. To evaluate the creep toughness parameter Kmat, three different expressions are suggested on the basis of experimental load-line displacement, creep crack initiation and growth parameters as well as the isochronous stress-strain curve. The influence of service factors such as temperature and service-time on the proposed TDFAD is discussed by using the properties of 2.25CrlMo steel and an example is also presented to illustrate t     

京津沪渝经济增长分析

Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics has conducted aresearch of economic growth in China's four municipalities-Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing-according to authoritative statistics. The result of the research shows that Beijing ranked 15th in economic growth among 30 provinces and municipalities, and was behind the other three munici     

Investigation of Cutting Force by End Milling Operation

In this work, the cutting forces by end milling operation are analyzed. Therefore, the main parameters of cutting force as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut also are investigated in our case. The cutting force is modelled and analyzed into mathematical Wolfram simulations in order to compare the results and in the same time achieve the best solutions. Theoretical results are carried out by using the regression method that required fulfilling the critter by Fisher. The number of experiment, measurements and results of cutting force are presented in 2D as well as 3D. In order to verify the accuracy of the 2D diagram, the results for our case is used both two way such as experimental and theoretical method as well as results are compared. In other hands, these results indicate directly that the optimized parameters are capable of machining the workpiece. The obtained measurement results are compared with theoretical methods in Wolfram software.     

Antiskid control of railway train braking based on adhesion creep behavior

In modern trains wheelset skidding leads to the deterioration of braking behavior,the degradation of comfort,as well as a boost in system hazards.Because of the nonlinearity and unknown characteristics of wheelset adhesion,simplifications are widely adopted in the modeling process of conventional antiskid controllers.Therefore,conventional antiskid controllers usually cannot perform satisfactorily.In this paper,systematic computer simulation and field tests for railway antiskid control system are introduced.The operating principal of antiskid control system is explained,which is fundamental to the simulation of antiskid brakes,and the simulation model is introduced,which incorporates both the adhesion creep curve and a pneumatic submodel of antiskid control system.In addition,the characteristics of adhesion curves and the simulation target are also provided.Using DHSplus,the pneumatic submodel is created to analyze the performance of the different control strategies of antiskid valves.Then the system simulation is realized by combining the kinematical characteristics of railway trains and the pneumatic submodel.The simulation is performed iteratively to obtain the optimized design of the antiskid control system.The design result is incorporated in the hardware design of the antiskid control system and is evaluated in the field tests in Shanghai Subway Line 1.Judging by the antiskid efficiency,the antiskid braking performance observed in the field tests shows the superiority of the optimized design.Therefore,the proposed simulation method,especially in view of its ease of application,appears to be a useful one for designing railway antiskid control systems.     

Experimental Acoustic Determination of the Void Fraction in Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Pipelines

In multi-phase flows, the phases can flow and arranged in different spatial configurations in the pipe, which called flow patterns. This type of flow is found in the oil, chemical and nuclear industries. For example, in the production and transport of oil and gas, the identification of the flow patterns are essential for answering those questions which are related to the economic return of the field, such as, measuring the volumetric flow, determining the pressure drop along the flow lines, production management and supervision. In offshore production, these factors are very important. This paper presents a new method for measuring the void fraction in horizontal pipelines, taking the air as gas in water-air two-phase flow. Through acoustic analysis of the frequency response of the pipe, the method gets the parameters to changes in runoff regime, in an experimental arrangement constructed on a small scale. The main advantages are the non-intrusive characteristic and easy to implement. The paper is composed of a qualitative experimental evaluation and transducers （microphone） which are used to analyze variations in the response accompanying variations in void and flow pattern changes. Changes are imposed and controlled by a two-phase flow experimental simulation rig, including a measurement cell constituted of an external casing that can isolate the measurement from the environmental background noise fitted with acoustic pressure transducers radially arranged, and the impact of a monitored excitation mechanism. The signals which captured by the microphones are processed and analyzed by checking their frequency contents changes according to the amount of air in the mixture.     

Effect of Ordering Policies on Complex Dynamics Behaviours in a Discrete-Type Manufacturing Industry Supply Chain System

The beer game model is a typical paradigm used to study complex dynamics behaviours in production–distribution systems. The model, however, does not accord with current practical supply chain system models in discrete?type manufacturing industry, which are generally composed of retailers, distributors, manufacturers with internal sup?ply chain, and suppliers. To describe how ordering policies influence the complex dynamics behaviour modes and operating cost in a general discrete?type manufacturing industry supply chain system, a high dimension piecewise?linear dynamics model is built for the supply chain system. Five kinds of ordering policy combination are considered. The distribution of both the largest Lyapunov exponent of e ective inventory and average operating cost per cycle is obtained by simulation in a policy space. The simulation shows that for the general discrete?type manufacturing industry supply chain system, the upper chaotic corners emerge besides the lower chaotic corners in the policy space expressing the distribution of system behaviour mode, and that the ordering policies at each supply chain node as well as their combination have very significant e ect on the topology of the distribution of both system behaviour mode and operating cost in the policy space. We find that chaos is not always corresponding to high cost, and the "chaos amplification" is not completely relevant to the "cost amplification".     

商务部发布不同国别贸易投资环境报告

China's Ministry of Commerce has recently released the annual report on the trade and investment environment in different countries for the year 2005, describing it as an important move of the government in its efforts to transform government functions and provide public service to the public in line with the Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China.