粗晶GH4720Li合金热变形行为与动态再结晶特点

为了模拟难变形镍基高温合金GH4720Li开坯锻造过程,采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究经均匀化处理的GH4720Li铸锭高温压缩变形时的力学流动行为,分析高温变形过程中微观组织演化规律。结果表明,GH4720Li合金在1100℃, 0.1 s~(-1)条件下应力水平达到250 MPa,且应力对热变形温度和应变速率敏感,动态再结晶是主要的软化机制。粗晶组织提高了合金动态再结晶临界变形温度和应变速率,如在变形量为60%,变形条件为1140℃, 0.001 s~(-1)和1180℃,0.001s~(-1)才能发生完全动态再结晶。计算的粗晶GH4720Li合金热变形激活能Q=1171kJ/mol,较高的热变形激活能表明粗晶组织不利于热塑性变形和动态再结晶的发生。基于本研究,铸态GH4720Li合金开坯温度应高于1140℃,同时保证较低的应变速率,以确保动态再结晶的充分发生,实现枝晶组织破碎。     

GH4720Li合金双道次热压缩变形过程的组织演变

对GH4720Li合金在1080~1180℃、应变速率为0.1s~(-1)条件下的双道次压缩过程的热变形行为进行研究。结果表明:动态再结晶是GH4720Li合金的主要软化机制。在双道次压缩间歇期内,合金发生亚动态再结晶、静态再结晶和晶粒长大;低于1120℃的变形间歇期,亚动态再结晶、静态再结晶和晶粒长大的速度缓慢;1120℃及以上温度的变形间歇期,亚动态再结晶、静态再结晶和晶粒长大的速度加快。随变形温度升高和第一道次变形量增大,道次间歇期的亚动态再结晶和静态再结晶速度加快。γ′相在热变形过程中发生协调变形,并发生细化。     

粗晶GH4720Li合金热变形行为与动态再结晶特点

为了模拟难变形镍基高温合金GH4720Li开坯锻造过程,采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究经均匀化处理的GH4720Li铸锭高温压缩变形时的力学流动行为,分析高温变形过程中微观组织演化规律。结果表明,GH4720Li合金在1100℃,0.1 s-1条件下应力水平达到250 MPa,且应力对热变形温度和应变速率敏感,动态再结晶是主要的软化机制。粗晶组织提高了合金动态再结晶临界变形温度和应变速率,如在变形量为60%,变形条件为1140℃,0.001 s-1和1180℃,0.001s-1才能发生完全动态再结晶。计算的粗晶GH4720Li合金热变形激活能Q=1171kJ/mol,较高的热变形激活能表明粗晶组织不利于热塑性变形和动态再结晶的发生。基于本研究,铸态GH4720Li合金开坯温度应高于1140℃,同时保证较低的应变速率,以确保动态再结晶的充分发生,实现枝晶组织破碎。     

GH4720Li合金流变力学Arrhenius本构方程的建立和再结晶形核机制分析

在MTS热模拟试验机上对GH4720Li合金进行了热模拟试验研究,根据所得结果绘制了其应力-应变曲线,构建了表征其流变力学的Arrhenius本构模型。结果表明:在应变为0.1条件下,GH4720Li合金的材料常数为:Q为638.82 kJ/mol、lnA为53.36、n为3.35、α为0.0081,并揭示了GH4720Li合金的动态再结晶形核机制。组织分析结果表明:在应变0.35、应变速率0.001 s~(-1)、变形温度1140℃条件下,γ′相有效地阻碍了GH4720Li合金晶界的转动和滑动,大大降低了其动态再结晶晶粒长大速率和晶界迁移速率,对晶界起到一定的钉扎作用;在应变0.5、变形温度1140℃时,应变速率为0.001、0.01、0.1、1 s~(-1)时,应变速率越低,晶粒具有充足的长大时间,越能够促进动态再结晶过程,动态再结晶过程越完全,应变速率越高,材料的变形畸变能稳定,为形核提供了足够的驱动力。在应变0.5、变形温度1140℃条件下,应变速率为0.01 s~(-1)时,GH4720Li合金的晶粒形貌最好。     

镍基高温合金GH4700的热变形行为及热加工图

研究了镍基高温合金GH4700变形温度和应变速率对热变形行为的影响,建立了该合金的热变形本构方程和热加工图。结果表明:在变形温度1120~1210℃、应变速率0.01~20 s-1条件下,该合金的热变形流变曲线呈现出典型的动态再结晶型特征,存在稳态的流变应力,且随着变形温度的升高和应变速率降低,动态再结晶过程更充分;GH4700合金的热变形激活能为326.3165 kJ/mol;该合金在温度为1180~1210℃,应变速率为10~20 s-1的热压缩变形条件下,能量耗散率η值较高,大于0.30,显微组织发生完全动态再结晶,获得的组织晶粒细小且分布均匀。     

应变速率对GH690高温合金热变形特性的影响（英文）

为阐明应变速率对GH690高温合金热变形特性的影响,采用Gleeble-3800热力模拟试验机,通过变形温度范围为1000~1200°C、应变速率范围为0.001~10 s~(-1)的等温热压缩实验研究了该合金的热变形行为。结果表明:流变应力对应变速率变化敏感,动态再结晶是主要的软化机制;0.1 s~(-1)是1000°C热变形过程中的临界应变速率。绝热温升使得动态再结晶过程与应变速率密切相关;应变速率对热变形过程中的非连续动态再结晶和连续动态再结晶具有显著影响;孪晶可促进动态再结晶形核,Σ3~n(n=1,2,3)晶界在中等应变速率0.1 s~(-1)条件下含量较低。     

GH696合金动态再结晶模型

采用热模拟压缩试验研究GH696合金在变形温度为880~1020℃、应变速率为0.01~10.0 s~(-1)、变形程度为30%~60%条件下的高温变形行为。采用金相显微镜对GH696合金高温压缩变形后的显微组织进行观察。结果表明:较高的变形温度和较低的应变速率有利于GH696合金的动态再结晶。采用加工硬化率-流动应力曲线确定GH696合金的动态再结晶临界应变,应用Avrami方程建立GH696合金的动态再结晶体积分数模型,并根据合金的金相定量试验结果建立GH696合金的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型。     

6061铝合金热变形动态再结晶行为研究

利用Gleeble-3500试验机对6061铝合金进行单道次等温恒应变速率压缩试验,研究合金在应变速率为0.001～1s~(-1),温度为350～500℃热变形条件下的动态再结晶行为。统计试验所得流变应力曲线峰值应力数据,确定合金热变形激活能Q为307.528kJ·mol~(-1),建立合金在不同热变形条件下的流变应力方程,动态再结晶峰值和临界应变模型;依据流变应力曲线特征,计算合金在不同变形条件下的动态再结晶体积分数,据此建立动态再结晶动力学模型。分析流变应力曲线可知铸态6061铝合金在350～500℃下变形,应变速率较低时(0.01s~(-1)),合金组织更容易发生动态再结晶,应力软化现象更明显。     

Monel K-500合金的热变形行为及热加工图

对Monel K-500合金对试样进行了时效处理,让其析出大量碳化物。使用Gleeble-3800热模拟机对Monel K-500合金试样进行了高温压缩试验,研究了该合金在变形温度850~1150℃,应变速率0.01~10 s~(-1)时的流动应力行为。建立了该合金的热压缩本构方程。根据试验数据建立了真应变0.8的热加工图。使用光学显微镜进行了组织分析,确定了合金压缩变形的加工"安全区"和"失稳区"。结果表明:在变形温度850℃、应变速率0.1 s~(-1)时合金开始动态再结晶;合金的热变形激活能为375.32611 k J/mol。合理的热加工参数是:应变速率0.1~0.5 s~(-1)、变形温度1000~1150℃。此时耗散功率在40%左右,再结晶充分,组织细小、均匀。     

新型超高强韧钛合金热变形行为研究

采用Gleeble3800热压缩模拟试验机研究了新型超高强韧TB17钛合金775～905℃温度范围内、应变速率0.001～10 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为。分析了该合金在热变形过程中流变应力软化特点及显微组织演变规律,建立了该合金Arrhenius型本构方程。结果表明:采用不同变形温度,TB17钛合金峰值应力对应变速率敏感程度不同,在相变温度以下变形时,峰值应力对低应变速率敏感;而在相变温度以上变形,峰值应力对高应变速率敏感。应变速率对TB17钛合金显微组织具有重要影响,合金应变速率大于0.1 s~(-1)时,以发生动态回复为主,而应变速率为0.001～0.1 s~(-1)时以发生动态再结晶为主;降低应变速率有利于动态再结晶发生,合金在应变速率0.001 s~(-1)时可获得粒度约25μm的β晶粒。变形温度对动态再结晶具有重要影响,在相变温度以下变形仅发生初生α相再结晶,而在相变温度以上变形则发生β相动态再结晶。TB17钛合金在相变点温度以下的热变形激活能为538.4 kJ/mol,在相变点温度以上的热变形激活能为397.4 kJ/mol,该合金在775～905℃热变形软化机制为晶界滑移机制。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.