纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子的制备和表征

以纳米纤维素(NCC)为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂还原硝酸银,化学还原法制备纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子。m(Ag)/m(NCC)=5%制备的纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子,X射线衍射分析结果表明,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中NCC和银纳米粒子相互混合并未改变各自的晶型,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中银纳米粒子的晶粒尺寸为11.87nm,与透射电子显微镜(TEM)所测银纳米粒子直径(10nm)相近;热重分析结果表明,纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子的热稳定性较纳米纤维素稍有下降。透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析、紫外光谱分析、固含量分析、机理分析和抑菌活性分析结果表明,m(Ag)/m(NCC)=3%时制备的纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用,且银纳米粒子在纳米纤维素/银纳米粒子中分散较均匀。     

壳聚糖修饰银纳米颗粒的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用液相化学还原法,以壳聚糖为修饰剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂,制备了壳聚糖修饰银纳米颗粒(chitosan-Ag NPs)。通过X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪等对所制备样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,所制备纳米颗粒具有面心立方Ag的晶型结构,壳聚糖通过氨基和羟基中的N、O原子与Ag+的化学键合作用修饰在纳米颗粒表面,起到了限制颗粒粒径长大和防止其团聚的作用。采用肉汤连续稀释法检测了样品对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌杀菌性能,结果表明chitosan-Ag NPs具有优异的抗菌性,抗菌性能受到粒径大小的影响。     

Ag/低分子量壳聚糖复合胶乳的制备及抗菌性能

采用原位法和液相化学还原法制备了Ag/低分子量壳聚糖(LMWC)和Ag/LMWC-聚吡咯(PPy)复合胶乳,分析了各种工艺条件对复合胶乳中纳米Ag粒子粒径及粒度分布的影响规律,并确定了复合胶乳较适宜的合成条件。采用UV-Vis、TEM、FTIR及 XRD对复合胶乳的组成和纳米Ag的形态进行了表征。结果显示: Ag/LMWC 和 Ag/LMWC-PPy复合胶乳中的纳米Ag晶体为面心立方结构,平均粒径约为10~20 nm。抗菌测试结果表明: LMWC(黏均分子量M_η=4.3×10⁵)的抗菌效果优于未降解的原始壳聚糖(CS),由于纳米Ag的引入,Ag/LMWC和Ag/LMWC-PPy复合胶乳对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌与单一的LMWC相比均具有较高的抑菌活性。     

纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维抗菌性能、力学性能研究

通过对纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维进行抗菌性能研究,结果表明,纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色链球菌等微生物有明显的抗菌效果,抗菌15h,抗菌率均达90%以上;纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效率高于非纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维对其的抗菌效率.力学性能测试表明:纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维的断裂强力、初始模量、应力均优越于非纳米级铜/聚丙烯腈纤维.     

静电纺丝制备肉桂醛/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜及其性能

采用水溶液饱和法制备了肉桂醛/β-环糊精包合物,将其添加到聚乳酸(PLA)溶液中,采用静电纺丝技术制备了肉桂醛/PLA复合纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电子显微镜对复合纳米纤维膜的直径及表面形貌进行观察,通过红外光谱对其做特征官能团分析,同时对其热力学性能、力学性能及抗菌性能进行表征。结果表明,肉桂醛/PLA复合纳米纤维膜纤维形态良好,其直径范围在133~177nm。红外光谱显示肉桂醛与PLA属于物理混合;随着肉桂醛/β-环糊精包合物添加量增加,其纤维膜拉伸强度逐渐降低,但玻璃化转变温度变化不显著。纤维膜对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌都具有抑菌性能,且随着包合物添加量的增加抑菌性逐渐增强,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌性最强。     

聚乳酸/茶多酚复合纳米纤维膜抗菌机理

将茶多酚(TP)与聚乳酸(PLA)共混,采用静电纺丝方法制备PLA/TP复合纳米纤维膜。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)测试、抑菌圈法及流式细胞仪(FACS)对复合纳米纤维膜的成分、抗菌性能及抗菌机理进行研究。FT-IR测试结果验证了PLA/TP复合纳米纤维膜中通过价键的结合使两者复合在一起。抗菌测试结果显示:随着TP含量增加,复合纳米膜抗菌性能提高。对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈宽度分别从3.67cm和3.71cm增加到5.17cm和5.67cm。FACS结果表明:PLA/TP复合纳米纤维膜对比纯PLA纳米纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的PI染色率明显增加,分别从0.78%和1.45%增加到6.47%和9.26%,揭示了PLA/TP复合纳米纤维膜能够破坏菌体细胞膜的完整性,最终导致其死亡。     

茶多酚/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术,分别制备了聚乳酸(PLA)质量分数为8%的纳米纤维膜及茶多酚(TP)质量分数分别为0.5%、0.75%和1%的茶多酚/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜.借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和红外光谱分析,并利用振荡烧瓶法测试薄膜的抗茵性能.SEM图分析表明,添加TP对纳米纤维形态的分布影响不大.由红外光谱图分析可知,复合纳米纤维膜中确实存在茶多酚.抗茵结果表明,茶多酚/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抗茵作用,并且随着纺丝液中TP含量的增加,抗茵性能不断提高,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果也更好.     

SiO_2载纳米银抗菌粉体的制备及性能

利用化学还原法制备SiO2载纳米银复合抗菌粉体(Ag-SiO2),研究制备过程中Ag+浓度对Ag-SiO2抗菌粉体的性能及色泽的影响;采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线光谱分析以及透射电镜对Ag-SiO2抗菌粉体的结构进行分析,并利用抑菌环法和最小抑菌浓度法测试其抗菌性能。结果表明,银粒子主要以纳米还原态存在,平均粒径为30 nm左右;Ag+浓度越大,抗菌性能越好,但是同时抗菌剂色泽越深;银的最小抑菌浓度(质量浓度)为94 mg/L。     

聚丙烯腈电纺纤维材料的研究进展

本文综述了静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈纤维材料的研究进展,包括聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备条件、金属氧化物涂覆聚丙烯腈纳米纤维、聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的碳化、聚丙烯腈/Ag纳米粒子以及聚丙烯腈/碳纳米管复合静电纺丝,对系列丙烯腈共聚物的静电纺丝研究也进行了总结.     

键合型纳米银-腈纶纤维的制备及其抗菌性质

用部分偕胺肟化的腈纶纤维与硝酸银溶液反应,使纤维表面络合上银离子,再用甲醛溶液还原Ag(Ⅰ)成金属Ag,得银复合腈纶纤维。控制AgNO3浓度,可得到银粒尺寸在纳米级的纳米银复合腈纶纤维(Ag—PAN)。用IR光谱和SEM进行表征。对Ag-PAN进行抗菌实验,结果显示：Ag—PAN对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有很强的杀灭作用,Ag含量达0．8％的Ag-PAN对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的杀灭率超过99．99％。Ag含量迭1．3％时,Ag-PAN对3种菌的杀灭时间均在0．5h以内。     

铈掺杂氧化铜纳米颗粒的制备及其抗菌性能研究

采用水热法制备了铈离子掺杂的氧化铜纳米颗粒(Ce-CuO NPs)。FESEM图像显示掺杂氧化铜为球形和近球形颗粒;XRD图谱表明,当掺杂量低于10%时,图谱中只出现了单斜结构的CuO衍射峰,当掺杂量增加至15%时,形成了CeO2独立相;ICP分析表明,铈元素的掺杂对CuO NPs中铜离子的释放具有促进作用。铈掺杂氧化铜纳米颗粒的抗菌测试结果显示,其对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抗菌能力,较革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌(E.coli)更为显著;其中,5% Ce-CuO NPs在0.05 mg/mL的低浓度下表现出最佳的抗菌效果。Cu^2+与细菌细胞表面的结合在抑制细菌生长的过程中起到重要作用。     

天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈抗菌纳米纤维的制备与表征

为了拓展天然纤维素材料的应用,在综合国内外对天然纤维素材料、纳米材料和抗菌材料相关研究的基础上,首先,利用LiCl/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)溶剂体系配置了不同共混比例的天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术制备了纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。然后,用铜氨溶液对纳米纤维进行了抗菌处理,制备了具有一定抗菌功能的纤维集合体。最后,采用SEM观察不同共混比例下纳米纤维的微观形貌;采用TG和DSC表征其热性能;采用FTIR和表面接触角测量仪表征共混后纳米纤维的化学组成和亲水性的变化;采用振荡法测定纳米纤维的抗菌性能。结果表明:通过静电纺丝技术可制得直径在200~400nm范围内的纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。随着纤维素含量的提高,纳米纤维的表面越来越粗糙,粘连愈加严重,且直径离散度也变大。当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比大于75∶25时,纤维的直径标准偏差由纯聚丙烯腈纤维的100nm以下变为150nm以上。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维具有良好的热性能,与纯纤维素纳米纤维相比热稳定性有一定提高,当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比为25∶75时热稳定性最好。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的亲水性优于普通医用纱布的。经过铜氨溶液抗菌处理的纳米纤维具有良好的抗菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为82%和75%。     

Aqueous synthesis of silver nanoparticle embedded cationic polymer nanofibers and their antibacterial activity

This paper describes the one-pot, aqueous synthesis of cationic polymer nanofibers with embedded silver nanoparticles. Poly[2-(tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate] (PTBAM) was used as a cationic polymer substrate to reinforce the antimicrobial activity of the embedded silver nanoparticles. Electron microscope analyses revealed that the as-synthesized nanofibers had diameters of approximately 40 nm and lengths up to about 10 μm. Additionally, silver nanoparticles of approximately 8 nm in diameter were finely embedded into the prepared nanofibers. The embedded silver nanoparticles had a lower tendency to agglomerate than colloidal silver nanoparticles of comparable size. In addition, the nanofibers with embedded silver nanoparticles exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, the prepared nanofibers exhibited enhanced bactericidal performance compared with the silver-embedded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers, presumably because of the antibacterial properties of the PTBAM substrate.     

Mussel-inspired multifunctional coating for bacterial infection prevention and osteogenic induction

Bacterial infection and osteogenic integration are the two main problems that cause severe complications after surgeries. In this study, the antibacterial and osteogenic properties were simultaneously introduced in biomaterials, where copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs) were generated by in situ reductions of Cu ions into a mussel-inspired hyperbranched polyglycerol(MI-h PG) coating via a simple dip-coating method.This hyperbranched polyglycerol with 10 % catechol groups’ modification presents excellent antifouling property, which could effectively reduce bacteria adhesion on the surface. In this work, polycaprolactone(PCL) electrospun fiber membrane was selected as the substrate, which is commonly used in biomedical implants in bone regeneration and cardiovascular stents because of its good biocompatibility and easy post-modification. The as-fabricated Cu NPs-incorporated PCL membrane [PCL-(MI-h PG)-Cu NPs]was confirmed with effective antibacterial performance via in vitro antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Escherichia coli(E. coli), and multi-resistant E. coli. In addition, the in vitro results demonstrated that osteogenic property of PCL-(MI-h PG)-Cu NPs was realized by upregulating the osteoblast-related gene expressions and protein activity. This study shows that antibacterial and osteogenic properties can be balanced in a surface coating by introducing Cu NPs.     

Synthesis and characterization of waterborne polyurethane/Cu(II)-loaded hydroxyapatite nanocomposites with antibacterial activity

A novel kind of environmentally friendly nanocomposites, waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/Cu(II)-loaded hydroxyapatite (CuHAp), with improved physical properties and antibacterial activity have been prepared via in-situ polymerization from functionalized CuHAp nanoparticles (CuHAp NPs). The interaction of the CuHAp NPs with isophorone diisocyanate to form the functionalized CuHAp NPs containing isocyanate groups (CuHAp-g-NCO) has been studied. The microstructure and particle distribution of the nanocomposites were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The improvements of mechanical properties, thermal stability and water resistance of the nanocomposites have also been evaluated. Finally, the antibacterial activity was tested against G(-) Escherichia coli and G(+) Staphylococcus aureus by the zone of inhibition test and the direct contact test. The long-lasting antibacterial activity was studied by measuring antibacterial ability of the nanocomposites after being immersed in water. The results indicate that WBPU incorporation with CuHAp NPs shows strong antibacterial activity upon contact, and long-lasting antibacterial property.     

Photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of a TiO2/nylon-6 electrospun nanocomposite mat containing silver nanoparticles

Silver-impregnated TiO(2)/nylon-6 nanocomposite mats exhibit excellent characteristics as a filter media with good photocatalytic and antibacterial properties and durability for repeated use. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully embedded in electrospun TiO(2)/nylon-6 composite nanofibers through the photocatalytic reduction of silver nitrate solution under UV-light irradiation. TiO(2) NPs present in nylon-6 solution were able to cause the formation of a high aspect ratio spider-wave-like structure during electrospinning and facilitated the UV photoreduction of AgNO(3) to Ag. TEM images, UV-visible and XRD spectra confirmed that monodisperse Ag NPs (approximately 4 nm in size) were deposited selectively upon the TiO(2) NPs of the prepared nanocomposite mat. The antibacterial property of a TiO(2)/nylon-6 composite mat loaded with Ag NPs was tested against Escherichia coli, and the photoactive property was tested against methylene blue. All of the results showed that TiO(2)/nylon-6 nanocomposite mats loaded with Ag NPs are more effective than composite mats without Ag NPs. The prepared material has potential as an economically friendly photocatalyst and water filter media because it allows the NPs to be reused.     

In Situ Synthesis of Cuprous Oxide/Cellulose Nanofibers Gel and Antibacterial Properties

Cellulose nanofibers were synthesized by acetobacter xylinum (xylinum 1.1812). The cellulose nanofibers with 30-90 nm width constructed three-dimension network gel, which could be used as a wound dressing since it can provide moist environment to a wound. However, cellulose nanofibers have no antimicrobial activity to prevent wound infection. To achieve antimicrobial activity, the cellulose nanofibers can load cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) particles on the surface. The cuprous oxide is a kind of safe antibacterial material. The copper ions can be reduced into cuprous oxides by reducing agents such as glucose, N₂H₄ and sodium hypophosphite. The cellulose nanofibers network gel was soaked in CuSO₄ solution and filled with copper ions. The cuprous oxide nanoparticles were in situ synthesized by glucose and embedded in cellulose nanofibers network. The morphologies and structure of the composite gel were analyzed by FESEM, FTIR, WAXRD and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The sizes of Cu₂O embedded in cellulose nanofibers network are 200-500 nm wide. The peak at 605 cm⁻¹ attributed to Cu(I)-O vibration of Cu₂O shits to 611 cm⁻¹ in the Cu₂O/ cellulose composite. The Cu₂O/ cellulose nanofibers composite reveals the obvious characteristic XRD pattern of Cu₂O and the results of ICP show that the content of Cu₂O in the composite is 13.1%. The antibacterial tests prove that the Cu₂O/ cellulose nanofibers composite has the high antibacterial activities which is higher against S. aureus than against E. coli.     

高孔率网状Cu+CeO_2/Cu抗菌材料的制备及其抗菌性能

以泡沫海绵为基体材料,通过电镀的方法制备了高孔率网状Cu+CeO2/Cu抗菌材料,研究了制备条件并测定了其孔隙率和比表面积,评价了其抗菌性能.结果表明,网状Cu+CeO2/Cu抗菌材料的孔隙率高达95%以上,其比表面积约为31.4m2/cm3,对于大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌3种菌种均具有良好的抗菌性能.     

Rosmarinus officinalis directed palladium nanoparticle synthesis: Investigation of potential anti-bacterial,anti-fungal and Mizoroki-Heck catalytic activities

The present work was aimed to account a green and eco-friendly synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extracts for the first time, therefore, that can be an acceptable replacement for chemical media to improve potential biological properties. The synthesized palladium nanoparticles were fully characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, TEM and UV/Vis spectroscopy techniques. Catalytic activity was investigated by Mizoroki-Heck reaction, and optimized based on solvent, temperature and time of the reaction, and the best results were found in water as a green media without any additional reagents. Biological activity of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of antibacterial and anti-fungal assessments against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, and Micrococcus lutens bacteria’s and Candida parapsilolis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei fungus. Based on our knowledge, this is a comprehensive and first study on the catalytic and biological activity of palladium nanoparticles synthesizing from Rosmarinus officinalis, which presents great and significant results (in both catalytic and biological activities) based on a simple and green procedure.