一维微粗糙面与其上方金属平板的复合电磁散射研究

研究了一维导体随机粗糙面与其上方金属平板的复合电磁散射。应用互易性原理使求解复合目标的二次散射场简化为求解包含平板上的极化电流和微粗糙面散射场的积分方程。利用物理光学近似和粗糙面微扰法分别计算了平板上的感应电流和粗糙面的电磁散射场,导出了复合散射模型单、双站散射的计算公式并给出了单站数值计算结果,讨论了后向复合散射截面随入射频率及平板尺寸、位置的变化关系。     

随机粗糙表面电磁散射特性的双尺度法

介绍了双尺度法计算随机粗糙表面后向散射系数的方法,同时采用蒙特卡洛法仿真了单尺度和双尺度的二维随机粗糙表面。利用基尔霍夫近似、微扰法和双尺度法分别计算了粗糙面的后向散射系数,并且比较了这三种方法计算的结果,显示出了双尺度法在研究粗糙面电磁散射特性的优越性。     

考虑曲率修正效应时粗糙面电磁散射的微扰法

本文在分析传统粗糙面电磁散射微扰法的基础上,给出了一种新的考虑曲率修正效应的微扰法,解决了传统微扰法计算掠入射散射时的误差问题.文中同时采用传统微扰法和考虑曲率修正效应的微扰法对实际粗糙面的后向散射截面做了计算,并与有关实验测量结果做了比较,结果表明无论是中、小角度入射,还是掠入射,采用考虑曲率修正效应的微扰法的计算是准确的.     

基于微扰法指数型粗糙面电磁波透射问题研究

采用指数型粗糙面来模拟实际粗糙面,根据微扰法研究粗糙面下方介质2中的电磁散射,结合指数型粗糙面的自相关函数导出了不同极化状态下指数型粗糙面透射波散射系数的计算公式.通过数值计算得到不同极化状态下指数型粗糙面透射系数随散射角、散射方位角及入射波频率变化的曲线;讨论了粗糙面参数和入射波频率对不同极化状态透射系数的影响;得出指数型粗糙面透射系数的基本特征和随频率变化的特征.结果表明,粗糙面高度起伏均方根、相关长度和入射波频率对指数型粗糙面透射波散射系数有显著影响.这一结果对于遥感、探测等实际的雷达工程问题具有重要的参考价值.     

fBm随机粗糙面电磁散射的微扰法近似

本文采用二维fBm分形函数来模拟二维实际粗糙面,利用微扰法给出了fBm粗糙面的归一化散射截面的计算公式。数值计算了不同分维下的实际粗糙面的后向散射截面,并与有关实验测试结果和高斯相关分布及指数相关分布粗糙面的散射结果作了比较。     

二维带限分形粗糙面电磁散射的基尔霍夫近似

本文采用二维归一化带限Weierstrass分形函数来模拟二维分形粗糙面,主要利用基尔霍夫近似研究了该粗糙面的电磁散射,给出了散射场、平均散射强度系数和散射强度方差的计算公式,通过理论分析和数值计算讨论了散射场与分维及粗糙面其他有关参量间的关系.     

微粗糙面下埋地地雷目标的极化滤波增强

首先采用了二维分数布朗运动来模拟实际地面,利用微扰法给出了微粗糙表面的散射矩阵;其次计算了微粗糙面下某型号地雷目标的极化散射特性,并与平坦地表下的极化特性进行了比较;最后,在考虑地杂波干扰时,研究了杂波环境中埋地地雷目标的极化滤波增强技术,给出了收／发天线的最优极化状态。     

动态分形粗糙海面散射的遮蔽效应和多普勒谱研究

利用粗糙面电磁散射中的基尔霍夫近似,结合粗糙面遮蔽函数和分形粗糙海面特征函数的计算,导出了考虑遮蔽效应情况下导体分形粗糙海面散射截面的近似公式。研究了海面不同均方根斜率对遮蔽效应的影响。比较了毫米波入射时高斯粗糙面和分形粗糙海面的散射截面分布情况。分析了不同分维下分形海面双站散射截面的角分布情况。详细讨论了不同入射角和不同分维及遮蔽效应对分形海面散射回波多普勒谱的影响。     

基于倾斜地面上分形树的电磁散射研究

本文用随机Ｌ系统产生具有自相似发形结构的分形树,基于ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模拟的方法,用相干中近似、树的独立散射近似和独立散射近似研究了倾斜粗糙面为下垫面的分形树的电磁散射、计算结果表明,相干叠加近似和树的独立散射近似具有比较好的一致性,而独立散射近似在低频时不能给出好的结果,倾斜粗糙面的存在使得交叉极化分量与同极化分量相差减小。     

太赫兹低频段随机粗糙金属板散射特性研究

该文提出了一种高效混合近似算法计算太赫兹频段无限薄金属板的电磁散射特性。在太赫兹低频段,金属目标可以被视为具有微粗糙表面的理想导体,散射场可以分为相干场和非相干场。该文采用物理光学法结合截断劈增量长度绕射系数法和微扰法来计算金属板的电磁散射分布。基于蒙特卡洛方法,分别利用多层快速多极子和提出的混合算法计算太赫兹低频段金属板的雷达散射截面,仿真结果表明该文提出的混合算法能够高效快速地给出太赫兹低频段金属板的电磁散射特性。      

The variation of bistatic rough surface scattering cross section for a physical optics model

The general behavior of a rough surface scattering cross section is examined as a function of incident and scattering angles, surface roughness, dielectric constant, and polarization for physical optics (PO) conditions. Quite distinct and complicated variations are observed. For some conditions, deep nulls occur in the normalized bistatic cross sectionsigma deg; as a function of seatlering angle, while other parameter sets yield no such pattern. These results are analyzed and interpreted. The differences in the angular variation insigma degfor different polarizations suggested that, for a given set of conditions, it would be possible to minimize the scattering from a rough surface. This topic is addressed in the second part of the paper. For the case of a given incident polarization, a technique is presented to optimize the bistatic observation of terrain scattering by using combinations of receiver polarization which vary as the scattering angles are changed.     

Low-grazing angle scattering from rough surfaces in a duct formedby a linear-square refractive index profile

The problem of rough surface scattering and propagation over rough terrain in a ducting environment has been receiving considerable attention in the literature. One popular method of modeling this problem is the parabolic wave equation (PWE) method. An alternative method is the boundary integral equation (BIE) method. The implementation of the BIE in inhomogeneous media (ducting environments) is not straightforward, however, since the Green's function for such a medium is not usually known. In this paper, a closed-form approximation of the Green's function for a two-dimensional (2-D) ducting environment formed by a linear-square refractive index profile is derived using asymptotic techniques. This Green's function greatly facilitates the use of the BIE approach to study low-grazing angle (LGA) rough surface scattering and propagation over rough surfaces in the aforementioned ducting environment. This paper demonstrates how the BIE method can model the combined effects of surface roughness and medium inhomogeneity in a very rigorous fashion. Furthermore, it illustrates its capability of accurately predicting scattering in all directions including backscattering. The boundary integral equation of interest is solved via the method of ordered multiple interactions (MOMI), which eliminates the requirements of matrix storage and inversion and, hence, allows the application of the BIE method to very long rough surfaces     

分形粗糙面上方目标电磁散射特性的研究

利用分形函数来模拟海地粗糙表面，在考虑到粗糙面的粗糙度，入射波极化方式以及粗糙面的动态和静态等因素对电磁散射特性影响的情况下，运用克希霍夫近拟条件，对粗糙面上方平板目标电磁散射的物理机制进行了分析和研究。理论分析和数值结果表明，本文所述方法物理图象清晰，是一种有效分析实际粗糙面与目标相互作用的方法。     

大粗糙度表面激光散射特性实验研究

本文利用激光散射自动测量系统,对经喷丸处理后的钢基粗糙表面及其喷漆表面的后向激光雷达散射截面(LRCS)进行了测量。测量波长分别为λ=633nm和λ=904nm.在λ=904nm,利用粗糙面电磁散射理论的基尔霍夫方法对上述样片进行了理论计算,其中将粗糙表面视为双尺度模型,根据驻留相位法和标量近似法理论计算双尺度模型随机粗糙表面的散射强度角分布,其理论值与实验测量结果有较好的吻合。     

Experimental studies of bistatic scattering from two-dimensionalconducting random rough surfaces

Despite the recent development of analytical and numerical techniques for problems of scattering from two-dimensional rough surfaces, very few experimental studies were available for verification. The authors present the results of millimeter-wave experiments on scattering from two-dimensional conducting random rough surfaces with Gaussian surface roughness statistics. Machine-fabricated rough surfaces with controlled roughness statistics were examined. Special attention was paid to surfaces with large rms slopes (ranging from 0.35 to 1.00) for which enhanced backscattering is expected to take place. Experimentally, such enhancement was indeed observed in both the copolarized and cross-polarized returns. In addition, it was noticed that at moderate angles of incidence, the scattering profile as a function of observation angle is fairly independent of the incident polarization and operating frequency. This independence justifies the use of the geometric optics approximation embodied in the Kirchhoff formulation for surfaces with large surface radius of curvature. When compared with the experimental data, this analytical technique demonstrates good agreement with the experimental data     

用角相关函数识别随机粗糙面上散射目标的有限元解法

研究随机粗糙面上有散射目标时散射场求解的有限元数值方法，并提出用散射场角相关函数在非记忆线上的增强，来识别粗糙面上散射目标的存在。给出了随机粗糙面上无散射目标和有效射目标时散射场角有关函数的特征性变化。     

Diffuse like and cross-polarized fields scattered from irregularlayered structures-full-wave analysis

The full-wave solution for scattering from two-dimensional (2-D) irregular layered structures is expressed as a sum of radiation fields, the lateral waves and the surface waves. Only the radiation far fields are considered in this work. The lateral waves and surface waves are ignored since excitations of plane waves are considered and the observation points are in the far fields. The scattering coefficients appearing in the full-wave generalized telegraphists' equations for irregular layered structures are proportional to the derivatives of the surface heights at each interface. Using a first-order iterative procedure to solve the generalized telegraphists' equations, the diffusely scattered fields from irregular layered structures are expressed as a sum of first-order fields scattered at each rough interface. In this paper, the like and cross-polarized diffuse scattered fields are derived for three medium irregular structures with 2-D rough interfaces. The thickness of the coating material or thin film between the two interfaces is arbitrary, however, in this work it is assumed to be constant. Thus, in this case, both interfaces are rough and there are five different scattering processes identified in the full-wave results. A physical interpretation is given to the five different scattering mechanisms that contribute to the diffusely scattered fields. This work can be used to provide realistic analytical models of propagation across irregular stratified media such as ice or snow covered terrain, remote sensing of coated rough surfaces, or the detection of buried objects in the presence of signal clutter from the rough interfaces     

复杂陆地粗糙面及其上方坦克目标复合散射研究

研究了复杂陆地粗糙面及其上方坦克目标的复合散射特性.基于Monte Carlo方法,利用高斯谱函数模拟不同统计特性的陆地表面,运用加权反正切函数滤波处理以构造边界和连接相邻区域,构建了复杂陆地分区域复合粗糙面的几何模型.提出了一种快速精确求解复杂陆地粗糙面及其上方坦克目标复合散射的混合方法,利用迭代物理光学法求解目标与环境间的多次耦合,运用等效电磁流法修正棱边绕射.分析了复杂陆地粗糙面的散射特性,研究了入射角、均方根高度、相关长度和粗糙面表面结构对复合散射特性的影响.本研究为探测复杂环境上方的坦克目标提供了理论基础,数值仿真结果对雷达目标的探测与识别具有借鉴意义.     

峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面电磁散射特性研究

提出了一种分区域复合表面模型来描述峡谷环境的天然腔型结构,研究了峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面的电磁散射特性。采用蒙特卡罗方法,利用高斯谱函数模拟峡谷环境的陆地粗糙面,利用Pierson-Moskowitz(PM)海洋谱模拟峡谷的海面部分,交界处运用加权反正切函数平滑处理,建立了峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面模型。考虑到自然环境中峡谷所具备的天然腔型结构,引入射线密度归一化(RDN)思想,采用改进射线弹跳法与物理光学法的混合方法,计算峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面的电磁散射特性。对比了陆地粗糙面、海面和峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面的电磁散射特性,计算了峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面的散射系数,并讨论了峡谷开口范围、陆地粗糙面的均方根高度和相关长度对峡谷型分区域复合粗糙面电磁散射特性的影响。仿真结果对于反演峡谷环境的电磁特性以及遥感、探测具有借鉴意义。     

典型粗糙表面激光后向散射特性实验

对现有的粗糙度比较样块和其他典型粗糙目标进行了后向光散射特性的实验。实验结果表明,当入射光为632.8 nm波长时,随着入射角的增大,不同的被测目标的散射强度变化得比较明显。如果被测目标的表面斜率均方根比较接近,可以发现它们整体的散射光强度变化趋势几乎一样,而且它们的偏振度也相差不大。表面斜率很小的被测目标,相对其他被测目标,其散射光光强明显大很多,其偏振度也是最大的,说明相对光滑的表面探测到的后向散射光强度比相对粗糙表面探测到的散射光强度大得多。文中关于典型粗糙表面后向散射偏振特性的研究结果对于探讨进行目标识别的理论及应用方面有一定的价值。