浅析工程机械供应商热处理系统评估要点

工程机械中大多数零部件需要进行热处理以提高其力学性能,多数需热处理的零部件均为采购件,故热处理类供应商在工程机械供应链中占有极其重要的地位,本文从人、机、料、法、环、测等方面对热处理类供应商的评估进行了分析。     

基于模糊层次分析法的风电机组零部件风险评估

风电机组整机质量水平与零部件风险状态密切相关,不同零部件对整机质量水平的影响程度不尽相同。文中提出一种基于模糊层次分析法的风电机组零部件风险评估模型,以零部件自身价值、零部件缺陷发现难易程度、零部件缺陷率、零部件缺陷影响程度、零部件缺陷纠正难易程度和零部件对客户满意度的影响构建指标模型,通过模糊层次分析法确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评判法对零部件进行风险评判,实现零部件风险等级分类。     

基于质量追溯的面向订单装配的供应链质量控制机制设计

考虑最终产品制造商作为面向订单装配系统的供应链核心企业,并采用质量追溯对零部件供应商进行质量控制,建立了基于质最追溯的面向订单装配的供应链质量控制模型,并对模型进行了理论及数值仿真分析,得出了最终产品制造商的最优质量控制机制,包括零部件采购价格、供应商赔偿系数和利润转移最等.研究表明,当零部件供应商的保留收益较小时,最终产品制造商可以设计出合理的零部件采购价格和供应商赔偿系数,使供应商在自利行为驱使下按制造商设定的质量水平提供零部件;当零部件供应商的保留收益较大时,则需要设计利润转移机制,以修正质量控制机制,促使供应商自愿选择其要求的质量水平,最大化最终产品制造商的利润.     

大规模定制环境下ATO供应链的混合补货策略

考虑按订单装配供应链由一个制造商和多个零部件供应商组成,按订单装配制造商对部分零部件采用准时制生产补货,其余零部件采用(Q,r)补货,建立了大规模定制环境下的按订单装配供应链零部件生产补货模型,研究了按订单装配制造商的混合补货策略和零部件供应商的生产策略,给出了制造商采用准时制生产补货方式的条件和供应链最优生产补货策略的寻优算法.理论和数值仿真分析表明,制造商应对采购价格较高、提前期较长或需求方差较大的零部件采用准时制生产补货方式,能够降低供应链库存成本,提高供应链利润.     

汽车产业供应链风险等级评估体系研究

供应链安全一直是整车制造企业工作中的重点,在贸易保护主义、新冠肺炎疫情影响等一系列冲击下,中国汽车产业供应链受到了巨大影响。本文从供应商风险等级评估角度出发,提出行业通用的供应链风险评估指标体系,帮助整车制造企业实现风险把控。本文的研究成果有利于科学衡量汽车行业零部件供应商风险水平,正确引导企业开展供应链管理体系建设,同时为政府制定汽车产业供应链发展政策提供参考依据。     

规避低端竞争技术胜者得天下

我国风电产业的发展速度快,直接带动了齿轮、法兰、主轴等配套零部件产业的快速发展.整机厂对风电机组配套零部件的旺盛需求,但目前零部件配套企业的核心技术水平和自主创新能力普遍较低,生产供应能力薄弱.     

含供应商竞争的寄售供应链运营决策

为了研究引入供应商竞争对基于收益共享的寄售模式下供应链收益的影响,针对含两供应商和单零售商的供应链结构,分别构建收益共享寄售契约下的集中决策、完全分散决策和供应商联合决策模型,分析了这三种情境下供应商竞争对系统最优决策和均衡收益的影响,并比较了它们的供应链绩效.结果表明,集中决策下的供应链收益始终优于完全分散决策和半分散决策.当供应商之间的竞争较小时,供应商采取联合决策只能改善其自身收益,会损害供应商和供应链整体的收益;而当供应商竞争较大时,供应商联合决策可以实现供应链各方收益的Pareto改进.进一步给出三种决策情境下供应链收益对需求价格弹性和交叉价格弹性的敏感性分析.     

基于DM的供应商战略评估和选择的研究

数据仓库和数据挖掘技术已经在供应链的下游部分,即客户关系管理部分应用的比较成熟,但在供应链的上游部分,即供应商管理方面应用的还不是很成熟。如何对现有的供应商进行战略评估,选出优秀的供应商进行长期战略合作,淘汰不合格的供应商;如何从成千上万个新供应商中客观、准确地选出对自身最有价值的供应商,是企业非常关心的问题。本文将数据仓库和数据挖掘技术应用于供应商战略评估和选择,辅助采购决策者作出科学、合理的决策。     

基于斯坦克尔伯格博弈的入厂物流利益协调问题

为探讨入厂物流的利益协调问题,提出了由一个制造商和两个零部件供应商组成的两阶供应链.以零部件供应商库存成本和制造商运输成本最小化为目标,以博弈论为基础,建立了由制造商为主方,零部件供应商为从方的两阶斯坦科尔伯格主从博弈模型.制造商采取共同订货期为基础订货和循环取货的方式,并通过相应激励来诱使供应商参与合作.该供应链协调策略实现了两阶供应链库存一配送的联合优化.通过求解斯坦克尔伯格博弈模型,得出了最优的共同订货期.订货期倍数和激励奖金的数值解.最后给出了算法和仿真分析.仿真分析讨论了相关参数变化对制造商成本、零部件供应商成本和系统总成本的影响.     

汽车零部件涂装品质管控过程的研究

为了使汽车零部件涂装供应链稳健及品质得到有效保证,从涂装供应商导入到量产稳定供货的全过程品质管控展开研究,并采取了相应的措施对汽车零部件涂装品质进行过程控制,大大提高了涂装供应商的生产效率,有效提供了装车零部件的稳定供应与品质可靠性。     

基于Supply-Hub的两源供货横向协同策略研究

在装配制造供应链中,为了避免供应中断的风险,制造商往往向多个供应商采购相同的零部件,即采用多源供货方式。近年来,随着越来越多的装配制造企业采用准时制(Just in time,JIT)方式进行生产运作,Supply-Hub模式作为一种有效支持JIT运作的供应物流运作模式,在装配制造供应链中也逐渐得到了广泛应用。Supply-Hub不仅是供应链中零部件物流的枢纽节点,更重要的是,它还起到信息集中平台的作用,掌握各方供应商的库存和补货信息,这使供应相同零件的供应商之间实现横向协同运作成为可能。目前,虽然已有较多关于多源供货问题的研究文献,但仍还没有文献涉及供应同种零件的供应商之间横向协同的问题。基于Supply-Hub模式,通过数学建模分析,研究一种两个供应相同零件的供应商利用Supply-Hub,在横向共享库存信息条件下的协同补货策略,并通过算例对该协同补货策略的有效性进行验证分析。研究结果表明,运用横向协同补货策略,在不降低系统服务水平的情况下,可以明显降低供应链系统的总成本。     

利用作业成本法进行供应商的选择与评价

现代管理思想的采用和全球竞争的加剧,促使越来越多的企业将自己的非核心业务实行外包,并建立和维持长期稳固的采购供应商关系,采用科学的方法对供应商进行评价、选择和组合至关重要,传统的供应商评价和选择方法具有主观性过强等缺点,利用作业成本法可以有效地克服这些缺点,本文在简要叙述作业2成本法的基本概念的基础上,详细分析了对供应商进行评价和选择时采用作业成本法的一般模型,计算实例,分析了作业成本法在评价和选择供应商方面的适用条件;最后,分析了基于作业成本法的供应商评价和选择的决策支持系统的一般框架。     

A multi-objective supply chain model integrated with location of distribution centers and supplier selection decisions

Today, in the competitive markets, supply chain works as an interrelating network of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers, to satisfy customer demands. Coordinating all parts of the supply chain is a multi-level process and needs important decisions that affect on the performance of each part and whole supply chain and some conflicting objectives should be considered. In this paper, the supplier selection problem is integrated with production decision and distributor location problems and a new mathematical model is proposed. Delivery time, total cost, and quality are the objective functions considered and weighting method is used to solve the multi-objective problem. A modified genetic algorithm is proposed to obtain Pareto optimal solution sets. Computational experiments are included for validation of proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm gives high-quality solutions as well as better computational times.     

供应商产出随机下基于风险共享的供应链协同模型

为降低供应链上游的供应风险,研究了供应商随机产出下两供应商-单制造商系统在溢出库存惩罚下的风险共享协同模型。分析了集中决策下供应链系统最优批量决策,以及溢出库存惩罚下供应商和制造商各自的最优批量决策;证明了在存在溢出库存惩罚下,供应商和供应商、供应商和制造商之间存在纳什均衡,且纳什均衡下供应链利润不大于供应链系统的最优利润值。为达到供应链系统的最优利润,提出了溢出库存惩罚下基于风险共享的供应链协同模型。通过案例分析说明,制造商通过调整满足一定关系的订货量、制造商风险共享系数和供应商风险共享系数,能使得独立决策下供应链达到集中决策下的供应链利润。     

双渠道两阶段供应链网络均衡模型

研究了在电子商务环境下产品存在现货市场时,由供应商和制造商组成的两层供应链网络在两阶段交易情况下的均衡问题。模型考虑了供应链同一层次企业间存在竞争和不同层次企业间存在交易成本的情况,研究了两阶段交易网络均衡问题,建立了供应商和制造商的决策模型,给出了求解算法并做了算例分析。求解得到的均衡产量、订货量和均衡价格对供应链上企业决定生产规模和销售价格等,均有指导意义。     

Integrated supply chain design using multi-criteria optimization

Supply chain management (SCM) presents significant opportunities for improving profit margins and reducing cost. It encompasses functional and geographical integration as well as integration of tactical and operational decisions. The functional integration aspects involve purchasing, manufacturing, and logistics within the company and across the supply chain. A supply chain design framework has been developed including linear/mixed integer multi-criteria optimization models for determining the identified supply chain design parameters. The selection of suppliers, determination of production quantities, inventory locations and sizes, selection of transportation method and transported quantities in a multi-stage, multi-level supply chain are investigated. Additional criteria including first-time quality (FTQ) and suppliers on-time delivery risk with and without allowing splitting of customer demand between suppliers are considered. An example of typical automotive power train supply chain design and decision issues is used to illustrate the effect of various factors.     

The right time and place [strategic positioning and competitive space]

Increasingly in the UK, companies that have traditionally considered themselves as manufacturers are being advised to now see themselves as service providers and to reconsider whether to have any production capability. A key challenge is to translate this strategy into a selection of product and service-centred activities within the company's supply chain networks. Strategic positioning is concerned with the choice of business activities a company carries out itself, compared to those provided by suppliers, partners, distributors and even customers. In practice, strategic positioning is directly impacted by such decisions as outsourcing, off-shoring, partnering, technology innovation, acquisition and exploitation. If companies can better understand their strategic positioning, they can make more informed decisions about the adoption of alternative manufacturing and supply chain activities. Similarly, they are more likely to reject those that, like off-shoring, are currently en vogue but are highly likely to erode competitive edge and business success. Our research has developed a new concept we call 'competitive space' as a means of appreciating the strategic positioning of companies, along with a structured decision process for managing competitive space. Our ideas about competitive space, along with the decision process itself, have been developed and tested on a range of manufacturers. As more and more manufacturers are encouraged to move towards system integration and a serviceable business model, the challenge is to identify the appropriate strategic position for their organisations, or in other words, to identify their optimum competitive space for manufacture.     

恩智浦推出汽车信息娱乐解决方案

<正>随着数字广播在全球各个主要市场强势增长,越来越多的汽车OEM厂商和一级汽车供应商开始提供车载数字广播系统.作为汽车娱乐半导体产品的制造商,恩智浦半导体(如下简称恩智浦)推出了多标准软件无线电协处理器。该处理器能够对所有三种主要数字式地面无线电标准进行解码,包括Digital Radio Mondiale~(TM)(DRM)、HD Radio~(TM)和DAB/DAB+/T-DMB。据了解,恩智浦于在2014年国际消费电子展上推出     

Greater than the sum of its parts [outsourced manufacturing]

In the world of electronics manufacturing, numerous complex supply chains encompassing product specifiers and designers, manufacturers, material suppliers, transporters, packagers, and distributors are evident. Each link in the supply chain has its own cost base with a desire to keep costs down while increasing profit. To help companies calculate the best manufacturing strategy tailored to their needs, Flextronics has developed a global supply chain analysis tool called Simplex. This tool provides a complete cost analysis of the total supply chains, including the best source for raw material, turnaround time, logistics cost, cost of capital, and inventory.