干–湿循环过程中吸力与强度关系研究

针对膨胀土干–湿循环过程中的吸力变化和强度变化特征,开展试验研究。采用体积压力板仪实现脱湿和吸湿并制备不同吸力的试样,通过直剪试验测试不同吸力下的抗剪强度。试验成果显示:①土水特征曲线是不稳定的,它与土体含水率的变化路径有关;②在干湿循环过程中,相同的吸力具有不同的强度贡献。     

整体浇筑桥面铺装层加固桥梁效果浅析

基于混凝土铺装层与主梁共同受力工作,分析了桥面铺装层的受力状态、铺装层厚度对主梁承载力的影响,提出了确定铺装层合理厚度的方法,并通过实桥试验证明了其可行性,以供类似工程参考。     

Winkler springs for axial response of suction bucket foundations in cohesionless soil

Jacket structures mounted on suction buckets carry potential as cost-efficient foundations for next-generation 10 MW+ offshore wind turbines located in transitional water depths. Given this foundation method, resistance to overturning moment relies mainly on the axial response of the buckets. In practice, suction bucket foundations can be modelled as “Beams on Non-Linear Winkler Foundation” where soil is idealised as non-linear springs. This paper describes the derivation process of static load-transfer or t–z curves for suction buckets installed in cohesionless soil. The mathematical formulation of the curves is based on regression analysis of data obtained from 100 axisymmetric numerical models in a medium characterised by the Hardening Soil model for representing the stress–strain relationships for Frederikshavn sand, which is a typical offshore sand. Various bucket dimensions, soil properties and drainage conditions were simulated considering tension and compression, in order to describe frictional behaviour at the skirt–soil interface. The non-linear springs' properties are therefore linked to foundation diameter, friction angle and vertical overburden pressure. By superimposing the effects of all springs, load–displacement curves are generated and compared with results from available experimental and numerical studies on suction buckets, revealing reasonable agreement. It is shown that the existing t–z formulations for piles are inapplicable to large-diameter suction buckets.     

非饱和土强度的吸力贡献形式研究

在三级法向应力条件下,分别对处于饱和与最优含水率状态时的4种土样进行直剪实验。所得结果表明,基质吸力会转化为土样的一种黏聚力,并以这种形式来增强土样的强度。与此同时,吸力对土样内摩擦角所造成的影响却是很微小的。分别用同种土样来进行持水特性试验,得到了每种土样处于吸湿与脱湿过程时的土–水特征曲线。对土–水特征曲线进行分析后可知,同种土样的强度特征与其所经受的水力路径是息息相关的;另一方面,与饱和土相比,促使非饱和土强度得以增加的因素是多样的,基质吸力只是占主导地位的因素。依据分析所得结果,可将Fredlund等人提出的非饱和土抗剪强度公式表述为更为直观的形式。     

黑麦草根系加固粘土的剪切强度性能研究

植被在增强边坡稳定性方面有着积极的作用,其作为一种兼顾生态保护和边坡治理的护坡方式,在工程实践中得到了广泛的应用.为了研究植物根系加筋土的抗剪特性,以室内培育的黑麦草根系为加筋土的筋材,制备了不同含根量和含水率的重塑试样,通过直剪试验分析其抗剪强度特性的变化规律.研究结果表明:黑麦草根系加筋增强了土体的抗剪强度,表现为...     

从粒间吸力特性再认识非饱和土抗剪强度理论

首先对非饱和土中吸力进行了综合分类并对各类吸力的性状进行了系统阐述 ,认为非饱和土中土颗粒间的总吸力由本征结构吸力、可变结构吸力、有效基质吸力、湿吸力和牵引力组成。基于各吸力的特性和Mohr -Coulomb强度准则 ,从理论上直接给出了非饱和土的总吸力与抗剪强度间的关系 ,这不仅从形式上统一了Bishop和Fredlund的强度公式 ,而且在内容上明确了其中各状态变量的物理意义。文中分析了非饱和土抗剪强度的组成及其影响因素。对Donald在非饱和土试验中发现的砂性土抗剪强度与基质吸力间呈山坡形的曲线关系及Gan、Escario、Fredlund等的粘性土抗剪强度和基质吸力 (含水量 )间呈非线性正比关系 ,以及对同一非饱和土因具不同初始孔隙比而具不相同的抗剪强度现象给出了令人满意的理论解释。广义抗剪强度公式客观地反映了非饱和土的强度特性     

Experimental study on shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams with web horizontal reinforcement

In determining the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams, current codes do not provide any calculation method to evaluate the influence of web horizontal reinforcement, although they exist as structural reinforcements (or skin reinforcement). The present paper comprises results of 11 reinforced concrete beams in an effort to investigate the influence of web horizontal reinforcement on the shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The primary design variables are the shear-span-depth ratio, different reinforcement ratio of stirrups and web horizontal reinforcement. Influence of web horizontal reinforcement on crack patterns and failure mode was studied. It was found that web horizontal reinforcement can increase the shear capacity of the beams and restrain growth of inclined cracks effectively. Test results are very valuable, as very few references of shear tests can be found focusing on the effect of web horizontal reinforcement on the shear capacity of the beams.     

Punching of reinforced concrete slab without shear reinforcement: Standard models and new proposal

Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs are characterized by reduced construction time, versatility, and easier space partitioning. Their structural behavior is not straightforward and, specifically, punching shear strength is a current research topic. In this study an experimental database of 113 RC slabs without shear reinforcement under punching loads was compiled using data available in the literature. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters involved in the punching shear strength assessment was conducted, which highlighted the importance of the flexural reinforcement that are not typically considered for punching shear strength. After a discussion of the current international standards, a new proposed model for punching shear strength and rotation of RC slabs without shear reinforcement was discussed. It was based on a simplified load-rotation curve and new failure criteria that takes into account the flexural reinforcement effects. This experimental database was used to validate the approaches of the current international standards as well as the new proposed model. The latter proved to be a potentially useful design tool.     

冻融及细粒含量对粗粒土力学性质影响的试验研究

以粗粒土填料在冻土地区铁路路基中的应用和推广为研究背景,针对冻融作用及细粒含量对粗粒土填筑路基稳定性的影响,通过室内三轴试验深入研究和分析了冻融次数、细粒含量以及围压对粗粒土试样强度特性的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着细粒含量的增加,粗粒土的应力应变曲线由冻融前的应变软化现象过渡到冻融后的应变硬化现象;同时,随着细粒含量的增加,未经历冻融时,细粒土的黏结性有效地提高了粗粒土的剪切强度,而经历冻融后,细粒土的冻胀性反而削弱了粗粒土的剪切强度;粗粒土的剪切强度和抗剪强度指标随冻融次数的增加而减小并在经历6次冻融后达到稳定状态;围压的"围箍"作用有效地提高了粗粒土的抗剪强度;通过讨论和分析,建议冻土区铁路路基粗粒土填料的合理细粒含量为5%,并将粗粒土填料经历6次冻融后的力学指标作为工程设计值。     

源于纵筋面混凝土劈裂的无腹筋板冲切模型

以工程中常见的配筋率较大(＞0.85)、厚度较小(≤120 mm)的板为对象,通过对冲切破坏特征的观察分析,假定沿纵向钢筋平面,混凝土劈裂所致的纵筋销栓失效为连锁破坏源,建立了新的错动冲切模型并推导了上限解.研究发现,与按搜集到的构件样本总体分析结果相比(均值为1.072,变异系数为0.250),符合上述特征的试件组,...     

钢纤维混凝土无腹筋梁抗剪强度的回归分析

通过对大量试验结果的回归分析 ,总结了剪跨比、混凝土强度、钢纤维含量和纵筋配筋率对钢纤维混凝土无腹筋梁抗剪强度的影响 ,并指出这些因素在影响程度上的不同 .分析结果表明 ,剪跨比对钢纤维混凝土无腹筋梁抗剪强度的影响最大 .提出了预测钢纤维混凝土无腹筋梁抗剪强度的回归计算公式 .     

Salinity effect on the compaction behaviour,matric suction,stiffness and microstructure of a silty soil

To better understand the salinity effect on the compaction behaviour of soil,standard Proctor compaction test was conducted on soil samples with different salinities.Matric suction and small-strain shear modulus,G_(max),were determined and pore size distribution was also investigated on samples statically compacted at different water contents.Results showed that with the decrease of soil salinity from initial value of 2.1‰(g of salt/kg of dry soil) to zero,the maximum dry density increased and the optimum water content decreased,whereas there was no significant change with the increase of soil salinity from2.1 ‰ to 6.76‰.Interestingly,it was observed that G_(max) also decreased when the soil salinity decreased from initial value of 2.1‰ to zero and kept almost constant when the soil salinity increased from 2.1‰ to6.76‰, for dry samples with similar matric suction and also for samples compacted at optimum state and on wet side whose matric suctions were slightly different due to the difference in remoulded water content.Furthermore,the effect of salinity on compaction behaviour and G_(max) decreased for samples compacted from dry side to wet side.The pore size distribution exhibited bi-modal characteristics with two populations of micro-and macro-pores not only for samples compacted on dry side and at optimum state,but also for those compacted on wet side.Further examination showed that the modal size of micro-pores shifted to lower values and that of macro-pores shifted to higher values for saline soil compared to the soil without salt.     

电动土工合成材料用于固结和加筋设计

简要介绍了电动土工合成材料的织造及其应用于固结和加筋土的工程特性 ,并重点详述了这一应用的设计方法     

基于三维细观分析方法的CFRP加固无腹筋混凝土梁剪切强度尺寸效应研究

以CFRP侧贴加固无腹筋钢筋混凝土悬臂梁为研究对象,从细观角度出发,考虑混凝土细观非均质性及CFRP-混凝土之间的相互作用,建立了单调加载下CFRP侧贴无腹筋钢筋混凝土悬臂梁三维细观尺度数值分析模型。通过仅改变CFRP条带的厚度来改变CFRP的配纤率,进而以CFRP的配纤率为主导参数,并且在之前试验工作的基础上,扩展模拟了尺寸和配纤率对梁的剪切破坏机理和失效模式的影响,研究了外贴CFRP加固钢筋混凝土悬臂梁剪切破坏尺寸效应行为。结果表明: CFRP侧贴加固无腹筋钢筋混凝土梁的名义剪切强度尺寸效应明显,CFRP布加固对小尺寸梁贡献最大,其有效性随着梁尺寸的增加而减小; 配纤率的增大提高了悬臂梁的名义抗剪强度,但同时也削弱了抗剪强度的尺寸效应; 当配纤率较大时,峰值剪切应力的增长趋势明显减缓,即层数过多时,加固效果不明显。     

吸力对非饱和膨胀土抗剪强度及剪胀特性的影响

利用非饱和土直剪仪进行原状样和压实样的控制吸力直剪试验以研究吸力对非饱和膨胀土抗剪强度和剪胀性状的影响。试验结果表明:该膨胀土原状样和压实样的剪胀势随着吸力增加而增大。吸力对该膨胀土抗剪强度的贡献可归结于两种不同的机理:①吸力使得土体中粒间有效应力增加;②吸力对土体剪胀势的贡献。由于吸力对土体剪胀势的贡献,吸力对该膨胀土峰值强度的贡献大于其对峰后软化强度的贡献。当吸力相同时,原状样的峰值强度和剪胀势均高于压实样,这与原状样中铁锰结核的胶结作用有关。吸力对该膨胀土抗剪强度的贡献高于压实高岭土。     

钢筋抗拉强度不确定度分析及其应用

根据1999年国家质量技术监督局计量司颁发的JJF 1059—1999测量不确定度评定与表示，针对检测结果需用不确定度表示，仅就钢筋拉伸试验进行了不确定度分析，以使检测数据更科学、更合理。     

地下室嵌固对转换层结构地震反应的影响

针对高层建筑结构通常都带有地下室的情况,深入探讨了地下室嵌固对转换层结构地震反应的影响,研究了地下室嵌固的约束因素,对带地下室的转换层结构进行了数据比较分析,得出了类似转换层工程的结构分析建议。     

浅谈软土路基加固技术

针对软基处理问题是当前公路建设中的一个重要的岩土问题,系统的总结了传统的路基加固技术,并介绍了各种技术的加固机理和自身特点,以期为软土路基加固方法的选择奠定基础。     

Direct shear tests of shear strength of soils reinforced by geomats and plant roots

To investigate the shear strength of root–geomat reinforced soil (RMS), direct shear tests were conducted in laboratory on soil samples cultivated with three–dimensional geomats and Bermuda grass. The test results showed that the shear strength of RMS could be significantly improved by the combined reinforcement with grass roots and geomats, particularly at a low vertical stress level. The shear strength increment was increased exponentially with the total reinforcement content of roots and geomats. Concurrently, the soil cohesion was significantly increased, but the influence on the friction angle was generally negligible. With the increase in root or geomat content and decrease in water content, both the soil shear strength and cohesion were remarkably increased. Owing to the higher tensile strength of geomat than that of roots, the effect of geomat content on shear strength was larger than that of root content. Furthermore, the shear strength increment caused by root–geomat reinforcement was larger than the sum of the respective increments caused by root and geomat. Moreover, the soil shear strength and cohesion increments induced by the combined root–geomat mutual interlocking effect were increased exponentially with the total reinforcement content.