自激振荡脉冲磨料水射流的研究

对自激振荡脉冲磨料水射流进行了大量的理论和实验研究 ,并与前混合磨料水射流进行了对比实验。结果表明 ,自激振荡脉冲磨料水射流具有很好的发展和应用前景。     

自激振荡脉冲磨科水射流的研究

对自激振荡脉冲磨料水射流进行了大量的理论和实验研究，并与前混合磨料水射流进行了对比实验。结果表明，自激振荡脉冲磨料水射流具有很好的发展和应用前景。     

基于稳健性设计的磨料水射流参数优化

磨料水射流加工技术是非传统的加工技术,它依靠高压、高水速和高速砂粒磨料作用在工件上去除材料,而在磨料水射流切割加工过程中存在切割深度和表面粗糙度较难控制的问题。基于稳健性设计理论、变量分析和信噪比,利用L9正交试验,对磨料水射流的压力、磨料流量、靶距和磨料粒径等加工过程参数进行优化。分析了加工参数的影响优先级,得出了磨料水射流加工参数的最优值,建立了切割深度信噪比回归模型并通过检验证明模型可靠。稳健性设计前后结果对比表明,切割深度和表面粗糙度比优化前有明显提升,从而提升了磨料水射流的加工质量。在实际加工不锈钢304中验证了结果的可靠性和该方法的可行性,为磨料水射流加工技术的推广提供了指导。     

磨料水射流加工去除模型研究

采用ANSYS Fluent对磨粒流场进行瞬态CFD仿真,得到射流过程中磨粒的分布和速度;并研究射流加工区磨粒运动机制,研究表明,新型后混合式磨料水射流加工中磨粒很容易穿过射流加工的静压区直接与工件发生作用进而去除材料。建立磨粒冲击塑性材料的冲击变形磨损模型,并结合Finnie塑性剪切磨损去除模型建立磨料水射流加工去除模型,模型表明,射流加工中心区域的材料去除量最高。根据新型后混合式磨料水射流系统进行塑性材料的磨料水射流加工试验,结果表明,射流加工中心区域材料去除最高,这是由于射流加工中心区域磨粒冲击角度较大、磨粒速度较高,材料以冲击变形磨损去除为主;远离射流冲击中心区域材料去除较低,材料以剪切磨损去除为主,与磨料水射流加工去除模型是完全一致的,证实磨料水射流加工去除模型的正确性。     

磨料水射流抛光技术的研究现状

磨料水射流抛光是新出现的一种精密加工技术。本文综述了国内外学者对磨料水射流抛光技术的研究情况,介绍了磨料水射流抛光机理和各工艺参数对抛光效果的影响,指出了目前磨料水射流抛光加工中存在的问题。     

精密磨料微水射流加工系统研究

通过研究精密磨料微水射流加工机理,设计磨料微水射流系统结构,优化加工工艺,指导实际生产,扩大磨料微水射流应用。     

磨料水射流铣削加工表面质量的研究

以磨料水射流铣削加工质量为核心,通过对45#材料进行铣削加工实验,采用单因素分析法,分析磨料水射流铣削加工时主要加工参数靶距S、喷嘴移动速度v、射流压力p、横向进给量L、铣削次数n对铣削加工质量的影响,得到了加工参数对表面质量的影响规律,为磨料水射流铣削加工其他材料提供了参考。     

磨料电化学射流加工的材料去除模型研究

磨料电化学射流加工是由磨料水射流加工与电化学射流加工复合而成,因此磨料电化学射流材料去除模型是综合了磨料水射流加工去除模型和电化学射流去除模型得到的。而磨料水射流加工模型包括冲击磨损去除模型和剪切磨损去除模型,电化学射流加工去除模型是根据电解加工工件的阳极溶解规律建立的。首先分析了单颗磨粒的冲击磨损和剪切磨损去除模型,得到多颗粒磨料水射流加工的去除模型,然后根据法拉第定律得到电化学射流加工去除模型,最后合成得到复合加工的去除模型。     

磨料水射流加工陶瓷的研究进展

综述了磨料水射流切割、钻削、铣削、车削陶瓷材料的研究进展,简要论述了磨料水射流加工原理,展望了应用前景,提出了今后的重点研究方向,对磨料水射流加工陶瓷材料研究有一定的参考性。     

磨料水射流冲蚀工件仿真及实验研究

工业陶瓷、钢材等高硬脆材料由于其硬度大、脆性高等特点,传统加工方法极容易产生细小裂纹,从而影响工件的寿命及综合性能。磨料水射流加工技术具有无热影响区、加工范围广、加工柔性高等优点,可实现对硬脆材料的精细加工。该文利用ANSYS/LSDYNA有限元分析软件对磨料水射流加工过程进行了仿真,并将仿真结果与对应的实验结果进行对比分析,得出仿真结果与实验结果有很好的一致性。     

钛合金曲面磨粒流加工扰流流道仿真与试验研究

针对具有复杂曲面的钛合金工件磨粒流抛光后表面粗糙度Ra不均匀问题,提出一种具有扰流结构的仿型约束加工流道。借助计算流体动力学（CFD）分析软件,结合SST k-ω湍流模型、离散相模型（DPM）和Oka冲蚀模型,仿真分析原始流道和5种不同扰流角度的扰流流道内磨粒流动力学特性。数值模拟结果表明：扰流流场中的磨粒流相较于原始流场在工件表面具有更大的湍流动能、动压力和冲蚀速率,其中扰流角度为30°时冲蚀均匀性较好。基于仿真条件搭建了磨粒流加工试验平台,使用原始流道和30°扰流流道分别进行了加工试验。试验结果表明：使用原始流道加工5 h后,工件表面曲率不同区域的表面粗糙度Ra值分散,加工效果均匀性较差;使用扰流流道加工5 h后,工件表面各区域表面粗糙度Ra的均匀性明显优于无扰流流场的加工均匀性。     

异形截面孔磨粒流精密加工质量分析

采用磨粒流精密加工技术对异形截面深孔进行数值模拟及实验研究,通过大涡模拟方法对钛合金异形截面孔零件进行数值分析,并进行相关实验研究以揭示磨粒流抛光异形曲面的表面创成机理。磨粒流精密加工数值分析揭示了磨粒流动态压力、速度、磨粒对壁面压力和壁面剪切力对壁面作用规律,获得了异形截面孔内流向截面的漩涡位置分布与漩涡产生原因以及漩涡与磨粒相互作用关系。经过磨粒流精密加工后,异形曲面的表面粗糙度由Ra=7.136 μm、Rz=40.103 μm减小到Ra=1.822 μm、Rz=8.964 μm,异形截面孔内表面凸起、球化现象去除,表面质量明显改善,漩涡使异形曲面的表面质量得到大幅改善。     

砂轮约束磨粒喷射加工外圆表面创成机理及三维形貌

磨粒喷射精密光整加工是重要零件在磨削后进行去除表面缺陷层、降低粗糙度和波纹度为目的光整加工新工艺。试验在MB1332A外圆磨床上完成,加工试样为表面粗糙度0.6 m左右的45钢。加工表面形貌和微观几何参数分别用扫描电子显微镜和Micromesvre2表面轮廓仪测量。应用自相关函数对磨削加工表面和光整加工表面进行分析,并研究材料去除机理和微观表面形貌的创成机理。在楔形区游离磨粒获得能量对工件进行抛磨、滑擦、和微切削是材料去除机理的核心因素,磨料流体侧向挤出是均化和降低表面波纹度的主要因素。试验结果表明,试样表面从连续的方向一致的沟槽被随机不连续的微坑所代替,表面粗糙度明显得到改善。随着加工循环的增加,工件表面的粗糙度值由0.6 m下降到0.2 m左右。此外,光整加工可以获得各向同性网纹交错的表面,表面轮廓的支撑长度率提高,对工件的耐磨性有利。     

超声磁力复合研磨钛合金锥孔的试验研究

为了提高钛合金锥孔的研磨质量和研磨效率,提出了采用超声波振动辅助磁力研磨的复合加工方案。加工时,磨粒在磁场束缚下切削锥孔表面,并对其进行不断撞击,且因为磁场力、超声振动力和离心力等综合影响的原因,磨粒的切削轨迹呈现明显的多向性。针对钛合金锥孔,与传统磁力研磨法进行试验对比,并分析研磨后试件的材料去除量、表面粗糙度和表面形貌等来验证超声磁力复合研磨的效果。结果表明：超声磁力复合研磨加工效率得到提高;锥孔的材料去除量增加至1.6倍;研磨后锥孔平均表面粗糙度由原始的R_a1.23 μm降至R_a0.25 μm,下降率是传统工艺的1.3倍;试件表面的微波峰、凹坑和加工纹理均被去除,锥孔表面质量得到显著提高,且试件形状精度得到改善。     

磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工技术

微机电系统(Micro electromechanical systems,MEMS)的快速发展与产品微型化的发展趋势对微细结构表面(包括微孔、微槽和微棱柱/锥等)的加工质量提出了更高的要求,为了提高微细结构表面的加工质量,提出一种磨粒辅助放电加工(Electrodischarge machining,EDM)与电化学加工(Electro chemical machining,ECM)复合加工新方法,通过建立微加工模型分析了该方法的加工机理,搭建了微加工试验平台,并进行了工艺参数优化研究,采用直径500μm和75μm的钨电极在SUS 304不锈钢上分别进行了微盲孔和微通孔加工试验研究,结果表明,在所用的EDM、EDM与ECM复合加工和磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工三种方法中,磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工方法获得的表面粗糙度(Ra15 nm)最高,因此该方法是微细结构表面高效和高质量加工的最佳方法之一。     

介电泳效应磨粒流抛光中的电极形态

针对薄壁陶瓷工件内表面抛光,提出一种基于介电泳效应的磨粒流抛光方法。将非均匀电场布置于陶瓷工件外表面,极化磨粒,实现陶瓷工件内表面高效抛光。仿真分析发现:电极间隙比为2时,SiC磨粒具有最好的介电泳效应,参与抛光的磨粒最多。陶瓷工件初始内表面粗糙度值Ra为(208±5)nm时,抛光10 h后,无介电泳效应的磨粒流抛光工件内表面粗糙度值Ra为51 nm,有介电泳效应的磨粒流抛光工件内表面粗糙度值Ra为23 nm。     

Abrasive waterjet machining simulation by SPH method

Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is a non-conventional process. The mechanism of material removing in AWJM for ductile materials and existing erosion models are reviewed in this paper. To overcome the difficulties of fluid–solid interaction and extra-large deformation problem using finite element method (FEM), the SPH-coupled FEM modeling for abrasive waterjet machining simulation is presented, in which the abrasive waterjet is modeled by SPH particles and the target material is modeled by FE. The two parts interact through contact algorithm. The creativity of this model is multi-materials SPH particles, which contain abrasive and water and mix together uniformly. To build the model, a randomized algorithm is proposed. The material model for the abrasive is first presented. Utilizing this model, abrasive waterjet penetrating the target materials with high velocity is simulated and the mechanism of erosion is depicted. The relationship between the depth of penetration and jet parameters, including water pressure and traverse speed, etc., are analyzed based on the simulation. The results agree with the experimental data well. It will be a benefit to understand the abrasive waterjet cutting mechanism and optimize the operating parameters.     

射流束切削时在边壁约束下的直径增大变形及加工表面质量研究

利用氯化钠晶粒射流切削生物骨材料时,射流束变形可能会导致骨材料切削断面产生预期之外的损伤,不利于生物组织的后期恢复。为探索射流束切削加工时在边壁约束下产生的变形,以及相应加工表面的质量特点,设计了磨料水射流切削可视化实验。使用高速摄影机拍摄磨料水射流加工过程,利用可视化手段观测射流束变形情况,并使用表面粗糙度Ra表征加工表面质量。研究发现,射流束在前端边壁与两侧边壁共同约束下存在沿切削进给方向的直径增大变形,该变形使加工表面粗糙度沿切深的减小幅度增大及出现频率增多。最后对表面粗糙度Ra沿切割深度的变化数据进行二次处理,提出了一种新的建立磨料水射流切削材料表面粗糙度预测模型的思路。     

A study on fine finishing of hard workpiece surfaces using fluidized elastic abrasives

Material removal and surface generation by erosion is the principle adopted in selected manufacturing processes like abrasive jet machining and abrasive water jet cutting. As the jet velocities involved in these processes are high, they are good for material removal. With low impinging velocities, it is possible to micro erode the surface of the workpiece to achieve good finish. To achieve low velocity impingement, abrasives could be fluidized and the target surface moved against them at the required velocities. This procedure has the limitation that fine abrasive particles are difficult or impossible to fluidize and this need to be addressed to achieve significant improvement in surface finish. For this fine abrasives could be embedded on a larger carrier particle of suitable size that is easy for fluidization. If this carrier is made of elastic material, impact erosion could further be reduced paving way for improved surface finish. In this paper, such abrasive-coated elastomeric spheres of average diameter 3 mm are termed as elastic abrasives. Based on mathematical modelling and experimental investigations, the influence of major process variables and optimal operating conditions has been arrived at. At optimum operating conditions, the surface roughness (Ra value) came down to 0.0267 μm from an initial value of 0.182 μm.     

Abrasive water and slurry jet micro-machining techniques for fabrication of molds containing raised free-standing micro-features

The demand for metallic micro-molds that can be used for inexpensive mass production of polymeric microfluidic chips is increasing. Existing manufacturing techniques such as soft-lithography and photolithography can require multiple time-consuming steps, especially when the aim is to create three-dimensional features. In this study, the feasibility of using abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) and abrasive slurry jet machining (ASJM) to fabricate such micro-molds in Al6061-T6 and SS316 was studied. Jet raster scans under various combinations of process parameters were used in order to machine micro-pockets containing free-standing structures, representing molds for casting microfluidic chips with channel networks. As expected, for both materials and using both ASJM and AWJM, the pocket roughness decreased as the distance between adjacent raster scans (step size) decreased, but the lowest waviness occurred at an intermediate step size. The best quality pockets were achieved on SS316 using ASJM with the intermediate step size and the highest possible slurry mass flow rate. Unmasked machining could not be used to fabricate molds with sharp-edged intersecting features, and a novel hybrid AWJM/ASJM masked machining technique was thus introduced. An undercut and an undesirable erosion near the edges of the mask formed if the position of the last raster scan closest to the mask was not carefully controlled. Possible reasons for these phenomena were discussed in terms of the likelihood of jet deflection off the machining kerf and mask, and the resulting erosion due to secondary slurry flow. By careful selection of the process parameters, it was demonstrated that high quality molds with both single and intersecting free-standing structures at multiple heights could be fabricated, thus making three-dimensional microfluidic chip mold fabrication feasible.