基于超混沌系统的位级自适应彩色图像加密新算法

提出一种采用超混沌系统的自适应彩色图像加密算法,在位级进行加密。首先利用陈氏超混沌系统产生的混沌序列对原始彩色图像的R、G、B分量图像进行置乱和扩散,采用自适应加密方法,用高四位的二值图像信息去加密低四位,再用加密后的低四位信息去加密高四位;接着将加密后的三基色分量图像横向排列组合联合加密,降低了三基色分量之间的相关性。加密算法使得密文与明文、密钥之间的关系复杂化,部分密钥依赖于明文,使得算法对明文敏感。对密钥空间、密钥敏感性、直方图、相关性、信息熵、明文敏感性进行测试和分析,结果证明了加密算法安全有效,在图像保密通信中具有较大的应用潜力。     

提取明文信息耦合多混沌像素混乱的彩图 RGB 分量同步无损加密算法

针对当前的彩色图像加密方案都是将 R、G、B 三基色的像素分离来单独进行加密,且生成的混沌序列不依赖于明文信息,导致密文随机性和抗攻击性较差等不足,提出了提取明文信息耦合多混沌像素混乱的彩图RGB 同步加密算法。首先,将图像 RGB 三基色的像素进行分离、二值化与矢量化处理,得到 RGB 三个矢量;重组这些矢量,得到 R、G、B 各像素均彼此依赖的置乱矩阵;然后,通过提取明文图像信息来控制四个超混沌系统的迭代,得到与明文相关的随机序列,对置乱矩阵完成列、行扩散。仿真结果表明,与其他彩图加密机制相比,加密系统的安全性更高,且密钥空间更大,密钥敏感性强。     

一类图像载体与多混沌系统的动态音频加密算法

针对单一混沌系统在加密中有密钥空间小、安全性较低等问题,提出了图像载体与多混沌系统的动态音频加密算法。首先对明文音频进行分块以提升算法运行效率。通过初始密钥与明文音频特征值生成高级密钥,显著增加了密钥空间。设计多种混沌系统相结合的随机数发生器,并通过NIST sp800_22随机性测试来验证其随机性。将明文音频信息转移至特征矩阵P中得到音频图像,最后通过循环余数置乱算法与扩散得到加密音频图像与加密音频。仿真实验与性能测试表明：该加密算法密钥空间大、密钥敏感性强、加密音频能量分布均匀,具有较强的抗攻击性能、鲁棒性以及高效的加密效率。     

基于L-K双混沌系统的彩色位级图像加密算法

针对传统加密算法精度有限、安全性低等问题,提出一种新的彩色图像加密算法。利用Liu混沌系统产生的混沌序列对彩色图像R、G、B三层的低五位进行索引位置置乱,再对高三位进行Arnold置乱;采用自适应方式进行扩散,并将R、G、B三层的密文图像循环异或,得到初步密文图像;联合像素级加密进行Hilbert置乱,采用Kawakami超混沌结合图像信息进行分形扩散,得到最终密文图像。仿真实验表明,该算法NPCR和UACI达到99.78%和33.37%,信息熵为7.9970,安全性很高。     

基于混沌映射和DNA编码的图像加密算法

为了有效改进图像的加密效果及安全性,在对已有的图像加密算法进行分析的基础上,提出基于混沌映射的位变换和DNA序列的图像加密算法。首先,采用混沌映射生成置乱序列对图像在位平面进行置乱,同时达到了图像置乱和扩散的双重加密效果。然后,利用DNA编码规则,对置乱后的图像编码,进行DNA运算,实现图像的扩散。实验结果表明,该算法密钥空间足够大,密钥敏感性较强,具有较好的安全性。     

基于超混沌与分块操作的快速图像加密算法

为满足加密安全和实时通信的需求,提出一种基于超混沌和分块操作的快速图像加密算法。构建与明文相关的动态原始序列;进行置乱和扩散操作,在置乱过程中引入分块操作,提高加密速度,在扩散过程中引入动态密钥,提高安全性。对图像灰度分布、相邻像素相关性、密钥空间、密钥敏感性、加密速度、抗差分攻击能力及抗噪声和裁剪的鲁棒性进行深入分析和仿真,其结果表明,该算法具有较高的安全性及较快的运行速率。     

基于时空混沌和小波变换的图像加密算法

本文提出一种基于时空混沌系统的图像加密算法。首先对明文图像进行Zigzag方式扫描置乱,再对置乱后的图像分块;然后用Logistic混沌系统生成的伪随机序列对其进行置乱,置乱结束后对其进行整数小波变换,利用基于耦合映像格子CML的混沌系统生成三个伪随机序列对低频小波系数进行置乱操作,同时对低频小波系数进行扩散,然后进行整数小波逆变换;最后再由基于CML的混沌系统生成两个伪随机序列对图像像素值进行扩散操作,得到最终的加密图像。经测试,该算法具有良好的加密性能,可以有效抵挡差分、明文等攻击。     

基于混沌映射的图像块加密算法

针对图像置乱和扩散加密算法中的漏洞,提出一个明文信息可以参与的加密算法.通过耦合混沌序列来提取部分明文信息,采用提取的明文信息控制密钥的产生进而对明文加密.在加密的过程中,利用计算机二进制的特点进行分块加密,并对图像进行扩散处理.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,该算法具有足够大的密钥空间,密文对密钥很敏感,能够抵抗明文攻击和统计攻击,比仅对图像置乱和扩散加密更安全,并且加密效果较理想,可广泛应用于信息安全领域.     

基于Arnold映射的分块双层自适应扩散图像加密算法

目的 针对图像安全保障问题,提出一种基于Arnold映射的分块双层自适应扩散数字图像加密(BDAM)算法,提高图像加密效率及安全性.方法 首先利用Logistic映射、Tent映射和Sine映射,进行两两组合构建3种新1维混沌映射,提取初始混沌序列;然后定义一个与明文图像矩阵大小相同的初始加密图像矩阵,对其进行分块,预处理Arnold映射参数,正反向联合映射将明文图像矩阵中随机位置像素值,存入初始加密矩阵随机块中的随机位置,并同时进行块内像素、块间自适应扩散,直至填满初始加密矩阵,完成加密.结果 针对多种类型灰度图像,通过仿真实验与性能对比分析表明: BDAM算法在信息熵、密钥空间、相关性、敏感性等方面均优于其他加密算法,置乱效果好,对密钥及明文的敏感性高,可取得较好加密效果.结论 结合随机置乱的分块双层非线性自适应扩散BDAM算法可有效抵御多种攻击,安全性较高,适用于各种类型灰度图像加密,具有潜在应用价值.     

基于多分数阶混沌系统的彩色图像加密算法

为了实现对彩色图像信息的有效保护,提出一种像素置乱及密文交错扩散技术相结合的加密算法。首先对3个分数阶混沌系统产生的混沌序列进行优化改进,得到两组不同的性能优良的混沌密钥序列,并将RGB彩色图像转换为由基色分量组成的灰度图像;然后,利用一组改进的混沌密钥序列对该灰度图像的像素位置进行置乱;最后,利用另一组改进的混沌密钥序列对置乱图像进行2轮基色分量之间的密文交错扩散操作,得到加密图像。仿真实验表明,该算法具有足够大的密钥空间,高度的密钥敏感性,较好的像素分布特性,且在抵抗唯密文攻击、差分攻击、选择明文攻击及统计攻击方面都具有良好的性能,可以广泛地应用于多媒体数据的保密通信中。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.