防止中间包水口堵塞新技术

简要介绍国外一种防止连铸中间包水口堵塞新技术，采用这种技术，可以实现在整个连铸过程中的低过热度浇注而不堵塞水口。     

冷却水口降低钢水过热度的工业试验

 降低钢水的浇注过热度是提高连铸坯等轴晶率的有效措施。利用浸入水口冷却装置的导热平衡,设计气雾冷却水口装置和在线冷却介质检测与控制系统,在淮钢150 mm×150 mm方坯连铸机上进行冷却水口降低钢水过热度的初步工业试验,结果表明气雾冷却装置可以实现稳定操作,冷却介质在线调控系统可以满足浇注参数波动的需要,冷却芯导热系数与冷却芯/铜壁的界面热阻是影响传热的关键,降低浇注过热度约4 ℃。     

水冷水口内钢液凝固前沿的模拟计算研究

为了降低钢液的过热度,设计了一种水冷水口,使它能够应用在实际生产中.根据模拟计算结果发现,在拉速一定的条件下,过热度和冷却强度对钢液的凝固前沿有着显著的影响.应用此水冷水口有合适的过热度和冷却强度.     

板坯结晶器内流场作用下钢液传热凝固的数值模拟

以钢厂230 mm×2 150 mm板坯连铸机为研究对象,通过三维数值模拟分析了拉坯速度(0.8～2.3m/min)、水口浸入深度(100～200 mm)、铸坯宽度(1 100～2 150 mm)对结晶器内流场作用下的钢液传热、凝固特征的影响。结果表明,拉坯速度等参数变化不会改变结晶器内钢液流动的基本特征,但会显著影响到结晶器内窄边坯壳的发育状况。水口浸深、铸坯宽度和拉坯速度的变化对于结晶器熔池液面钢水过热度也有不同程度影响:小断面,大拉速和水口浸入深度较小时熔池液面过热度较大,最大达6.2 K。     

CSl00滑动水口机构在300 t钢包上的应用

马钢新区的生产流程为300 t转炉-LF-RH-250 mm×2 150 mm CC.INTESTOP CS 100滑动水口机构最大标准浇注水口直径为100 mm,用于300 t钢包.生产实践表明,该滑板最大连用次数为6炉,每套机构平均使用600次,使用该机构可以显著降低操作费用,提升滑动水口的可靠性.介绍了INTERSTOP CS100滑动水口机构的主要技术参数,使用经验和使用过程存在的问题.     

同质芯冷却水口浇铸SUS430铁素体不锈钢试验研究

为了开发同质芯冷却水口,采用适宜规格同质芯冷却水口对SUS430铁素体不锈钢进行板坯模拟试验研究.结果表明,使用快速流动空气作为冷却介质时,长度190 mm、直径20 mm的冷却水口浇铸顺利.水口烘烤良好、保持一定液位高度是顺利浇铸的必要条件.100 kg级规模试验中钢水过热度降低26℃,相应等轴晶率达到80%.     

基于有限元法的布流器水口结构优化研究

为了研究布流器水口结构与铸轧工艺参数的取值这2个关键因素对薄带产品质量的影响,基于有限元分析软件,建立三维铸轧熔池流热耦合模型。布流器水口结构的部分参数通过正交试验的方法进行了优化,并分析了结构参数对熔池的影响。根据优化后的参数,重新建立模型,研究了铸轧工艺参数对熔池温度场的影响规律。结果表明,布流器侧面水口锥角的取值对熔池出口温度差值影响最大,端面水口倾角主要影响自由液面湍动能差,优化后的熔池模型自由液面湍动能以及熔池出口温度分布更加均匀;熔池出口温度与铸轧速度、过热度呈线性关系,从而得出过热度和铸轧速度的合理取值范围,这为实际生产过程提供理论依据。     

同质芯冷却水口浇铸SUS430铁索体不锈钢试验研究

为了开发同质芯冷却水口，采用适宜规格同质芯冷却水口对SUS430铁素体不锈钢进行板坯模拟试验研究。结果表明，使用快速流动空气作为冷却介质时，长度190mm、直径20mm的冷却水口浇铸顺利。水口烘烤良好、保持一定液位高度是顺利浇铸的必要条件。100kg级规模试验中钢水过热度降低26℃，相应等轴晶率达到80％。     

降低长水口颈部应力的研究

长水口颈部应力过大是其颈部开裂的主要原因。本文运用有限单元法，计算了长水口在工作状态下的热应力和振动引起的机械应力，发现造成颈部应力过大的主要原因是热应力；增加水口内壁不与钢水接触的长度可有效降低水口颈部应力。增加水口内壁不与钢水接触的长度可通过在水口内壁上部喷涂隔热材料或采用延伸扩大内孔直径的方式实现。     

适合漏斗型薄板坯连铸结晶器三孔水口的水模型优化

 采用1∶1的水模型研究了5种不同底孔直径(16～28mm)的三孔水口下漏斗型薄板坯结晶器内的流场、液面特征和卷渣行为。结果表明：在常规工艺参数下,5种三孔水口下结晶器内钢液的流场都是典型的“双辊流”,且流场稳定;在5种三孔水口下结晶器液面波动都较平稳,且波动范围都在±(3～5)mm之间。5种不同水口下结晶器液面主要发生剪切卷渣,漩涡卷渣很少发生。试验得知：在水口浸入深度280mm,拉速为5m/min时,剪切卷渣发生的钢液临界表面速度是0.32m/s,与文献报道的模型计算值较吻合。在水口浸入深度280mm、拉速为5m/min的条件下,适合薄板坯连铸的最佳的三孔水口的底孔直径为22mm。     

基于有限元法的布流器水口结构优化研究

In order to study influence of the two key factors of the nozzle structure of the delivery system and casting process parameters on the product quality?? a three- dimensional casting and rolling pool flow- heat coupling model was established based on the finite element analysis software. The orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the nozzle structure parameters of the delivery system?? and the influence of structural parameters on molten pool was analyzed. The model was re- established with the optimized parameters obtained?? and the influence of casting process parameters on the temperature fields of the molten pool was studied. The results show that the taper angle of side nozzles has the greatest influence on the outlet temperature difference. The inclination of the nozzle at end face mainly affects the free surface kinetic energy. The distribution of free surface kinetic energy and outlet temperature of the optimized molten pool is more uniform. The outlet temperature of molten pool is linearly related to casting- rolling speed and superheat degree?? the range of superheat degree and casting- rolling speed is obtained in reason?? which provides a theoretical basis for the actual production process.     

特大圆坯连铸用新型浸入式水口的设计与研究

 针对特大截面圆坯连续浇铸的特点,基于依靠浸入式水口自身结构减小钢流冲击深度,同时保证流动与传热沿周向分布均匀的思想,首次提出了新型浸入式伞形水口设计方案,并建立了结晶器内钢水的流-热-固耦合模型,对钢水的流动、传热和凝固行为进行了数值耦合模拟分析,验证了此水口的优越性与合理性：伞形水口的射流在结晶器内形成上下两个回流区,不仅有利于夹杂物、气体等的上浮分离,还能有效降低钢流冲击深度,使过热钢液均匀分布在结晶器上部,可提高弯月面温度和化渣效果;沿周向凝壳生长均匀,减轻了纵裂纹的萌生概率;在0.35m/min拉速下,出结晶器凝壳厚度达到31.2mm,满足安全生产要求。     

Control of Equiaxed Crystal Ratio of High Carbon Steel Billets by Circular Seam Cooling Nozzle

 A circular seam cooling nozzle and its online control system have been developed to reduce the center segregation in high carbon steel billets by decreasing the superheat of the molten steel and improving the equiaxed crystal ratio based on the numerical results. An industrial experiment has been carried out on a 150 mm×150 mm caster to investigate the effect of the circular seam cooling nozzle on the superheat removal of the molten steel. The results show that the circular seam cooling nozzle can be used to control the casting temperature in a closed loop control system. The online control system can be effectively adapted to the variation of operating parameters. The casting lasts about 4 h and about 400 t steel is successfully produced in a continuous operation. The removal of about 14 ℃ superheat and the improvement of approximate 10% equiaxed crystal ratio can be achieved by the newly developed circular seam cooling nozzle.     

Effect of Nozzle Angle on Flow Field and Temperature Distribution in a Billet Mould when using Swirl Flow

Recently, interesting effects have been noted in studies of swirl flow, particularly regarding billet moulds when considering a specific divergent angle of the immersion nozzle. Therefore, in the present work a numerical analysis and water model study of the mould region of a continuous casting apparatus are performed with changing the outlet divergent angles of the immersion nozzle using swirling flow in the pouring tube, to control the heat and mass transfer in the continuous casting mould. To make our studies consistent with the previous research, which was done based on a square billet, this time we investigate round billets. The results show that the distance from the meniscus of the centres of both the lower and upper circulation loops decreases systematically with increasing the divergent angle. This, in turn, leads to: (i) a more active heat and mass transport near the meniscus (particularly over 100°); (ii) a gradual change from a concentric circulation to a more clearly logarithmic spiral from the mould wall to the nozzle on the meniscus, which leads to more active heat and mass transfer; (iii) a decreased penetration depth of nozzle outlet flow (even at a comparatively small divergent angle such as 20°) and a superheat dissipation in the melt.     

Effects of several casting parameters on slag entrapment in mould (part B:numerical modeling)

Based on the effects of several casting parameters on slag entrapment in the mould (water modeling),the numerical modeling was researched. The results show that the flow field with a submerged nozzle section dimension of 65 mm×80 mm is better than that with a submerged nozzle section dimension of 40 mm×40 mm and is favorable for avoiding slag entrapment. In this paper,low surface velocity,small level fluctuation and proper impact depth can be achieved with a nozzle of an outlet angle of 25° and an immersion depth of 150 mm,or with a prototype nozzle of an outlet angle of 15° angle and an immersion depth of 150 mm.     

180 t转炉氧枪喷头的设计和优化

基于氧枪设计的经典理论,得出180 t转炉5孔氧枪喷头的入口直径55 mm,喉口直径37.2 mm,出口直径50.8 mm,收缩段长度44.6 mm,扩张段长度97.2 mm,喉口长度5 mm;采用CFD流体仿真软件模拟在相同环境温度下喷孔夹角13°~17°时氧枪射流流场,得出15°为180 t转炉氧枪最优喷孔夹角,其射流具有较强的穿透能力和较大的有效冲击面积。     

浸入式水口结构对409 L钢连铸坯表面“卷渣”的影响

基于太钢409 L钢连铸生产工艺及板坯连铸机工艺参数,采用水模型实验和工业试验相结合方式研究了浸入式水口结构对结晶器内钢水流动行为及其对连铸坯[200 mm×(1 060～1 240 mm)]表面"卷渣"的影响。结果表明:使用原浸入式水口(侧孔48 mm×70 mm,和上倾15°)结晶器内钢液流场不稳定,对应连铸坯表面存在严重"卷渣"缺陷;在不改变水口结构条件下,上倾5°和上倾10°水口均无法解决连铸坯表面"卷渣";32 mm×52 mm小侧孔水口能有效解决小断面[200 mm×(900～1100 mm)]或低拉速(0.7～0.9 m/min)时409 L钢表面"卷渣";Φ60 mm内径水口对应结晶器中心平均波高在3.5～4.5mm,连铸坯表面"卷渣"缺陷由原来的36.5%降低至0.8%,该型水口不仅能适用现有断面[200 mm×(900～1320 mm)]及拉速(0.7～1.1 m/min)要求,还能提升连铸坯实物质量。     

多孔水口对轴承钢280 mm x325 mm铸坯结晶器钢液流场和温度场的影响

采用数值模拟的方法对比分析了直通式、四孔式以及五孔式水口对GCr15轴承钢280 mm×325 mm坯连铸结晶器内钢液流场和温度场的影响。结果表明,当前常用的直通式水口对坯壳无冲刷,利于坯壳均匀生长,但钢液冲击深度大,在弯月面处速度小,不利于大方坯质量的提高。当采用四孔水口时,钢液热中心上移,钢液面处温度可提高8℃,钢液向上漩流增强,有利于降低结晶器内钢水过热及保护渣的熔化,但由于钢液对结晶器宽、窄面坯壳的冲刷致使冲击区域附近坯壳出现不同程度的零增长区域。当采用五孔水口时,除了钢液热中心上移,钢液向上漩流增强,由于侧孔钢液流速减小,对坯壳的冲刷减小,有利于保护渣的快速熔化、过热度的快速降低,坯壳的均匀生长,显著提高大方坯的质量。     

电磁制动对镀锡板高拉速结晶器内流场的影响

 为了实现镀锡板高拉速生产,采用数学模型和工业试验研究了在FC(电磁制动)结晶器条件下水口角度、水口插入深度、拉速及磁场强度对结晶器流场特征的影响。研究结果表明,随着水口角度、插入深度和拉速的增加,下磁场作用区域靠近窄面的钢液受到的电磁力明显增大,水口下方的磁场可有效地减小水口出口射流对窄面的冲刷;在工业试验中发现,施加磁场后水口两侧钢液面流速对称性得到改善,钢液面轮廓较平稳,当BU(上磁场强度)为0.5BL(下磁场强度)时液位波动最小;夹杂物明显降低,边部大于10 μm夹杂物数量密度从0.134 降低到0.079 个/mm2,1/4处夹杂物数量密度从0.129 降低到0.074 个/mm2,宽度中心处数量密度从0.100 降低到 0.073 个/mm2;凝固钩的长度和深度都有明显的降低作用,平均深度从2.3 降低到1.7 mm,平均长度从2.3 降低到2.0 mm,适合的电磁制动参数可以抑制凝固钩的生长。通过优化FC结晶器参数,氧化铝类缺陷降低约77.8%,保护渣类缺陷降低约82.6%,并且在工业上实现了拉速为2.0 m/min的常态化生产。