多主元高熵合金的研究进展

多主元高熵合金突破了以1种或2种金属元素为主的传统合金的设计理念,是一种有5种以上主元且每种主元原子百分数不超过35%的新型合金.高熵合金显现出许多不同于传统合金的组织和性能特点,是具有学术研究价值和工业应用潜力的材料领域.重点介绍了高熵合金的定义、组织和性能特点与研究状况.     

含BCC/B2共格结构多主元合金研究进展

引入共格析出相是强化合金的重要方式。近年来发现在BCC结构多主元合金中引入共格B2相可有效提升其力学性能,形成了一类重要的合金体系。本文综述了含BCC/B2共格结构多主元合金的研究现状,重点讨论这一系列新型合金在成分、组织形貌、结构稳定性以及力学性能等方面的特征,并指出此类合金在宽温域下强度较高、塑性因成分差异而不同的变化特点。目前,这类合金在高于500℃时的结构稳定性较差,无法满足工程应用的需求,而成分设计是解决此问题较为简单易行的方法。本文旨在为含BCC/B2共格结构多主元合金的设计提供参考。     

多主元合金AlCrMnFeNiCu_x的组织与性能研究

利用真空管式高温炉制得A1CrMnFeNiCux(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)多主元合金试样.结果表明,A1CrMnFeNiCu1.0的显微组织最简单,组成相数远低于平衡相率所预期的相数.在A1CrMnFeNiCu0.5和A1CrMnFeNiCu1.0的晶内分布着大量微小颗粒,有的颗粒尺寸甚至迭到纳米级.Cu在舍金组织中起着粘结剂的作用.A1CrMnFeNiCu1.0合金的硬度最高,增加Cu含量不利于提高合全硬度.等物质量比的多主元合金的耐蚀性优于非等物质量比的多主元合金,A1CrMnFeNiCu的耐蚀性优于A1CrMnFeNi.在非等物质量比的合金中,x越大,合金的耐蚀性越差.     

轻微界面反应对SiCP/6061Al复合材料弹性模量的影响

本文首次提出控制压铸SiC_P/6061Al 复合材料中轻微界面反应的方法, 并就反应的机理及其对材料弹性模量的影响规律和机制进行了研究。结果表明: 界面反应物为离散分布的小颗粒状MgAl₂O₄, 反应中氧的主要来源为原始态SiC 颗粒表面残留的SiO₂薄层; 该种反应物的存在有利于材料弹性模量的提高。      

TiVTa系低活化多主元合金的微观结构及相稳定性

制约可控核聚变堆商业化运用的关键问题之一是面向等离子体材料(plasma facing materials, PFMs),难熔多主元合金因其高温高强度、高熔点及良好的耐辐照性有望满足PFMs的需求。本工作设计并采用电弧熔炼制备了(TiVTa)₉₅X₅(X=Cr, Zr, W)低活化多主元合金,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能量色散X射线谱仪(EDS)研究了Cr, Zr和W的添加对铸态、匀质TiVTa系合金的微观结构及900℃下相稳定性的影响。结果表明,铸态合金均为具有体心立方(BCC)结构的简单固溶体,经1200℃匀质化处理后(TiVTa)₉₅Cr₅合金发生相分解,基体内出现少量C15＿Laves第二相。900℃下TiVTa系合金相稳定性不佳,均分解为一个BCC主相和沿晶界分布的C15＿Laves第二相,TiVTa和(TiVTa)₉₅W₅合金中第二相体积分数较小,Cr, Zr的添加加剧相分解。经相结构及元素分析发现,(TiVTa)<...     

TiVTa系低活化多主元合金的微观结构及相稳定性EI

制约可控核聚变堆商业化运用的关键问题之一是面向等离子体材料(plasma facing materials,PFMs),难熔多主元合金因其高温高强度、高熔点及良好的耐辐照性有望满足PFMs的需求。本工作设计并采用电弧熔炼制备了(TiVTa)_(95)X_(5)(X=Cr,Zr,W)低活化多主元合金,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能量色散X射线谱仪(EDS)研究了Cr,Zr和W的添加对铸态、匀质TiVTa系合金的微观结构及900℃下相稳定性的影响。结果表明,铸态合金均为具有体心立方(BCC)结构的简单固溶体,经1200℃匀质化处理后(TiVTa)_(95)Cr_(5)合金发生相分解,基体内出现少量C15_Laves第二相。900℃下TiVTa系合金相稳定性不佳,均分解为一个BCC主相和沿晶界分布的C15_Laves第二相,TiVTa和(TiVTa)95 W 5合金中第二相体积分数较小,Cr,Zr的添加加剧相分解。经相结构及元素分析发现,(TiVTa)_(95)X_(5)(X=Cr,Zr,W)合金中析出的C15_Laves相晶格常数及元素组成均与二元合金体系中可能存在的Laves相不一致,差异主要来源于Laves相的元素组成。     

TiVTa系低活化多主元合金的微观结构及相稳定性EI北大核心

制约可控核聚变堆商业化运用的关键问题之一是面向等离子体材料(plasma facing materials,PFMs),难熔多主元合金因其高温高强度、高熔点及良好的耐辐照性有望满足PFMs的需求。本工作设计并采用电弧熔炼制备了(TiVTa)_(95)X_(5)(X=Cr,Zr,W)低活化多主元合金,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能量色散X射线谱仪(EDS)研究了Cr,Zr和W的添加对铸态、匀质TiVTa系合金的微观结构及900℃下相稳定性的影响。结果表明,铸态合金均为具有体心立方(BCC)结构的简单固溶体,经1200℃匀质化处理后(TiVTa)_(95)Cr_(5)合金发生相分解,基体内出现少量C15_Laves第二相。900℃下TiVTa系合金相稳定性不佳,均分解为一个BCC主相和沿晶界分布的C15_Laves第二相,TiVTa和(TiVTa)95 W 5合金中第二相体积分数较小,Cr,Zr的添加加剧相分解。经相结构及元素分析发现,(TiVTa)_(95)X_(5)(X=Cr,Zr,W)合金中析出的C15_Laves相晶格常数及元素组成均与二元合金体系中可能存在的Laves相不一致,差异主要来源于Laves相的元素组成。     

耐热高熵多主元合金及其强韧化研究现状

航天、航空、船舶等工业的飞速发展对耐热合金提出了更高的要求.传统的耐热合金经长期深入发展,其高温性能已经挖掘至接近极限,亟待开发新的耐热合金体系.近年来提出的多主元高熵合金颠覆了传统固溶体合金的设计理念,显著拓宽了合金设计的成分范围,有望利用这一新的合金设计理念开发出性能更加优异的耐热合金体系.已提出的多种耐热多主元合金体系表现出各自独特的性能特点,也存在各自的不足.其中,体心立方结构的难熔多主元合金具有很高的高温强度,但室温韧性较差;而面心立方结构的多主元合金具有优异的韧塑性,但高温强度较低.针对这些问题,研究人员研究了多种强韧化方法,产生了显著的强韧化效果.本文总结了已有的耐热多主元合金体系,分析了不同合金的微观组织特点和强韧化机理,展望了耐热多主元合金的发展方向,以期为突破新型耐热合金体系开发的学术研究和工程应用提供一定的参考.     

多主元高熵合金AlFeCuCoNiCr的微观结构

依据多主元高熵合金的设计理念,采用真空电弧炉熔炼等摩尔比多主元高熵合金AlFeCuCoNiCr,研究合金的组织结构。研究发现:AlFeCuCoNiCr合金的铸态组织是典型的树枝晶,并有纳米析出相和非晶相形成;合金存在严重的成分偏析现象,铜偏聚于枝晶间;合金形成了简单的面心立方+体心立方(FCC+BCC)结构和少量金属间化合物。     

20wt% SiO2/Al-Mg复合材料的界面反应及其微结构

采用粉末冶金法制备了20wt% SiO₂/Al-Mg复合材料。研究了SiO₂和基体元素Al,Mg反应机制,研究表明:在原SiO₂颗粒内,形成MgAl₂O₄,MgO,Mg₂Si和少量Al和Si。MgAl₂O₄呈不规则形状,而且MgAl₂O₄往往和Al相邻;MgO和Mg₂Si形成片层状共析体;经620℃烧结30min,SiO₂被完全反应掉。反应生成物Si多数被排到Al基体中;原Al-Mg基体中主要物相为:Al,Mg₂Si和Si,Mg₂Si颗粒的尺寸小于0.2μm。原Al-Mg基体中,单质Mg已不存在,Mg反应形成Mg₂Si。     

Effect of heating process on fracture behaviors of Wf/Cu82Al10Fe4Ni4 composites

W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(30) composites and W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(60) composites were prepared by penetrating casting method. Three-point bending test and dynamic compression test showed that W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(30) composites possessed higher mechanical properties than W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(60) composites. Microstructure observation of W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(30) composites revealed that a small amount of tungsten diffused into the Fe–Ni solid solution precipitated on the surface of tungsten fibers. The damage occurred mainly within the tungsten fibers after three-point bending test and dynamic compression test in W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(30) composites, indicating that the composites possessed high interface strength. Dislocation density was high and stacking faults emerged in W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(30) composites after dynamic compression. Microstructure observation of W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(60) composites revealed that long strip of tungsten grains occurred at the edge of tungsten fibers, within which damage mainly emerged after three-point bending test, indicating that strength of the edge of tungsten fibers was low in W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(60) composites. The fibrous structure of tungsten fiber was coarse or even disappeared in some areas, and dislocation density was low in W_f/Cu₈₂Al₁₀Fe₄Ni₄(60) composites after dynamic compression.     

Fe45Co7Cr15Mo10Y2B6C15大块非晶合金的晶化动力学研究

为了明确Fe基块体非晶材料的晶化过程,通过铜模吸铸法制备了Fe45Co7Cr15Mo10Y2B6C15块体非晶合金,采用连续和等温差热扫描量热法对非晶合金在1 000 K以下的晶化动力过程进行了研究.研究表明:在973 K时效后的晶化产物为铁的碳化物;晶化过程的激活能达到了555.9 kJ/mol,非晶热稳定性良好;Avrami常数n值接近2,随着退火温度的变化,n值没有明显的变化,非晶晶化机理没有发生改变,而放热峰宽随着退火温度的降低明显宽化,说明非晶晶化过程是一个二维扩散控制的形核与长大过程.     

On the atomic ordering of Fe25Ni75 alloy

The magnetic properties of the ordered state of Fe₂₅Ni₇₅ are examined and the superlattice formation is proved by transmission electron microscope technique.     

Effects of aging on martensitic transformation of Ti50Ni25Cu25 shape memory alloy

Martensitic transformation has been studied in Ti₅₀Ni₂₅Cu₂₅ shape memory alloy by internal friction (IF) measurement and X-ray diffraction. It shows that the martensitic transformation proceeds from B2 to B19 for the solution-treated Ti₅₀Ni₂₅Cu₂₅ alloy. B2 phase is stabilized, and aging the alloy at 723–923 K decreases internal friction values. Part of the remaining B2 parent phase transform to B19′ monoclinic martensite at much lower temperatures.     

Room-temperature sliding wear properties of laser melt deposited Cr13Ni5Si2/γ alloy

A wear-resistant alloy consisting of Cr₁₃Ni₅Si₂ ternary silicide dendrites and the interdendritic nickel-base solid solution (γ) was designed and fabricated by the laser melting/continuous deposition (LMCD) process. The wear resistance of Cr₁₃Ni₅Si₂/γ alloy was evaluated on an MM-200 block-on-wheel dry sliding wear tester at room temperature. Results indicate that the Cr₁₃Ni₅Si₂/γ alloy has excellent wear resistance and extremely low load-sensitivity of wear under dry sliding wear test conditions due to the high toughness and the high strength, as well as the transferred cover-layer on the worn surface of the alloy. Translated from Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2006, 42(2): 181–185 [译自: 金属学报]     

Thermal stability of decagonal quasicrystal prepared from undercooled Al72Ni12Co16 alloy melt

The thermal stability of the single-phase decagonal quasicrystal produced directly from the undercooled Al₇₂Ni₁₂Co₁₆ alloy melt was investigated by different heat treatments. The optical microscopy, TEM, X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and differential thermal analyzer (DTA) techniques were adopted to observe the microstructure and to characterize the phase composition, respectively. Based on the analyses of the X-ray diffraction patterns and the DTA curves, two modifications of the decagonal quasicrystal existed in the annealed samples, which have a close structural relationship to the decagonal quasicrystal.     

Microstructure, martensitic transformation and superelasticity of Ti49.6Ni45.1Cu5Cr0.3 shape memory alloy

The aim of this study is to investigate the microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior, shape memory effect and superelastic property of Ti_49.6Ni_45.1Cu₅Cr_0.3 alloy, with Cu and Cr substituting for Ni. After annealing, the alloy showed single step A-M/M-A transformations within the whole annealing temperature range of 623 K to 1273 K even in the presence and Ti₂(Ni, Cu) precipitates. With the increase of the annealing temperature, the transformation temperatures exhibited three stages: increasing from 623 K to 873 K, decreasing from 873 K to 1023 K and unchanging from 1023 K to 1273 K. Meanwhile, the critical stress for stress induced martensitic (SIM) transformation decreased to a minimum value and increased after that, exhibiting a V shape curve. The alloy annealed at 623, 773 and 923 K exhibited shape recovery ratio more than 90% when the deformation strain was below 20%.     

Effects of initial structure on the shape memory properties of Ti50Ni25Cu25 ribbons

The effect of annealing temperature and initial structure (amorphous and fully crystallized) on shape memory properties of Ti₅₀Ni₂₅Cu₂₅ melt-spun ribbons was studied by using DSC and thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). M_s of the annealed ribbons increased with the annealing temperature below 550 °C. It decreased with annealing temperature above 550 °C. The fully crystallized as-spun ribbon showed the highest shape recovery strain under 45 MPa. With the increase of annealing temperature the recovery strain of the two ribbons decreased significantly.     

Grain refinement and wear properties evaluation of aluminum alloy 2014 matrix-TiB2 in-situ composites

A salt base exothermic reaction process has been employed to produce aluminum alloy 2014 matrix-TiB₂ composites using an exothermic reaction process at 850 °C using K2TiF6 and KBF₄ salts. The period of exothermic reaction was varied from a minimum of 15 min to a maximum of 45 min to investigate the relationship between the degree of reaction and the growth behavior of TiB₂ formed. These have been compared with commercially available aluminum alloy 2014 material. Structural and wear properties have been measured. These show that TiB₂ is extremely effective in enhancing wear properties in addition to significantly reducing the coefficient of friction. The microstructure and phase composition of the materials obtained were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Very fine ceramic particles were obtained in the aluminum alloy matrix.     

烧结工艺对贮氢合金La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5的微观组织结构及电化学性能影响的研究

系统研究了固相反应烧结方法制备La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5贮氢合金的烧结工艺对该合金的微观组织结构及电化学性能的影响规律.分析和研究了合金的微观组织结构、电化学放电性能及Mg含量的挥发损失问题.XRD和SEM及EPMA分析结果表明,在不同烧结条件下合金均由不合Mg的LaNi5相、富Mg的LaNi3相及一个贫Mg的LaNix(x=3.0～3.8)相三相组成.当烧结温度不超过1203k时合金主相为LaNi3相,当烧结温度超过1203K,LaNi5相逐步成为主相.原子吸收光谱分析结果表明,烧结温度不超过1203K,Mg元素没有明显损失;当烧结温度超过1203K,会引起Mg的大量挥发损失.电化学性能分析结果表明,烧结温度不超过1203K,合金放电能力主要受合金组织形成与均匀性影响;而烧结温度超过1203K,Mg元素挥发损失成为影响合金放电能力的决定因素.烧结条件为873～1123k保持24h、1203k保持2h,是制备La0.67Mg0.33Ni2 5Co0.5贮氢合金的适宜工艺.用该工艺制备的La0 67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5贮氢合金Mg含量稳定(2.92%质量分数)、微观组织均匀、放电容量高(395mAh/g)、活化性能好(2个循环).