固溶及时效处理对AZ80镁合金显微组织的影响

对AZ80镁合金铸态及经不同保温时间下的固溶、时效处理后的显微组织进行观察和分析,结果表明:420℃×2 h固溶和250℃×15 h时效对AZ80镁合金的显微组织有优化作用。     

变形、时效对AZ80镁合金组织性能的影响

研究了变形、时效对AZ80镁合金组织性能的影响.铸态AZ80镁合金经470℃×8h固溶处理,然后在400℃条件下进行不同变形量的热轧变形,变形后的部分镁合金进行170℃×16 h时效处理.结果表明,随着变形量的增加晶粒得到细化,当变形量达到80％时,晶粒尺寸由铸态的105 μ.m细化到3 μm,此时抗拉强度达到282.49 MPa;合金的伸长率先增加后减小,变形量为50％时伸长率达到最大,为24.21％;屈服强度先降低后增加.     

固溶/时效处理对体育器械用AZ80镁合金性能的影响

通过硬度测试、室温拉伸试验、室温疲劳试验,研究了AZ80镁合金在轧制、固溶、时效以及固溶+时效4种状态下的力学性能和疲劳寿命。结果表明:固溶处理对AZ80镁合金硬度提高效果不大,时效处理、固溶+时效处理均可以提高AZ80镁合金硬度,AZ80镁合金经固溶+时效处理后硬度比轧制态提高38%,效果最为明显。固溶处理使AZ80镁合金强度降低,伸长率提高,时效处理、固溶+时效处理使其强度提高,伸长率降低。在较低应变振幅(0.4%)条件下,热处理AZ80镁合金疲劳寿命小于轧制态。在中高应变振幅(0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)条件下,热处理提高了AZ80镁合金疲劳寿命,其中时效处理试样疲劳寿命最佳。在超高应变振幅(1.2%)条件下,热处理对提高AZ80镁合金疲劳寿命效果不明显。     

AZ80镁合金第二相体积分数对其拉伸性能的影响

通过对AZ80镁合金进行不同温度和时间下的固溶时效处理,然后在室温下进行拉伸试验,获得AZ80镁合金的拉伸性能数据。在光学显微镜下观察不同热处理状态下的第二相分布,并利用Micro-image AnalysisProcess软件测定第二相的体积分数。将所得的数据利用MATLAB软件进行模拟拟合。结果表明,当固溶温度为350℃,固溶时间为5 h,时效温度为180℃,时效时间为24 h时,AZ80镁合金的抗拉强度最大,达到344. 4 MPa; AZ80镁合金的第二相体积分数(Ψ)与伸长率(A)的以10为底的对数值之间存在线性关系,并且关系式为lg(A)=-0. 0055×Ψ+1. 29。     

热处理对汽车用AZ91镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

研究了汽车用AZ91镁合金挤压后固溶时效处理对其微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:AZ91镁合金的微观组织主要由基体α-Mg和约20.6wt%的β-Mg17Al12相组成,晶粒平均尺寸约为22μm。固溶处理后合金发生再结晶,β相完全回溶到α-Mg基体,约有15.6wt%的二次β相在时效过程中析出。AZ91镁合金在410℃固溶8 h后拉伸强度略微增大,而固溶处理16 h后拉伸强度降低。合金随后在200℃时效8~16 h的过程中析出细小二次β相,增加了晶内位错运动和晶界滑动阻力,使合金的拉伸强度逐渐增大。时效24 h后因细小二次β相的粗化而使合金力学性能降低。挤压态AZ91镁合金较优的固溶时效工艺为:410℃×8 h,空冷+200℃×16 h,空冷。     

固溶时效处理对Mg-10Al-1Zn镁合金组织与性能的影响

研究了固溶时效工艺对铝含量为10%的Mg-10Al-1Zn镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:430℃固溶处理10 h后,合金中第二相完全固溶,再经时效处理后,第二相以点状均匀析出,同时析出一定数量的层片状组织。固溶时效处理后,合金强度、硬度大幅提高,经430℃×10 h固溶+250℃×6 h时效处理后,硬度由铸态的69.5 HBW提高到85.8 HBW,抗拉强度由铸态的144.99 MPa提高到303.36 MPa,伸长率提高了一倍。     

热处理对挤压镁合金AZ91和ZK60组织与性能的影响

通过力学性能测定以及金相显微组织观察,对挤压态AZ91和ZK60镁合金的热处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明,AZ91合金固溶态与挤压态相比抗拉强度变化不大,但伸长率有较大幅度的提高;时效硬度峰值时的抗拉强度与固溶态相比有一定的提高,但伸长率有较大幅度的降低。ZK60合金固溶态与挤压态相比抗拉强度和伸长率均有相当程度地降低,且时效硬度峰值时的抗拉强度与同溶态相比有一定的提高,伸长率也有较大幅度的降低。AZ91合金固溶处理后晶粒尺寸与挤压态相比有所增大,但ZK60合金固溶处理后晶粒尺寸显著粗化。同时,两种合金固溶时效处理后伴有强化相粒子析出。     

喷射成形7055铝合金热处理工艺与力学性能的研究

主要研究了喷射成形7055铝合金经过反挤压成型以及热处理后的金相显微组织和力学性能.对挤压态合金进行固溶处理和时效处理后得到了时效硬化曲线并进行了力学性能测试.结果显示:480℃×2h的固溶制度为最佳固溶制度;通过测试硬度值确定最佳单级时效制度为120℃×18h,其硬度可达209HV.抗拉强度为692.12MPa,伸长率为3%.为了进一步提高该合金的伸长率,又对固溶处理件进行双级时效处理(120℃×3h 160℃×4h),其硬度为205HV,抗拉强度为683MPa,伸长率为9.5%.     

热处理对2A97铝锂合金轧板微观组织与力学性能的影响

研究了新型高强2A97铝锂合金在不同的热处理状态下的微观组织及力学性能.结果表明:轧制态2A97铝锂合金经过热处理后,硬度得到了大幅度提高;520℃×80 min固溶+165℃×30 h时效处理,布氏硬度值高达187 HB,抗拉强度为510 MPa,伸长率为8%;时效初期硬度下降,出现回归现象,随着时效时间延长,合金硬度逐步升高,时效30 h,硬度接近峰值.     

非平衡凝固AZ91+0.75%Er镁合金及其热处理

采用铜模喷铸技术制备出AZ91+0.75%Er(质量分数)稀土镁合金非平衡凝固试棒,研究了低温时效及高温固溶对合金组织和显微硬度的影响规律。结果表明,稀土元素的添加及冷却速率的提高均有利于细化AZ91镁合金组织,其中后者影响效果更加明显。急冷条件下的溶质截留效应还可以消除铸态稀土镁合金中的Al-Er针状化合物相。非平衡凝固合金经200℃时效处理后,β相从过饱和固溶体中析出。时效16 h后,Mg-Er稀土化合物相以颗粒团聚状从基体中形成。420℃固溶处理时,非平衡凝固合金中β相发生溶解,晶粒形貌转变为多边形等轴晶组织,平均晶粒尺寸随固溶时间的延长而不断增加。非平衡凝固及后续时效处理可有效提高稀土镁合金的显微硬度,而固溶条件下合金硬度值有所降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.