机器人关节伺服器传动系统机电耦合动态特性研究

目前,机器人关节伺服器向着微型化、集成化发展,针对智能机器人操作精度要求高,对机器人关节伺服器典型的电机拖动齿轮机电耦合系统,进行不同工况下的动态特性研究十分有必要。为此,根据多级齿轮系统时变啮合特性及无刷电机动态特性,建立了多级齿轮系统动力学模型和无刷电机动态模型,搭建了机器人关节伺服器传动系统机电耦合动力学模型;分析了该系统的自由扭振特性和系统模态能,并进一步研究了在稳态工况和冲击载荷工况下机器人关节伺服器传动系统的动态响应特性。结果表明,多级齿轮系统和电机之间存在机电耦合效应,在该系统遭受冲击后,齿轮副啮合力以及齿轮扭振波动变得剧烈后趋于稳定。     

考虑强度退化和失效相关性的风电齿轮传动系统动态可靠性分析

针对随机风作用下风力发电机齿轮传动系统失效率高的问题,研究了随机风引起的风力发电机传动系统外部风载荷以及内部由齿轮、轴承刚度及综合啮合误差等引起的内部动载荷激励,基于集中质量法建立了风电齿轮传动系统齿轮-轴承耦合动力学模型。在对模型进行仿真求解的基础上,分别求得了传动系统中各齿轮和轴承的动态接触应力-时间历程。将载荷作用过程视为随机过程,推导出随机载荷作用下的等效载荷累计分布函数,从系统层面上建立了基于应力-强度干涉理论的风力发电机齿轮传动系统动态时变可靠性模型,模型考虑了零件的失效相关性和强度退化因素,研究了失效相关性和强度退化对风电齿轮传动系统可靠度和失效率的影响规律,为风力发电机齿轮传动系统动态设计和可靠性优化设计奠定了基础。     

基于动力学的风电增速箱多级齿轮传动系统可靠性评估

针对风力发电机齿轮传动系统在变风速工况下失效率高的问题,在模拟真实风速的基础上,建立了考虑外部随机风载及内部轮齿时变啮合刚度、轴承时变刚度、综合传递误差等激励因素的风力发电机齿轮传动系统齿轮-轴承耦合动力学模型,通过对动力学模型进行仿真计算,得到了各齿轮副的动态啮合力和各支承轴承的动态接触力,并求得齿轮的使用系数、齿轮和轴承的载荷系数。在此基础上,建立了基于动力学的风电齿轮传动系统可靠性评估模型,并求得了各零件及传动系统的可靠度,较全面地评价了随机风载作用下风力发电机齿轮传动系统的可靠性,为风力发电机齿轮传动系统可靠性设计和动态优化奠定了基础。     

变风速运行控制下风电传动系统的动态特性

基于齿轮系统动力学的方法对风电传动系统进行研究。运用基于自回归模型的线性滤波法(Auto-regressive,AR)建立的风速模型对实际风场的随机风速进行模拟;根据风力发电机在实际情况中的运行控制策略获得风力发电机齿轮传动系统的时变输入转矩激励;综合考虑风力发电机齿轮传动系统中各个齿轮副的时变啮合刚度、各个滚动轴承的刚度、各个轮齿综合啮合误差等内部激励,采用集中参数质量法建立风力发电机齿轮传动系统的耦合动力学模型;在此基础上建立风力发电机齿轮传动系统的动力学微分方程并进行仿真计算,分别求解风力发电机齿轮传动系统的固有频率、振动响应、动态啮合力和滚动轴承动态轴承力。研究结果为风力发电机传动系统的动态性能优化设计和可靠性设计奠定了基础。     

极端运行条件下风电行星齿轮传动系统动态特性研究

结合风力发电机实际运行环境,根据bladed强大的风况模拟效果,对风力机运行状态进行模拟,获取了稳态风、启动工况、停机(刹车)条件下风载荷。以外部风载荷为激励,建立了风电行星齿轮传动系统弯扭耦合动力学模型。通过求解模型,分析得到了系统动载荷,以及稳态风、启动工况、停机(刹车)工况条件下的系统响应特性。结果显示:稳态风条件下,内部激励仍对系统起主要作用。但在风机启动时,系统转速与动载荷振动幅值均逐渐增大,变桨操作介入后,产生瞬时过载,系统振动响应幅值急剧增大至26.7%;停机工况下,刹车及变桨的双重作用,使动载荷与转速迅速减小直至停止工作。     

风力发电齿轮箱系统耦合非线性动态特性的研究

对大型风力发电机齿轮箱传动系统进行分析研究,以齿轮啮合原理、齿轮系统动力学和非线性动力学的理论为依据,在考虑齿轮系统时变刚度、齿侧间隙和制造误差的基础上,建立了具有多级齿轮传动的大型风电齿轮箱的齿轮—传动轴—箱体系统耦合非线性动力学模型。在考虑系统内部激励的情况下对整个耦合系统动态特性进行了研究,为齿轮系统动态性能优化提供了理论依据。     

基于动力学的风力发电机齿轮传动系统模糊可靠性评估

针对风力发电机齿轮传动系统在变风速工况下失效率高的问题,在模拟真实风速的基础上,建立考虑外部随机风载及内部轮齿时变啮合刚度、轴承时变刚度及综合传递误差等激励因素的风力发电机齿轮传动系统齿轮)轴承耦合动力学模型,通过对动力学模型进行仿真计算,得到各齿轮副的动态啮合力和各支承轴承的动态接触力。在此基础上,利用有限单元法、赫兹接触理论和数理统计理论得到了传动系统各齿轮和各支承轴承的动态接触力的概率分布,基于应力)强度干涉理论建立风力发电机齿轮传动系统关键零部件的模糊可靠性模型,并计算了关键零部件及系统的模糊可靠度。     

高速动车组齿轮传动系统振动特性

齿轮传动系统是高速动车组传递动力的关键结构,对车辆运行安全性和结构振动及其受载特性有重要影响,研究高速列车传动系统的动力学性能对提升高速动车组技术、提高车辆系统稳定性和安全性等具有重要意义。采用有限元法、自由度缩减理论以及多体动力学理论,建立了包含齿轮传动系统振动的国内某型高速动车组刚柔耦合系统动力学模型。模型中,车体和轮对处理为刚体,构架和齿轮副处理为弹性体。在验证模型齿轮副啮合特性基础上,研究了多种工况下传动系统的动力学性能及其与车辆系统主要部件之间的动态相互作用,获得了传动系统载荷及其对车辆系统主要部件振动的影响特性。结果表明,轨道激扰和车辆运行速度对传动系统振动有明显影响,传动系统振动对构架、齿轮箱以及电动机振动等有一定的影响。建立的高速车辆-传动系统耦合振动模型,突破了传统轨道车辆动力学模型模式,对深入研究高速动车组传动系统振动特性具有重要作用。     

变风载下2.5MW风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统动力学特性分析

根据2.5 MW风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统在随机风场中复杂变工况的工作特点,利用双参数威布尔分布模型描述随机风速的分布,获得由随机风速引起的时变风载。采用集中参数法建立风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统平移-扭转耦合动力学模型。综合考虑风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统的轴承支撑刚度、齿轮副时变啮合刚度等内部激励对传系统的影响,对变风载下2.5 MW行星齿轮传动系统的动力学特性进行仿真计算分析,求得在外部风载作用下各构件的位移响应与速度响应,为风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统的故障诊断和优化设计奠定了良好的理论基础。     

风力发电机传动系统随机风速下的载荷特性研究

根据随机风速模拟方法、风力机气动载荷计算方法、发电机矢量控制方法和风力发电机传动系统的机电耦合模型,建立了风力发电机传动系统在随机风速下的载荷模型,利用该模型对风力发电机进行实例计算,得到了风力发电机传动系统随机载荷的有效样本。随机风速序列和随机载荷序列的对比分析表明,随机载荷序列与随机风速序列有相同的变化趋势和较好的相关性,并有类似的频谱特性,从而为进一步研究风力发电机传动系统在复杂工况下的载荷变化规律及进行载荷谱的编制奠定了基础。     

考虑随机制造误差的风力机行星齿轮系统动力学特性

为研究综合传递误差的随机波动对风力发电机齿轮传动系统动力学特性的影响,考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度、综合传递误差等因素,建立风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统纯扭转动力学模型。以随机风速引起的齿轮系统转矩波动作为行星齿轮系统的外部激励,对某1.5 MW风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统的动力学特性进行仿真分析,得到系统各响应量时域内的统计特征和齿轮副间的动态啮合力统计特征。分析表明：行星架、行星轮和太阳轮在扭转方向上的振动特性与外部载荷相关,其振动位移与外部载荷波动有相似变化的趋势;综合传递误差随机分量的离散程度对行星齿轮系统的动态特性和齿轮副间的动态啮合力有较大影响。随着综合传递误差随机分量离散程度的增加,行星架、太阳轮和行星轮在扭转方向上的振动幅值明显增加;综合传递误差随机分量的随机性使齿轮副间动态啮合力产生随机波动,随机分量离散程度越大,动态啮合力波动越明显;当随机分量的离散程度达到某一值时,齿轮啮合过程发生脱离,引发啮合冲击。     

单级行星齿轮非线性动力学模型与试验验证

针对单排行星直齿轮传动系统,提出了齿轮非线性啮合动态模型,模型中考虑了由中心距安装误差和传动轴弯曲变形等引起的中心距变化对啮合角、间隙和非线性啮合刚度的影响。考虑中心距变化和陀螺力矩并结合齿轮非线性啮合动态模型,建立了行星齿轮传动系统横-扭耦合非线性动力学模型。针对一个单排行星齿轮传统系统试验装置进行仿真计算和试验测试,试验对比分析了齿圈横向振动位移和内啮合均载系数。研究结果表明,仿真结果与试验结果的变化趋势基本吻合,且误差在可接受范围内,验证了笔者提出的渐开线直齿轮传动横-扭耦合非线性动力学模型和非线性动态啮合模型的正确性。     

功率二分支齿轮传动系统动载特性与模态分析

为了分析功率二分支齿轮传动系统的动力学特性,构建由斜齿分扭传动级与人字齿并车传动级构成的分扭 并车纯扭转动力学模型;通过高斯消元去除状态方程中的冗余变量,解决了系统动力学方程的奇异性并采用 4 阶 Runge-Kutta 法数值求解;分析了无量纲时间下不同齿型构成的 2 级传动动载特性,采用模态分析法,确定该系统的固有频率与固有振型,并结合三维瀑布图分析激振频率对系统共振特性的影响。研究结果表明:该齿轮传动系统由人字齿构成的并车传动级动力学特性优于由斜齿构成的分扭传动级;系统啮合位移与动态啮合力响应瀑布图表明,在该系统激振频率为 1820 Hz 时,系统出现超谐波共振。     

Quasi-Static and Dynamic Behaviors of Helical Gear System with Manufacturing Errors

Time?varying mesh stiffness(TVMS) and gear errors include short?term and long?term components are the two main internal dynamic excitations for gear transmission. The coupling relationship between the two factors is usually neglected in the traditional quasi-static and dynamic behaviors analysis of gear system. This paper investigates the influence of short?term and long?term components of manufacturing errors on quasi?static and dynamic behaviors of helical gear system considering the coupling relationship between TVMS and gear errors. The TVMS, loaded static transmission error(LSTE) and loaded composite mesh error(LCMS) are determined using an improved loaded tooth contact analysis(LTCA) model. Considering the structure of shaft, as well as the direction of power flow and bearing location, a precise generalized finite element dynamic model of helical gear system is developed, and the dynamic responses of the system are obtained by numerical integration method. The results suggest that lighter loading conditions result in smaller mesh stiffness and stronger vibration, and the corresponding resonance speeds of the system become lower. Long?term components of manufacturing errors lead to the appearance of sideband frequency components in frequency spectrum of dynamic responses. The sideband frequency components are predominant under light loading conditions. With the increase of output torque, the mesh frequency and its harmonics components tend to be enhanced relative to sideband frequency components. This study can provide effective reference for low noise design of gear transmission.     

Contact finite element method for dynamic meshing characteristics analysis of continuous engaged gear drives

The dynamic meshing characteristics of gear drives have been a major concern in the design of power transmission systems as they affect vibration, acoustic noise, durability and efficiency. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives is a key to the development of power transmission systems. In this paper, a dynamic contact finite element analysis method, considering the variation of the engaged teeth pairs, the loaded elastic and contact deformations, and the sliding friction, is presented for the dynamic meshing characteristics analysis of continuous and elastic engaged gear drives. Various kinds of continuous engaged gear models under low and high speed condition are simulated and compared using the presented method. The tooth profile modification was designed based on the simulation results. Moreover, the effects of the tooth profile modification, the sliding friction and the time-varying meshing stiffness upon the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives are discussed in detail. The results show that the method is not only effective in designing and evaluating the tooth profile modification, but also in studying the dynamic meshing characteristics of continuous engaged gear drives with realistic time-varying meshing stiffness and tooth sliding friction. The present method could provide an effective tool for vibration mechanism study and dynamic design of the continuous engaged gear drives considering more influence factors.     

Dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear system based on contact status of the tooth surface

Studies on the planetary gear have attracted considerable attention because of its advantages, such as compactness, large torque-to-weight ratio, vibrations, and high efficiency, which have resulted in its wide applications in industry, wind turbine, national defense, and aerospace fields. We have established a novel dynamic model of the planetary gear transmission by using Newton’s theory, in which some key factors such as time-variant meshing stiffness, phase relationships, and tooth contact characteristics are considered. The influences of gear axial tipping, operating conditions, and the meshing phase on the contact characteristics and the dynamic characteristics were researched systematically. It was found that the contact area of the tooth surface was moved due to the axial gear tipping, which obviously affected the meshing stiffness. With the increase in the inclination angle of the sun gear, the meshing stiffness decreases, which produces an evident influence on the high natural frequency in the planetary transmission system. In terms of the dynamic characteristics of the system, the component of rotating frequency appeared in the dynamic meshing force of the sun gear and the planetary gear. Moreover, the floating track of the center wheel varied significantly and exhibited an oval distribution as the inclination angle of the sun gear changed. When the inclination angle of the sun gear increased, the rotating frequency component increased significantly, but the other meshing frequency components remained unchanged; meanwhile, the deformation of the floating track also increased. If the inclination angle of the sun gear changes, the vibration state of the system and the collision impact could become more serious, and the lifetime of the planetary transmission system will reduce. Furthermore, when the load was increased, we found that the gear-tooth contact zone transformed from line contact to surface contact, the meshing stiffness increased, the effect of high natural frequency on the planetary transmission system became more evident, but its low-order natural frequency remained stable. With regard to the dynamic characteristics of the system, the components of the major frequency at the external gearing remained unchanged, but the rotation frequency of the sun gear and the meshing frequency amplitude increased linearly with the increase in load. In conclusion, the variation in the meshing stiffness of the planetary gear system had minor impact on the low-order natural frequency, but had a significant impact on the high natural frequency of the planetary transmission system due to the phase variation of the gear.     

纯电动汽车高速斜齿轮传动振动特性分析

为研究高转速情况下时变啮合刚度和啮合冲击对斜齿轮传动振动特性的影响,以某纯电动汽车高速斜齿轮传动为研究对象,建立了弯-扭-轴动力学模型;采用改进的基于承载接触分析的计算方法获得时变啮合刚度曲线,并计算了啮合冲击时间及啮合冲击力幅值;分析了时变啮合刚度、啮合冲击以及两者综合3种激励条件下高速斜齿轮传动系统的振动特性。结果表明:时变啮合刚度激励下,在过共振区,转速变化对系统振动的影响不显著;啮合冲击激励以及综合激励条件下,系统振动随转速的升高而增大,与啮合冲击激励相比,综合激励下振动加速度增幅较缓。研究结果可为纯电动汽车高速斜齿轮传动的设计和工程应用提供参考依据。     

齿轮系统动力学模型内部激励参数的优化设置研究

时变啮合刚度与齿侧间隙是齿轮传动系统的主要内部激励源,决定了齿轮系统动力学的基本特点和性质.啮合刚度的时变性影响齿轮系统的稳定性、引起系统的参数共振,齿侧间隙则引起系统强烈的非线特性.考虑时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙等激励源,建立了齿轮系统非线性动力学模型,从模型参数设置合理性的新角度阐述时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙对系统动态特性...     

随机风载作用下风力发电机齿轮传动系统动态可靠性分析

运用最小二乘支持向量机(Sparse least squares support vector machines,SLS-SVM)机器学习方法建立风场随机风速模型,根据随机风速模型和空气动力学理论得到随机风引起的系统外部载荷激励,建立考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度和滚动轴承时变刚度的风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统齿轮—轴承耦合动力学模型,并对动力学模型进行仿真计算,分别得到各齿轮副的动态啮合力和滚动轴承动态接触力。以此为基础,将载荷作用过程视为随机过程,推导出随机载荷作用下的等效载荷累计分布函数。根据应力—强度干涉理论建立风力发电机齿轮传动系统各齿轮和轴承的动态可靠性模型,利用二阶矩和摄动方法求出各齿轮、轴承的动态可靠性指标,并计算出动态可靠度,研究各齿轮、轴承和传动系统的动态可靠度随时间的变化规律,为风力发电机齿轮传动系统动态可靠性设计奠定了基础。