原油/碱水相互作用热力学

从化学平衡、相平衡原理和Gouy-Chapman扩散双电层理论建立了原油/碱水体系表面活性剂的吸附等温式和界面张力及界面电势方程。测定了大港油田羊三木原油与碱水的界面张力和Zeta电位。结果表明,原油/碱水界面表面活性剂的吸附量虽随水相中NaOH和NaCl浓度而变化,但本质上取决于水相中就地生成的表面活性剂的吸附自由能和表面活性阴离子与其反离子的活度积。碱水中加入NaCl可在低碱浓度时大大促进界面吸附但使界面电势显著下降。理论预测结果与实验结果较为符合。     

C_4醇、油/水双液系中的界面不稳定现象

研究了Ｃ４醇、油／水两相部分互溶和不互溶双液系中起因于溶质界面吸附不平衡的界面不稳定现象。通过对滴加在Ｃ４醇水溶液表面的示踪液滴的运动特征的分析，揭示了该现象的动力学规律。对两类不同体系中不稳定现象动态表现差异的对比研究，进一步显示了多相体系相平衡对溶质Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ现象的影响及双因素自耦合的复合机理。     

木质复合材料界面研究

三．界面的破坏机理复合材料界面的破坏机理是个比较复杂的问题，至今还没有完全搞清楚，笔者只能介绍一些情况和观点。复合材料的实际强度偏离其理论强度，除了一般材料所具有的缺陷、杂质等原因外，还有它本身所具有的特殊原因。如：复合材料在制备的过程中往往会产生收...     

醇在水-硝基乙烷体系中的界面吸附

:研究了正丁醇、异丁醇、正戊醇在硝基乙烷—水体系中的界面吸附 ,测定了不同实验体系中的界面吸附参数 .结果表明 ,不同体系中界面张力与溶液醇浓度间的关系均遵守Langmuir Szyszkowski方程 ,硝基乙烷的存在改变了醇的界面吸附参数 ,降低了醇的表面活性 .     

大分子蛋白界面修饰改善乳液特性研究进展

蛋白界面修饰指在乳液的乳化后阶段直接针对界面蛋白进行的修饰技术,其通过改变界面蛋白膜厚度或提升其强度从而改善乳液理化特性,并可一定程度规避乳化前预修饰蛋白对于乳液特性的某些不良影响,但是截至目前,对于蛋白界面修饰领域仍缺乏深入研究及系统总结。基于此,本文综述了目前研究较为广泛的几种蛋白界面修饰方法,包括酶促交联修饰、多糖修饰、多酚修饰以及氧化修饰,同时阐述了各种方法的作用机制以及对乳液特性的改善效果,并对蛋白界面修饰的未来发展方向作出展望,以期为乳液品质的进一步提高提供理论参考与技术支持。     

Instron：纤细材料最佳夹持方法

德国Instron公司生产的2712气动夹口（图1），夹持力可达250N，尤其适用于柔性敏感材的拉伸测试，且该方法已被证明为最适合这一应用的夹持方法。为避免试样滑移或过早损坏，夹口具有锯齿状钳口界面。光滑界面的钳口也可使用，但需要补充的是，为保证实验的可靠性和可重性，建议在光滑界面钳口使用细纸衬垫试样。     

数据库管理系统的多媒体界面设计

采用多媒体著述工具软件AuthorwareforWindows3.0b18为以Foxpro2．5B生成的简单界面作一个多媒体界面，主要解决如何将Authorware生成的界面与Foxpro数据库相连接，即在Windows环境下两个独立程序间通信与互相调用的问题，并生成符合管理信息系统地位和要求的多媒体界面，即确立多媒体界面的设计风格问题。     

LNG接收站设备界面管理

LNG接收站的主要工艺设备涉及的界面繁多,包括机械、电气、仪表、管道等界面,以设备作为研究对象,按各种专业进行界面的划分,可以整理出清晰的界面关系,为设计、采购、施工提供一个较为全面的指导依据。     

Benney方程新的显式精确解

利用齐次平衡法，借助计算机代数系统Mathematica，得到了Benney方程新的显式精确解，修正和完善了已有文献给出的结果。     

乳状液胶体颗粒界面结构设计研究进展

乳状液是一种以水包油(oil in water,O/W)和油包水(water in oil,W/O)形式稳定分散相的功能因子传递体系。通过对乳状液油-水两相界面进行一定的微结构设计,可以在改善乳状液物理稳定性的同时,提升分散相包封功能因子的化学稳定性。本文综述了目前在乳状液中具有应用前景的4种胶体颗粒界面结构设计(复合界面结构设计、多层界面结构设计、颗粒界面结构设计、综合界面结构设计)及其在乳状液中的应用,为未来通过改变胶体颗粒界面组成和结构而获得具有特定理化性质和功能的结构化乳状液提供参考。     

二阶线性常系数非齐次常微分方程的分解式讲授方法

针对一般函数f(x)作为自由项的二阶线性常系数非齐次常微分方程y"+py'+qy=f(x),提出一种新的讲授方法(暂时称之为分解式讲授方法).该方法针对方程的具体形式,最终分解成两种情况分别加以讨论,一次性地得到方程的通解,不需要单独求解特解.     

阶梯变截面超静定梁内力变形的通用解析法

以等截面梁内力变形通用方程为基础，采用有限元划分单元的思想，使用矩阵递推公式化简得出了求解两端任意支承、中间有若干铰支座和中铰的静定超静定阶梯变截面梁的约束反力及内力变形的通用方程．并使用实例验证了该方程，该方程的形式规则统一，计算过程简单，稍加改进可以推广到平面刚架的内力和变形计算中去。     

Desorption isotherms of shelled maize: whole, dehulled and hulls

Water vapour desorption isotherms of whole kernel maize were determined at 40, 50 and 60°C, and those of dehulled kernels and hulls at 50 and 60°C. It was found that while whole and dehulled kernels show similar equilibrium moisture contents, the hull gives lower values. Equilibrium data were modelled with two-parameter equations. It was found that the Henderson equation is best for describing the equilibrium data for whole kernels, while the Halsey equation was more appropriate for hulls. A simple semi-theoretical equation was used to model the effect of temperature on the equilibrium values of whole maize kernels for the three temperatures investigated. BET heats of desorption and the isosteric heat curves were calculated for whole kernels and hull. It was found that the BET heat values correlate quite well with the isosteric heat values at the monolayer moisture content.     

Water activity of multicomponent mixture of solutes and non-solutes

An equation has been derived to calculate the water activity (A_w) of multicomponent mixtures of solutes and non‐solutes. The equation is based on a previous Caurie adsorption equation and it depends on the number of component ingredients and the initial moisture contents of the ingredients in the mixture. Solute and non‐solute/water interaction effects in solution were identified as playing important roles in determining accurate equilibrium A_ws of the aqueous mixtures. The new equation allows for interaction effects in mixed solution/suspensions and has been tested on model foods (the data was taken from the literature) containing up to five solutes and non‐solute components. The equation displays a high degree of accuracy. Unlike the Ross equation, which applies only approximately to mixtures of dilute solutions, the new equation applies to mixtures at all solution concentrations and to wet solids.     

一类双变量矩阵方程广义自反Ls解的迭代算法

借鉴求线性矩阵方程约束最小二乘（Ls）解的修正共轭梯度法,建立了求特殊类型的双矩阵变量线性矩阵方程的广义自反Ls解的迭代算法,证明了迭代算法的收敛性．利用该算法可在有限步迭代计算后求得矩阵方程的一组广义自反Ls解,选取特殊的初始矩阵时,可求得矩阵方程的极小范数广义自反Ls解．此外,还可求得在该矩阵方程的广义自反Ls解集合中对给定矩阵的最佳逼近．数值算例表明,迭代算法是有效的．     

Mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration of bananas (Musa sapientum,shum.)

Osmotic dehydration is used widely to partially remove water from plant tissues by immersion in a hypertonic solution. In this work, the influence of temperature (25–55 °C), sugar concentration (30–60%) and salt concentration (0–10%) of the osmotic solution was investigated during osmotic dehydration of banana (Musa sapientum, shum.). Mass transfer kinetics were modelled according to Peleg’s equation. Kinetic parameters were evaluated using response surface methodology. Peleg’s equation showed to be suitable for modelling the water removal and solute uptake. Initial rate of water loss and water concentration at equilibrium were influenced by linear factors of the three independent variables. Initial rate of sucrose uptake and sucrose uptake at equilibrium were affected by all factors and interactions. Initial rate of salt uptake and salt concentration at equilibrium showed a positive correlation with temperature and NaCl concentration and a negative correlation with sucrose concentration.     

非线性Pochhammer-Chree方程的质量集中有限元法

用Galakin有限元方法求解方程utt-uttxx-uxx-(1/p)(up)xx=0的初边值问题时,按照所构造的全离散格式要得到质量矩阵用一般的数值积分公式计算比较复杂;本文用质量集中有限元方法构造了该方程初边值问题的全离散质量集中格式;采用特定的数值积分公式,将其质量矩阵变为对角阵,从而有效地简化了质量矩阵的计算过程.结果且仍可得到H1模最优阶误差估计.     

利用旋量和对偶数矩阵法的空间机构动力学分析

用旋量计算和对偶数矩阵法对空间机构作动力学分析．在杆件上加惯性力后，可用动静法得到对偶动力学平衡方程，并以空间五杆机构ＲＣＲＣＲ为例，说明该分析方法的应用．     

Extension of Einstein's viscosity equation to that for concentrated dispersions of solutes and particles

A viscosity equation for concentrated solutions or suspensions is derived as an extension of Einstein's hydrodynamic viscosity theory for dilute dispersions of spherical particles. The derivation of the equation is based on the calculation of dissipation of mechanical energy into heat in the dispersion, subtracting the energy dissipation in the portion of solutes or particles. The viscosity equation derived thus was well fitted to the viscosity-concentration relationship of the concentrated aqueous solutions of glucose and sucrose. For the suspensions of bakers' yeast, the concentration dependency of viscosity was expressed well with some modification for the flow pattern around suspended particles. It is suggested that these viscosity equations can be widely applied to both diluted and concentrated dispersions of various solutes and particles.     

等离子体中带有交叉扩散的反应-扩散模型的图灵不稳定性和行波

磁约束等离子体中湍流、剪切流相互作用的模型得到了广泛研究,其中图灵斑图的形成成为研究重点.本文研究交叉扩散对一类磁约束等离子体模型的影响.首先通过线性化分析,研究了系统平衡点的稳定性,发现交叉扩散是导致斑图形成的关键因素.其次,通过将时间、空间尺度展开成快慢尺度后,用弱的非线性分析的方法,得到斑图的振幅方程由实Ginzburg-Landau方程确定.