利用重组大肠杆菌发酵甘油合成L-丙氨酸

本文探究以甘油为唯一碳源发酵合成L-丙氨酸的可行性。以删除了乙酸、甲酸、乙醇、琥珀酸、乳酸代谢产物合成途径的Escherichia coli B0016-050为出发菌株,用λpL启动子及其调控下的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus stearothermophilus)来源的丙氨酸脱氢酶基因(ala D)替换B0016-050菌株染色体上丙氨酸消旋酶基因(dad X),获得温度控制型L-丙氨酸合成菌株B0016-060BC。菌株B0016-060BC以甘油为唯一碳源进行两阶段发酵(包括菌体生长阶段和L-丙氨酸合成阶段),表明在菌体生长至对数后期起始L-丙氨酸合成或者提高L-丙氨酸发酵阶段的通气量可提高L-丙氨酸合成水平。进一步经5 L发酵罐发酵,可合成63.64 g/L L-丙氨酸,整个发酵阶段体积生产强度达到1.91 g/(L·h)、转化率达到62.89 g/100 g甘油,仅合成少量的乙酸(1.73 g/L)等副产物。实现了以甘油为唯一碳源高效合成L-丙氨酸,为工业应用提供了重要参考。     

代谢工程大肠杆菌高效利用甘油合成丁二酸

为了构建高产丁二酸的重组大肠杆菌,以删除了乙酸激酶和磷酸乙酰转移酶基因(ackA-pta)、乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldhA)和丙酮酸甲酸裂解酶基因(pflB)的大肠杆菌CICIM B0013-025为出发菌株,将其磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(ppc)基因的启动子替换为温度诱导的λ噬菌体启动子P_L-P_R,获得温度调控型的丁二酸合成菌株B0013-026。继而通过发酵条件优化,建立了两阶段发酵法:菌株的生长温度和诱导温度分别为37和42 ℃,以甘油为碳源并添加入5 g/L蛋白胨,发酵产酸阶段在微供氧(100 r/min)条件下进行。在5 L发酵罐中采用最优条件进行发酵,丁二酸的产量、生产强度和甘油转化率分别为62.5 g/L、1.04 g/(L·h)和64.2%,而且发酵液中仅有少量的α-酮戊二酸(3.0 g/L)和乙酸(1.8 g/L)等副产物积累,实现了以甘油为唯一碳源高效合成丁二酸,为其工业化生产提供了重要参考。     

代谢工程改造大肠杆菌合成β-丙氨酸

β-丙氨酸是天然存在的唯一一种β型氨基酸,在医药、食品、化工等领域有重要应用。该研究考察了以重组Escherichia coli发酵合成β-丙氨酸的可能性。在敲除副产物乙酸、甲酸、乙醇、琥珀酸、乳酸合成途径编码基因的Escherichia coli CICIM B0016-050(ack A-pta pfl B adh E frd A ldh A)菌株中,考察叠加敲除β-丙氨酸的竞争途径天冬氨酸激酶、泛酸合成酶和葡萄糖转运蛋白(EⅡCBGlc)的编码基因(lys C、pan C、pts G)以及过表达来源于Corynebacterium glutamicum的pan D基因对合成β-丙氨酸的影响。结果表明,叠加敲除上述基因后,β-丙氨酸的合成量依次提高了12.5%、39.3%和13.3%;过量表达pan D基因,β-丙氨酸合成量提高了86.2倍;经发酵条件优化,菌株B0016-080BB/p PL-pan D摇瓶发酵可合成(5.0±0.2)g/Lβ-丙氨酸,体积生产强度达到(0.12±0.01)g/(L·h)。该结果为发酵法合成β-丙氨酸奠定了基础。     

以甘油为碳源发酵高产反式-4-羟脯氨酸菌株的选育及营养优化

以低品级甘油为碳源进行微生物发酵合成反式-4-羟脯氨酸(Trans-4-hydroxy proline,Hyp)的探索。从实验室构建的重组菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/p UC19-ptrp2-Hyp出发,通过易错PCR随机突变和常压室温等离子体复合诱变处理,利用单菌落琼脂块和氨基酸显色相结合高通量筛选出1株以甘油为唯一碳源的Hyp高产菌P71。与葡萄糖培养基相比,该菌株更适合在甘油上生长并转化L-脯氨酸合成Hyp,发酵20 h产Hyp高达1.20g/L,比生长在葡萄糖培养基上高70%以上;比其出发菌株在葡萄糖培养基上产量提高了1倍以上。通过培养基成分系统优化,发现胰蛋白胨、Fe SO4和L-脯氨酸是3大主要影响因素,最适加量分别为7.01 g/L、11.51 g/L和1.41 mmol/L;在该条件下突变菌株摇瓶发酵12 h产Hyp达1.61 g/L,比优化前提高了50%。     

碳源对圆酵母(Torula sp.)B84512发酵合成赤藓糖醇及副产物甘油的影响

研究了圆酵母(Torula sp.)B84512以不同碳源发酵产赤藓糖醇过程中副产物甘油的生成与消耗情况。发现该菌株在以任何碳源为底物发酵过程中均会产生甘油,且在发酵中后期甘油逐渐被消耗。以甘油为唯一碳源时该菌株合成赤藓糖醇的速率及产率均低于葡萄糖。葡萄糖为圆酵母B84512发酵产赤藓糖醇的最佳碳源。采用分批补料的方式提高赤藓糖醇的产率并期望能抑制甘油的生成,实验结果表明补料至总糖浓度为50%时赤藓糖醇产量最高为253 g/L,产率为1.03 g/(L.h)。但甘油产量与葡萄糖的浓度呈正相关,分批补料并不能有效抑制甘油的生成,反而导致发酵周期大大延长,对于工业化生产极其不利。通过对甘油的生成及消耗过程中关键酶胞浆3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(ctGPD)、3-磷酸甘油酯酶(GPP)、线粒体3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(mtGPD)酶活测定,确定胞浆3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶为甘油合成途径的关键酶,为以后对圆酵母B84512中甘油代谢途径的基因工程改造选育奠定了基础。     

L-苏氨酸发酵过程中乙酸的控制

大肠杆菌是表达外源基因常用的宿主菌,然而在培养过程中容易发生副产物乙酸的积累,不仅造成碳源的浪费,而且严重抑制菌体生长及外源基因的表达.本研究利用一株自主构建的大肠杆菌基因工程菌(MHZ0200-2)发酵生产L-苏氨酸.通过选择合适的发酵条件来控制其副产物乙酸的生成,从而提高L-苏氨酸的产量.L-苏氨酸的初始产量是0.09g/L,培养条件优化后产量提高到2.06g/L.     

产细菌纤维素菌株中间葡糖醋杆菌的分离与发酵条件优化

从中国传统固态发酵食醋醋醅中分离出5株产细菌纤维素(BC)的菌株,经生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,它们均属于中间葡糖醋杆菌(Gluconacetobacter intermedius),其中编号为1-17的菌株初始产量较高。应用扫描电镜技术(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱技术(FT-IR)分析了BC结构特征。采用单因素研究了温度、培养时间、碳源、初始pH对BC合成的影响。确定菌株1-17最适温度为35℃,发酵时间为7d,甘油和葡萄糖为最适碳源,最适初始pH为6.0,乳酸根离子和钙离子能够促进BC的合成。通过培养条件优化使得细菌纤维素产量从初始的(3.90±0.08)g/L增加到(7.90±0.19)g/L。     

碳源和氮源流加方式对ε-聚赖氨酸补料-分批发酵过程的影响

为实现Streptomyces sp.M-Z18补料-分批发酵甘油生产ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)的自动流加碳源和解决因发酵中后期菌体生长速率下降/停滞引起ε-PL合成速率下降的问题,该文首先借助DO-stat反馈补料方法,考察了补料阶段甘油控制在不同浓度范围内对ε-PL合成的影响;然后,通过在发酵中期分别流加牛肉膏和酵母粉,研究了2种有机氮源对发酵中后期菌体生长和ε-PL合成的影响;最后,在2阶段pH调控策略基础上,评价了上述最优控制条件下对Streptomyces sp.M-Z18合成ε-PL的促进作用。实验结果表明,依靠DO-stat反馈补料方式将补料阶段甘油浓度稳定控制在0¹0 g/L,并在发酵96 h开始流加酵母粉和(NH4)2SO4混合液,结合pH值2阶段调控策略(3.5→3.8),经过192 h发酵,可以实现ε-PL产量达到38.77 g/L,产率达到4.85 g/(L·d)。基于碳源和氮源流加方式的优化,建立的DO-stat反馈流加甘油策略和提出的发酵中期流加酵母粉和(NH4)2SO4混合液的方法是提高ε-PL发酵水平的有效方法之一。     

L-丝氨酸产生菌的分离筛选及发酵条件

在含50mL／L的甲醇、5g／L的甘氨酸的基本培养基平板上，从土壤中分离出130多株细菌，测定了它们利用甘氨酸生产L-丝氨酸的能力，获得了一株产L-丝氨酸较好的菌株A3，L-丝氨酸产量最高为1．4g／L，分类学鉴定为微球菌科(Micrococcaceae)，对菌株A3利用甘氨酸发酵生产L-丝氨酸的发酵条件进行了初步研究，包括甘氨酸和甲醇添加量，不同碳源、氮源，初始pH值以及发酵时间对产酸的影响．结果表明，菌株A3在不添加甲醇、只以甘氨酸为惟一碳源的发酵培养基中也能产L-丝氨酸，培养基中较高质量浓度的甘氨酸存在对L-丝氨酸生产是必需的．添加葡萄糖、甘油等外源碳源对菌体生长有利但不利于L-丝氨酸的生产。     

甘油耐受菌Klebsiella pneumoniae XJPD-Li合成1，3-丙二醇的研究

利用自行筛选的1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)合成菌株Klebsiella pneumoniae XJPD-Li进行发酵,考察了甘油浓度对菌株生长及合成1,3-PD的影响。经多次甘油耐受后菌株XJPD-Li在摇瓶培养48 h,菌体生物量(OD_(650))和1,3-PD产量分别达到1.52和11.16 g/L,相比耐受前分别提高48%和159%。在5 L发酵罐批式培养中,甘油耐受后XJPD-Li菌体生物量并未显著增长,但合成1,3-PD的能力却提高了77%,达到53.13 g/L。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press