石墨烯/纳米银复合材料的制备、微结构及其导电性能

将不同比例的氧化石墨烯(GO)和硝酸银混合,采用水合肼一步还原制备石墨烯/纳米银(RGO/Ag)复合材料。采用UV-vis、XRD、FTIR和SEM对RGO/Ag复合材料结构组成进行表征分析,并结合热流量和结构变化研究其构成和热处理工艺对导电性的影响。结果表明:Ag基本以类似球形与石墨烯(RGO)复合;RGO/Ag复合材料的导电性与其构成有很大关系,只有当GO加入量小于50wt%时,Ag含量的提高和热处理工艺的优化可以明显改善复合材料的导电性,其中,GO加入量为16wt%的RGO/Ag片方阻值可达到8mΩ/□;当GO加入量高于50wt%时,复合材料导电性与RGO接近,受Ag含量的提高和热处理工艺优化的影响较小。     

氧化石墨烯纳米片层对水泥基复合材料的增韧效果及作用机制

通过氧化和超声波分散制备了氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片层分散体系,研究了GO纳米片层对水泥基复合材料的增韧效果及作用机制。用EDS、FTIR、XRD、SEM和AFM对GO纳米片层的结构进行了表征。研究结果表明：所得GO含氧量为32.3wt%,GO纳米片层的厚度为6 nm左右,在GO片层表面含有羟基、羧基和磺酸基等活性基团。水泥基复合材料的SEM形貌及力学性能测定结果表明：当GO掺量为0.03wt%时,GO能够使水泥水化产物形成花朵状晶体,并使水泥基复合材料的拉伸强度、抗折强度和压缩强度比对照样品分别提高了65.5%、60.7%和38.9%。提出了GO纳米片层对水泥水化产物的模板调控机制,揭示了花状晶体的形成过程。     

氧化石墨烯增强水泥基复合材料的研究现状及展望

水泥水化进程复杂,所形成的水化产物缺陷较多,因而导致水泥基复合材料的力学性能及耐久性较差,如何对水泥水化行为进行调控成为了研究的热点。氧化石墨烯(GO)是由石墨氧化制备石墨烯的中间产物,因其存在大量的活性基团,在水泥基复合材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。概述了氧化石墨烯的选择及制备,论述了氧化石墨烯增强水泥基复合材料的流变性、微结构、物理力学性能及耐久性,重点阐述了氧化石墨烯对水泥基复合材料水化及性能调控的作用机理,针对当前研究中存在的问题进行了总结,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。     

纳米氧化石墨烯增强增韧水泥基复合材料的微观结构及作用机理

通过氧化反应和超声波分散作用制备了不同含氧量氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米分散液,研究了GO氧含量、用量和水化时间对水泥基复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明GO能够调控水泥水化产物的形状,促使水泥水化反应形成规整的花状晶体,使得水泥基复合材料的强度特别是拉伸强度和抗折强度显著提高。研究结果证实了GO在水泥复合材料水化过程中起到模板作用,能够调控水泥水化产物的微观结构及提高水泥基复合材料的韧性,同时提出了GO调控水泥基复合材料微观结构的作用机理。本文结果提供了一种可显著增强增韧水泥基复合材料的新方法,具有潜在的应用前景。     

氧化石墨烯/再生水泥基复合材料的制备

基于建筑垃圾再生细骨料替代天然砂,进行氧化石墨烯(GO)改性再生水泥基复合材料的综合物理性能和水化机制研究。采用超声分散GO及振动搅拌制备再生水泥基复合材料,综合耐久性能测试结果表明:和不掺GO再生水泥基复合材料相比,添加0.03% GO改性7 d龄期强度的GO/再生水泥基复合材料抗折和抗压强度分别提高了16%和21%;添加0.02% GO改性的28 d龄期强度的GO/再生水泥基复合材料抗折和抗压分别提高了13.7%和13.6%。GO/再生水泥基复合材料龄期7 d耐候、50次冻融循环后力学性能均良好;氯离子含量皆小于0.06%。放射性检测结果表明:GO/再生水泥基复合材料内照射指数I_Ra和外照射指数I_r均属于A类建筑材料。通过XRD、TG-DTA、SEM等手段对GO/再生水泥基复合材料水化机制研究表明:GO促进了钙矾石(AFt)晶体的大量生成及胶凝孔中存在更多的自由水,且对后期氢氧化钙(CH)的产生有抑制作用,进而提高了GO/再生水泥基复合材料综合物理性能。      

没食子酸协同聚羧酸减水剂分散氧化石墨烯及其对水泥砂浆性能的影响

少量氧化石墨烯(GO)可大幅度提升水泥基材料的强度和韧性,但GO极易在高钙高碱水泥水化介质中聚沉,解决GO的分散稳定性问题是发挥其对水泥基材料增强功效的关键.本工作研究了没食子酸(GA)对GO在饱和氢氧化钙(CH)溶液中的助分散作用及其对GO掺配水泥砂浆力学性能的影响.相对于聚羧酸减水剂(PC)单独分散GO体系,额外加入一定比例的GA能进一步改善GO在CH溶液中的稳定分散能力;与PC分散GO的基准试件相比,少量的助分散剂GA可使水泥砂浆3 d的抗折、抗压强度分别提高17.3％和18％,28 d的抗折、抗压强度分别提高19.2％和21.4％.GA协同PC分散GO具有更好的促进水泥水化进程的作用,可使硬化水泥石的微观结构更加密实,水泥水化产物晶体更加有序规整生长.本研究以绿色廉价的GA作助分散剂,为GO增强水泥基材料提供了一种全新的思路且具有潜在的应用前景.     

氧化石墨烯在水泥基复合材料中应用的研究进展

氧化石墨烯(GO)是一种极具潜力的纳米增强材料,对水泥基复合材料具有显著的增强和增韧作用.但现有研究中仍存在一些盲点和有争议的领域,需通过进一步的研究加以阐明.本文综述了GO增强水泥基复合材料的最新研究进展,介绍了GO对水泥基复合材料性能的影响及其作用机制,重点阐述了GO在水泥环境中的分散性,GO对水化性能、工作性和流...     

具有大规模规整致密花状微观结构形貌高/超高性能氧化石墨烯/水泥基复合材料

通过掺入氧化石墨烯(GO)及调控水灰比制备了高性能及超高性能水泥基复合材料,当水灰比为0.26及GO掺量为0.03%和0.05%时,水泥基复合材料的抗压强度和抗折强度分别为125.6 MPa、146.7 MPa和15.6 MPa、18.3 MPa。当水灰比为0.18及GO掺量为0.03%和0.05%时,水泥基复合材料的抗压强度和抗折强度分别为168.6 MPa、181.3 MPa和26.9 MPa、29.4MPa。水泥基复合材料的抗渗透、抗冻融、抗碳化等性能得到了显著提高。通过SEM观察水泥基体的微观形貌,发现水泥水化产物成为了形状规整的水化晶体,并且交织交联成为规整致密的花状微观形貌。XRD结果表明,规整形状水化晶体是由多种水泥水化晶体复合杂化形成的复合晶体。     

氧化石墨烯增强水泥复合材料的断裂性能

将氧化石墨烯(GO)加入水泥砂浆中,以提高其抗裂性和韧性。通过三点弯曲梁法测试了GO增强水泥砂浆试件的断裂性能,采用双K断裂模型分析了GO掺量对改性水泥砂浆断裂参数的影响。结果表明:GO提高了水泥砂浆试件的起裂韧度,当GO掺量（与胶凝材料质量比）为0.01%~0.07%时,较对照组分别提高了13.4%、25.4%、24.6%和16.7%,但对失稳韧度的影响有限,不同GO掺量水泥砂浆的断裂能较对照组提高了10.7%~33.3%。结合微观试验发现,GO主要通过影响水泥水化过程,优化孔结构,促进高密度水化产物生成,提高水化产物间的粘结力,进而抑制微裂缝生成和发展。      

氧化石墨烯的还原程度对水泥砂浆复合材料性能的影响

该研究制备不同还原程度的还原氧化石墨烯(rGO),研究还原参数对水泥砂浆复合材料的抗折和抗压强度的影响.采用接触角测量仪(CA)、射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对材料结构进行测试和表征.结果表明,rGO的最佳还原参数为0.2?wt％水合肼和15?mi...     

可磁分离ZnFe2O4-TiO2/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及光催化性能

以TiO2(P25)、 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、 Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,通过一步溶剂热法合成可磁分离的ZnFe2O4-TiO2/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)复合材料。采用UV-Vis、 Raman、 XRD、 SEM和EDS对ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO复合材料进行表征,并研究不同rGO比例的ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO对模拟染料废水亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解性能。GO在溶剂热反应过程中,被还原成rGO。由于ZnFe2O4和rGO的加入,不仅使ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO实现对可见光的吸收,而且使其具有磁性,便于分离和回收利用。当GO质量分数为5wt%时, ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO显现出对MB最佳的光催化活性, 60 min光照后的降解率达到99.1%。通过光催化活性物种捕获实验得出ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO复合材料降解MB的过程中,活性物种主要为·OH和·O2-, TiO2导带(CB)中的光生电子(e+)转移到ZnFe2O4的价带(VB),遵循Z型转移机制。光催化剂稳定性实验表明, ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO复合材料具有优越的稳定性,可作为太阳光照射下降解有机染料的光催化剂。     

Reinforcing graphene oxide/cement composite with NH<Subscript>2</Subscript> functionalizing group

In this study, pure and NH₂-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have been added to the cement mortar with different weight percents (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 wt%). In addition, the effects of functionalizing GO on the microstructure and mechanical properties (flexural/compressive strengths) of cement composite have been investigated for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that GO filled the pores and well dispersed in concrete matrix, whereas exceeding GO additive from 0.10 wt% caused the formation of agglomerates and microcracks. In addition, mercury intrusion porosimetry confirmed the significant effects of GO and functionalizing groups on filling the pores. NH₂-functionalizing helped to improve the cohesion between GO nanosheets and cement composite. Compressive strengths increased from 39 MPa for the sample without GO to 54.23 MPa for the cement composites containing 0.10 wt% of NH₂-functionalized GO. Moreover, the flexural strength increased to 23.4 and 38.4% by compositing the cement paste with 0.10 wt% of pure and NH₂-functionalized GO, compared to the sample without GO, respectively. It was shown that functionalizing considerably enhanced the mechanical properties of GO/cement composite due to the interfacial strength between calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) gel and functionalized GO nanosheets as observed in SEM images. The morphological results were in good agreement with the trend obtained in mechanical properties of GO/cement composites.     

氧化石墨烯增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能及微观结构

本文采用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯（Graphene oxide,GO）悬浮液,通过FTIR、XRD和AFM等测试技术对GO晶体结构和尺寸形态进行了表征,考察了GO掺量和水灰比的变化对GO增强水泥基复合材料力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明：GO增强水泥基复合材料抗折抗压强度随GO掺量增加而先提高后降低,且对于抗折强度增强效果远超过抗压强度,当GO掺量为0.03%时,抗折强度达到最大值13.72 MPa;高水灰比条件下掺入GO对水泥胶砂强度的提高更显著;通过SEM对GO增强水泥基复合材料微观结构进行表征,发现GO能够优化水泥水化产物的微观结构形态,细化晶体尺寸,形成更加致密均匀的网络结构,从而改善水泥基复合材料的宏观性能。     

纤维素纳米纤丝-还原氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺气凝胶柔性电极复合材料的制备与性能

利用高长径比的纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）与片层结构的氧化石墨烯（GO）形成的CNF-GO复合水凝胶经抗坏血酸还原制备出CNF-还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）复合水凝胶材料。通过冷冻干燥法得到CNF-rGO复合气凝胶,并进一步通过苯胺单体在CNF-rGO复合气凝胶的孔道内原位聚合制备出CNF-rGO/聚苯胺（PANI）气凝胶柔性电极复合材料。研究了不同苯胺、CNF和GO的质量比对CNF-rGO/PANI气凝胶柔性电极复合材料的结构形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,苯胺原位聚合后所得CNF-rGO/PANI复合气凝胶仍具有紧密的三维多孔网络结构。与rGO/PANI气凝胶电极复合材料相比,CNF-rGO/PANI气凝胶电极复合材料具有更理想的电容行为。当CNF与GO质量比为60∶40,PANI添加量为0.1 mol时,CNF-rGO/PANI气凝胶电极复合材料比电容可达85.9 Fg-1,且其电化学性能几乎不受弯曲程度的影响,展现出了良好的柔韧性和电化学性能。      

三维多孔结构聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以自制聚苯胺水凝胶和氧化石墨烯为原料采用原位聚合法和溶液灌注法制备三维多孔结构的聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料,然后在氢碘酸的还原下制备聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料。采用红外光谱法、场发射扫描电子显微镜和热重分析法对制备的复合材料的结构、形貌和组成进行表征,并采用三电极测试方式对其电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的掺入能有效防止聚苯胺和氧化石墨烯的团聚和堆叠问题,获得了具有良好三维多孔结构的聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合物;聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料被氢碘酸还原后,得到的聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的热稳定性有所降低,但其比电容和导电性等有了很大的提高,在电流密度为0.5 A/g时,PANI/GO和PANI/r GO的比电容分别为240.38 F/g和321.91F/g。     

Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane/reduced graphene oxide composites with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties

Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane (IFRPU) composites were prepared in the presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as synergism, melamine, and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate. The composites were examined in terms of thermal stability (both under nitrogen and air), electrical conductivity, gas barrier, flammability, mechanical, and rheological properties. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy indicated that rGO are well-dispersed and exfoliated in the IFRPU composites. The limiting oxygen index values increased from 22.0 to 34.0 with the addition of 18 wt% IFR along with 2 wt% rGO. Moreover, the incorporation of rGO into IFRPU composites exhibited excellent antidripping properties as well as UL-94 V0 rating. The thermal stability of the composites enhanced. This was attributed to high surface area and good dispersion of rGO sheets induced by strong interactions between PU and rGO. The oxygen permeability, electrical, and viscoelasticity measurements, respectively, demonstrated that rGO lead to much more reduction in the gas permeability (by ~90 %), high electrical conductivity, and higher storage modulus of IFRPU composites. The tensile strength, modulus, and shore A remarkably improved by the incorporation of 2.0 wt% of rGO as well.     

Improved thermal properties of graphene oxide-incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a two-dimensional lattice, has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties. In particular, because of its excellent thermal properties such as high thermal conductivity and good thermal stability, graphene has been regarded as a one of the promising candidates for the reinforcing fillers on the polymer composites field. In this study, we prepared the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite by a simple solution mixing process, and examined the thermal reinforcing effects of GO on a PMMA matrix. Using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, and thermal conductivity meter, we investigated the effects of GO on the thermal properties of PMMA/GO nanocomposites. With 3 wt% of GO loading, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PMMA/GO nanocomposite were increased by more than 7 degrees C and the thermal conductivity of which also improved 1.8 times compared to pure PMMA.     

Implications of Chemical Reduction Using Hydriodic Acid on the Antimicrobial Properties of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes

The antimicrobial properties of graphene‐based membranes such as single‐layer graphene oxide (GO) and modified graphene oxide (rGO) on top of cellulose ester membrane are reported in this study. rGO membranes are made from GO by hydriodic acid (HI) vapor treatment. The antibacterial properties are tested after 3 h contact time with selected model bacteria. Complete bacterial cell inactivation is found only after contact with rGO membranes, while no significant bacterial inactivation is found for the control i) GO membrane, ii) the mixed cellulose ester support, and the iii) rGO membrane after additional washing that removes the remaining HI. This indicates that the antimicrobial effect is neither caused by the graphene nor the membrane support. The antimicrobial effect is found to be conclusively linked to the HI eliminating microbial growth, at concentrations from 0.005%. These findings emphasize the importance of caution in the reporting of antimicrobial properties of graphene‐based surfaces.     

Electrical and optical properties of reduced graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes based nanocomposites: A comparative study

Graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes have attracted interest for a number of potential applications. One of the most actively pursued applications uses graphene and carbon nanotubes as a transparent conducting electrode in solar cells, displays or touch screens. In this work, in situ reduced graphene oxide/Poly (vinyl alcohol) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Poly (vinyl alcohol) composites were prepared by water dispersion and different reduction treatments. Comparative studies were conducted to explore the electrical and optical properties of nanocomposites based on graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A thermal reduction of graphene oxide was more effective, producing films with sheet resistances as low as 10²–10³ Ω/square with 80% transmittance for 550 nm light. The percolation threshold of the thermally reduced graphene oxide composites (0.35 vol%) was much lower than that of the chemically reduced graphene oxide composites (0.57 vol%), and than that of the carbon nanotubes composites (0.47 vol%). The Seebeck coefficient of graphene oxide films changes from about 40 μV/K to −30 μV/K after an annealing of three hours at 200 °C. The optical absorption of the nanocomposites showed a high absorbance in near UV regions and the photoluminescence enhancement was achieved at 1 wt% graphene loading, while the carbon nanotubes based composite presents a significant emission at 0.7 wt% followed with a photoluminescence quenching at higher fraction of the nanofillers 1.6 wt% TRGO and 1 wt% MWCNTs.     

氧化石墨烯/聚乙二醇复合材料在人工关节材料上的润滑性能

通过销盘试验分析氧化石墨烯(GO)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和不同比例的GO/PEG复合材料的摩擦学性能,考察GO增强PEG在人工关节材料UHMWPE-CoCrMo配副上的润滑效果,并利用FTIR、XRD、拉曼光谱等研究了GO/PEG复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明:混合比例为0.85wt%GO与40wt%PEG的GO/PEG复合材料在4.2 MPa加载载荷、0.024m/s的滑动速度条件下,平均摩擦系数为0.015,具有良好的润滑效果;GO均匀地分散在PEG溶液中,组分间较强的界面相互作用协同增强了GO/PEG复合材料的润滑性能。