表面处理对TiAlSiN涂层刀具表面完整性及切削性能的影响研究

涂层刀具在高速干切削钛合金时容易出现刀具磨损严重、刀具寿命短等问题,对涂层刀具进行表面处理能改善涂层刀具的表面完整性,是提高涂层刀具耐磨性和切削寿命的有效途径。选取TiAlSiN涂层刀具,分别进行深冷处理、微喷砂处理和深冷+微喷砂处理,研究不同处理方法对涂层刀具表面完整性(包括表面形貌、表面粗糙度、显微硬度和表面残余应力等)的影响,并进行钛合金高速干切削试验,分析不同处理方法对涂层刀具切削性能的影响,探究提高涂层刀具耐磨性和切削寿命的方法。结果表明：与单一深冷处理和微喷砂处理相比,深冷+微喷砂处理后涂层刀具表面完整性明显改善,刀具寿命显著提高。深冷+微喷砂处理能减少刀具崩刃、月牙洼磨损和磨粒磨损,有效提高涂层刀具耐磨性。     

液氮低温铣削GH4169合金时涂层刀具表面完整性及磨损研究

高速切削过程中,刀具表面完整性的变化与刀具磨损具有紧密联系,采用PVD-TiN/TiAlN硬质合金涂层刀具进行液氮低温铣削GH4169合金试验,研究不同喷射温度时刀具的表面完整性(包括表面粗糙度、表面显微硬度和表面残余应力)及其与刀具磨损的关系。结果表明,在刀具磨损影响下,涂层刀具表面粗糙度变化趋势一致,刀具表面显微硬度与表面残余应力随刀具后刀面磨损量的增加先增大后减小;与喷射温度为-30℃相比,喷射温度为-90℃时涂层刀具的表面显微硬度与表面残余压应力更大,在铣削过程中更快达到最大值。喷射温度为-90℃时涂层刀具的表面完整性得到提升,刀具耐磨性提高,稳定磨损阶段持续时间延长,刀具寿命显著提升。     

用PCBN刀具精密切削GCr15淬硬轴承钢

通过切削试验研究了PCBN刀具精密切削GCr15淬硬轴承钢时的切削力特征、切屑形态、刀具磨损特性等切削性能 ,并从表面粗糙度、硬化层深度、亚表层白层现象、残余应力分布等方面研究了PCBN刀具精密切削淬硬轴承钢的加工表面质量     

Al2O3基陶瓷刀具干切削淬硬钢H13时的加工表面质量研究

试验研究了不同速度下Al_2O_3/(W,Ti) C陶瓷刀具的磨损寿命以及不同后刀面磨损量时对应的切削温度,不同切削速度时刀具后刀面磨损量对表面粗糙度、表面残余应力以及加工硬化等表面完整性的影响规律及机制。结果表明:随着切削速度提高,工件已加工表面粗糙度减小;随着陶瓷刀具后刀面磨损量增加,表面粗糙度先减小后增大;已加工表面的残余压应力随切削速度增大而逐渐减小;表面残余应力随后刀面磨损量增大从残余压应力向残余拉应力转变;随着切削速度的提高,工件表面加工硬化逐渐降低;已加工表面显微硬度值和硬化层深度随后刀面磨损量增加而增大。     

微喷砂前处理对AlCrN涂层刀具表面完整性的影响

对YG8硬质合金进行微喷砂前处理,然后采用物理气相沉积法制备AlCrN涂层。研究微喷砂前处理工艺参数对涂层表面完整性(表面形貌、表面粗糙度、表面硬度及表面应力)的影响。结果表明,合适的微喷砂参数(P=0.3 MPa,T=30 s)可以减少涂层刀具表面缺陷,降低涂层刀具的表面粗糙度Ra,提高涂层刀具显微硬度和表面残余应力。探究了微喷砂前处理对涂层刀具表面完整性的影响规律,优化了微喷砂工艺参数,有助于推动涂层刀具表面处理技术的发展。     

GH4169高速车削参数对加工表面完整性影响研究

使用PVD-TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀片进行高温合金GH4169的高速车削正交试验,建立了表面完整性特征中表面粗糙度、表面残余应力、显微硬度的经验公式,分析了车削参数对表面完整性各特征量的影响规律,并观测了高速车削加工的表面形貌。结果表明:表面粗糙度随车削速度的增加而减小,随进给量和切削深度的增加而增大,进给量是影响表面粗糙度的最主要因素;随着进给量的增加,表面形貌变差;轴向残余应力表现为压应力,切向残余应力表现为拉应力,减小进给量,降低车削速度可减小车削加工的残余应力,轴向残余应力对进给量最敏感,切向残余应力对切削深度最敏感;显微硬度随车削速度的增大而增加,车削速度是影响显微硬度的主要因素。     

PCBN刀具干湿切削淬硬钢对比试验研究

通过PCBN刀具干、湿切削淬硬轴承钢GCr15对比试验,对两种条件下的切削力随刀具磨损的变化、刀具寿命及被加工工件表面粗糙度进行了对比。试验表明:干切削状态下金属软化效应占主导地位,湿切削可获得更好的表面粗糙度,切削液在刀具磨损后期开始发挥作用。     

刀具磨损对FGH96试件加工表面完整性及疲劳性能的影响

粉末冶金高温合金FGH96的切削加工性极差,加工过程中刀具磨损严重,直接影响零件的加工表面质量和疲劳寿命。采用涂层刀具车削FGH96试件,研究刀具磨损对FGH96试件加工表面完整性及疲劳性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着刀具磨损量(刀具后刀面磨损量)的增加,试件表面粗糙度Ra会随之增大,加工表面显微硬度则逐渐减小;加工表面残余应力均表现为残余压应力状态,且残余应力绝对值随着刀具磨损量的增加而增大;加工表面塑性变形层深度则随着刀具磨损量的增加而加深。同时,当刀具磨损量VB≤0.15 mm时,在试件表面完整性的综合影响下,试件的疲劳寿命下降幅度较小;当刀具磨损量VB>0.15 mm后,试件的疲劳寿命则急剧下降;因此,为保证FGH96试件车削加工后的疲劳寿命,车削刀具的磨损量VB应控制在0.15 mm以内。     

高速切削GH2132涂层刀具表面及次表面性能演变研究

高速切削过程中,涂层刀具表面性能及次表面残余应力的变化会直接影响刀具的切削性能。采用PVD-TiAlN硬质合金涂层刀具进行高速车削GH2132高温合金试验,研究刀具表面性能在切削过程中的变化规律,并用拉曼光谱法测量了刀具不同磨损阶段的涂层次表面残余应力分布。结果表明,刀具在完整寿命期间内,表面残余压应力和表面显微硬度均呈先增大后减小的趋势。刀具从未磨损到稳定磨损阶段中期,涂层截面残余应力均为残余压应力占主体且沿深度方向逐渐增大,但切削至稳定磨损阶段后期时,涂层在靠近基体位置出现残余压应力减小的现象。在稳定磨损阶段前期,刀具有最佳的表面性能及最大的次表面压应力,此时刀具切削性能最佳,刀具磨损缓慢。     

PCBN刀具的硬态切削加工机理

从PCBN刀具的物理特性、靡损特性、锯齿形切屑的形成机理、切削力和金属软化效应、已加工表面质量等方面综述了PCBN刀具切削淬硬钢的适应性,着重从刀具磨损,已加工表面白层和残余应力的形成论证了PCBN刀具在淬硬钢切削加工中的可行性。     

Performance evaluation of CBN,coated carbide,cryogenically treated uncoated/coated carbide inserts in finish-turning of hardened steel

In the present work, the performance of cubic boron nitride (CBN) inserts was compared with coated carbide and cryogenically treated coated/uncoated carbide inserts in terms of flank wear, surface roughness, white layer formation, and microhardness variation under dry cutting conditions for finish turning of hardened AISI H11 steel (48–49 HRC). The flank wear of CBN tools was observed to be lower than that of other inserts, but the accumulated machining time for all the four edges of carbide inserts were nearer to or better than the PCBN inserts. Results showed that tool life of carbide inserts decreased at higher cutting speeds. The surface roughness achieved under all cutting conditions for coated-carbide-treated/untreated inserts was comparable with that achieved with CBN inserts and was below 1.6 μm. The white layer formation and microhardness variation is less while turning with cryogenically treated carbide inserts than the CBN and untreated carbide. At low to medium cutting speed and feed, the performance of carbide inserts was comparable with CBN both in terms of tool life and surface integrity.     

清洁切削高温合金涂层刀具切削性能及加工表面完整性

针对高温合金高速干切削刀具磨损严重、加工表面质量差等突出问题,基于清洁切削技术,采用硬质合金涂层刀具进行高速铣削高温合金GH2132试验,研究干式切削、液氮不同喷射温度对涂层刀具切削性能以及加工表面完整性的影响规律,探究运用清洁切削高温合金来延长涂层刀具寿命和提高加工表面质量的可行性。研究表明：液氮低温切削GH2132时的切削合力随喷射温度的降低而增大,切削区温度在-150～-190℃喷射时已完全处于低温状态;随着液氮喷射温度的降低,刀具涂层剥落面积明显减小,且降低了黏结磨损和氧化磨损,在-150℃喷射条件下可获得较长的刀具寿命;加工表面粗糙度S_a在-30～-150℃喷射条件下获得较小值,随喷射温度的降低,加工硬化和残余拉应力分别增大和减小;与干式切削相比,液氮切削喷射温度在-150～-190℃下可显著延长涂层刀具寿命并提高加工表面质量。     

激光超声复合切削硬质合金的刀具磨损及其对工件表面质量的影响

基于激光加热辅助切削和超声椭圆振动切削提出了激光超声复合切削加工工艺。采用聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀具对YG10硬质合金进行了常规切削,超声椭圆振动切削,激光加热辅助切削和激光超声复合切削对比试验。检测了刀具磨损量、刀具磨损形貌、工件表面粗糙度以及工件表面形貌,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对刀具磨损区域进行了能谱分析,同时研究了激光超声复合切削硬质合金时PCBN刀具的磨损及其对工件表面质量的影响。最后,与常规切削、超声振动切削及激光加热辅助切削进行了对比试验。结果表明:激光超声复合切削时刀具使用寿命显著增加,加工后的工件表面粗糙度平均值分别降低了79%、60%和64%,且工件表面更加平整光滑。激光超声复合切削硬质合金时,PCBN刀具的前刀面磨损表现为平滑且均匀的月牙洼磨损,后刀面磨损表现为较窄的三角形磨损带和较浅的凹坑和划痕;刀具的失效机理主要为黏接磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损的综合作用。     

Surface Integrity and Machineability in Intermittent Hard Turning

Despite the large amount of research on hard turning, there are few results on intermittent hard turning. In this paper, the feasibility of internal intermittent hard turning has been investigated. First, the cutting tools with different cubic boron nitride (CBN) contents were evaluated, based on machineability: tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting forces. In the case of intermittent turning, low CBN content tools had better machineability than high CBN content tools. The depth of the machining damaged layer and the magnitude and distribution of residual stress were evaluated. The experimental results showed that intermittent hard turning can produce surface integrity which is good enough for replacing the grinding process.     

Tribological compatibility and improvement of machining productivity and surface integrity

Machining process productivity and machined part quality improvement is a considerable challenge for modern manufacturing. One way to accomplish this is through the application of PVD coatings on cutting tools. In this study the wear rate and wear behavior of end milling cutters with mono-layered TiAlCrN and nano-multilayered self-adaptive TiAlCrN/WN PVD coatings have been studied under high performance dry ball-nose end-milling conditions. The material being machined in this case is hardened H13 tool steel. The morphology of the worn surface of the cutting tool has been studied using SEM/EDX. The microstructure of the cross-section of the chips formed during cutting was analyzed as well. The surface integrity of the workpiece material was also evaluated. Surface roughness and microhardness distribution near the surface of the workpiece material was also investigated. The data presented shows that achieving a high degree of tribological compatibility within the cutting tool/workpiece system can have a big impact on tool life and surface integrity improvement during end milling of hardened tool steel.     

精密硬车加工轴承套圈的表面完整性试验研究

针对磨削加工中套圈精密加工存在的不足,进行精密硬车削加工轴承套圈新工艺的开发,通过加工试验分析了精密硬车加工轴承套圈的表面完整性,探究了基准面平面度、刀具磨损量等工艺参数与加工精度的对应关系。基于精密硬车削套圈试样的表面粗糙度、沟道圆度、显微硬度、热损伤、金相组织、残余应力分布、加工效率等方面的研究,得出了精密硬车削可达到磨削加工精度的结论,且金相组织稳定,不易存在热损伤,具有可控的残余应力分布和较高的加工效率,有利于产业化生产高精密轴承。利用磁性卡盘装夹套圈,分析试样基准面平面度对精密硬车削套圈沟道圆度的影响,发现提高基准面平面度可以有效提高加工套圈的沟道圆度;分析了刀具磨损对硬车削套圈加工精度的影响,得出在精密加工阶段刀具磨损量是控制套圈圆度的重要监控工艺参数的结论。