Microorganisms in landfill bioreactors for accelerated stabilization of solid wastes

Landfill bioreactors (LBRs) with management of leachate and biogas have presented numerous advantages such as accelerated stabilization of solid wastes, reduced amount of leachate, and in situ leachate treatment. Such advantages have minimized environmental risks, have allowed extension of the useful life of the landfill site, and have fostered cost reduction. LBRs of three types have been developed using both anaerobic and aerobic modes: anaerobic, aerobic, and hybrid. Microorganisms in landfills cause various reactions related with organic fractions and heavy metals. Such functions have been stimulated in LBRs by recirculation of leachate with or without aeration. To date, most studies of microorganisms in LBRs have analyzed bacteria and archaea based on 16S rRNA genes and have analyzed fungi based on 18S rRNA genes from a taxonomical viewpoint. Indicator genes for specific functions in LBRs such as nitrification, denitrification, and methane production have also been monitored. The population dynamics of microorganisms in LBRs have been partially clarified, but the obtained data remain limited because of highly heterogeneous features of solid wastes inside LBRs. Systematic monitoring of microorganisms should be established to improve LBR performance.     

人参皂甙和裉黑素分析的质量控制

为提高保健食品功效成分检验工作的水平,卫生部食品卫生监督检所组织全国22个保健食品功效成分检验实验室参加了人参皂甙和褪黑素测定的质量控制,对质量控制结果进行了评价。质控结果显示,“人参皂甙”试样的检验结果的离散程度比较大,3个浓度水平均出现了离群值。有6个测定结果在3倍标准偏差(     

与护肤功能相关的海洋多糖研究进展

海洋多糖是生物体内重要的生物大分子,重要的能量来源,而且具有多种多样的生物活性。应用在护肤品中保湿性能较好,还可以保护皮肤,延缓皮肤衰老。同时为优良的重金属解毒剂,对重金属离子有较好的螯合作用。对于极易侵染人皮肤的金黄色葡萄球菌和絮状表皮癣菌有极强的抗菌作用,对白色念珠菌和石膏样癣菌也有较强的抗菌作用,是一种对皮肤无毒、无刺激的优良的天然护肤品原料。      

显微镜法鉴别纤维的评述

在纺织纤维鉴别手册的基础上，补充了多种新型纤维的显微镜摄影照片和电子显微镜的照片。为更准确、方便地识别、鉴别纤维提供了标准。对于研究和应用各种纤维有重要的指导意义。     

人体工程学在卫浴间设计中的应用

人们在卫浴间的不同行为特征导致了卫浴空间具有不同的功能分区,而卫浴设施及使用空间的大小决定了卫浴间的空间布局。本文通过分析人们在卫浴间的不同行为特征和卫浴间各种设施尺寸,综合考虑卫生、健康和安全等因素,来研究人体工程学在卫浴间设计中的应用。     

食品工业直接利用外资的现状、问题及对策分析

本文以哈尔滨为例,对1993～2002十年间食品工业直接利用外资的相关统计数字进行综合分析,对全市58家食品外资企业的经营情况进行调研,指出食品工业利用外资的发展现状、存在的问题,并提出了发展策略。     

新型表面活性剂的表面张力和电导率性能研究

合成了三种孪连型阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂16-4-16,2Br-1、14-4-14,2Br-1、18-2-18,2Br-1,对三者的性能进行评定,分别通过表面张力和电导率测得临界胶束浓度(CMC)、表面活性剂在气-液界面的吸附量、单个分子的面积和胶束电离度α。结果表明:首先,相对于单头基单尾链的表面活性剂,三种孪连表面活性剂的表面活性更强,CMC值更低;其次,三种表面活性剂都有其各自的特性,16-4-16,2Br-1的粘弹性能较好,而14-4-14,2Br-1、18-2-18,2Br-1表面张力很低。实验表明,通过调节孪连表面活性剂联结基和疏水链的长度会对产品的性能有很大的影响。     

中国纺织服装企业IPO的现状与对策

近年来,国内的纺织服装企业纷纷上市,企业IPO可以帮助企业把渠道做强,品牌做大。本文从国际背景与国内背景两方面分析了纺织服装企业的IPO动力持续增加的原因,论述了纺织服装企业IPO的现状,并且提出了纺织服装企业IPO的对策。     

Deep Fat Frying Of Foods—Transport Phenomena

Many theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer during deep fat frying. This, in turn, has helped in understanding transport phenomena during frying and the relationships between thermal and physical properties of the products and the frying media. Most of the studies have focused on the determination of convective heat transfer coefficient and mechanisms of moisture and oil transfer. Mathematical models also have been developed to describe and predict the process. Many studies have adopted the assumptions used for the drying process for simplification. Recently, more realistic and sophisticated models have been introduced.     

Deep Fat Frying Of Foods—Transport Phenomena

Many theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer during deep fat frying. This, in turn, has helped in understanding transport phenomena during frying and the relationships between thermal and physical properties of the products and the frying media. Most of the studies have focused on the determination of convective heat transfer coefficient and mechanisms of moisture and oil transfer. Mathematical models also have been developed to describe and predict the process. Many studies have adopted the assumptions used for the drying process for simplification. Recently, more realistic and sophisticated models have been introduced.     

钢帘线生产技术和检测技术的新发展

９０年代以来，钢帘线生产技术有了长足进步，检测技术也随之发展。钢帘线新结构、新品种层出不穷，刚度和强度大大提高，超高强度钢帘线单丝强度达３９００ＭＰａ；自动化水平和生产效率进一步提高，交流变频和ＰＬＣ技术已普遍应用，自动更换工字轮的水箱拉丝机已相当完善，热处理电镀生产线的ＤＶ值普遍提高到６０～７０，甚至更高；生产规模进一步扩大，万吨级以下的钢帘线厂难以生存。新版本的《轮胎钢帘线国际统一测试方法》中新增了有关钢帘线的术语、平直度、伸长率、弹性、镀层质量及成分等测试项目和方法。     

负载山奈酚的小麦醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

近年来,越来越多的研究证实血管病变的发生和发展与氧化应激密切相关,而山奈酚作为黄酮类化合物具有良好的抗氧化活性。本研究通过反溶剂法制备出的山奈酚-小麦醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒的粒径在200 nm左右,粒子均一,使用去离子水复溶后仍然具有良好的分散性并在28天的时间里保持其稳定性。傅里叶变换红外光谱的分析结果表明,山奈酚主要通过氢键、疏水作用以及静电作用与小麦醇溶蛋白相互结合。与游离的山奈酚相比,纳米粒子具有更好的生物相容性,在体外具有显著的抗氧化能力,可以显著地清除细胞内的活性氧。总体而言,山奈酚-小麦醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒具有良好的生物相容性,同时可以显著提高其抗氧化活性,这为山奈酚的临床应用提供了新的途径。     

Analysis of essential oils from chemotypes of Thymus vulgaris in Catalonia

Essential oils from aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris have been obtained by hydrodistillation. Their components have been identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Samples were collected in Catalonia (northeastern Iberian peninsula), specifically in four locations along the Llobregat river basin. Such locations have different altitudes with respect to sea level (1500 m; 700 m; 300 m; 100 m), and have differences in pluvial regime and mean temperature. At 700 m, samples were collected from a transplanted specimen from 1500 m, in order to check the influence of the change in environmental conditions. Two different chemotypes have been characterized. Samples collected at 300 m have a dominant chemotype 1,8‐cineole, with 20% (approx.) essential oil content. The other samples have linalool as dominant chemotype with a 40–70% content, according to vegetative stage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

从人体工学的角度分析领部在结构设计中的处理方法

分析了颈部基本形态及颈部运动对服装领部结构设计的影响，从人体工学的角度探讨了领部在领窝线、倾斜角、颈根与肩部相连的装领线和生理及运动宽松量等结构方面的处理方法，以及不同方法带来的不同效果。     

土工织物方兴未艾商机无限

土工织物因其良好的性能而具有过滤、排水、加筋、隔离、保护和防渗六大功能 ,用于工程建设中有造价低、效果好的优点 ,是继钢材、水泥、木材之后的第四种新型建筑材料。 1998年我国发生特大洪灾以后 ,加大了推广应用的力度 ,土工织物的开发与生产重点转向宽幅、系列化、合成型和复合型 ,具有极其广阔的发展前景。     

黄烷醇类化合物抗氧化性的构效关系研究

本文采用分子力学和量子化学从头计算方法，系统地计算了阿福豆素、儿茶素和培儿茶素等三种黄烷醇类化合物的能量与电子结构，讨论了黄烷醇类化合物各种立体异构体的结构稳定性和酚羟基反应活性问题。另外计算了黄烷醇类化合物在脱氢氧化反应过程中生成自由基和类醌化合物的能量变化和电子结构的变化，根据计算结果阐明了黄烷醇类化合物抗氧化性顺序，并从能量和电子结构的角度给予了理论解释。     

Alkaloids in food: a review of toxicity,analytical methods,occurrence and risk assessments

Food Science and Biotechnology - Alkaloids have been utilized by humans for years. They have diverse applications in pharmaceuticals. They have been proven to be effective in treating a number of...     

三原色染料的光谱分析

本文采用分光光度法分析CIBA—GEIGY公司的三原色染料之光谱特性,以及相互配合成不同颜色的光谱吸收特性.结果表明这些染料颜色纯度高、副色少,配合染料亦呈现较理想的吸收光谱,且为其原色染料的吸收值的加和.通过对皮革的染色试验证实这三种三原色染料具有非常相似的渗透率和上染率.     

纺织品整理应用技术现状及发展(I)

本文对纺织品整理应用技术进行了综述,介绍了表面处理技术、化学功能整理技术、羊毛功能整理技术、丝绸功能整理技术、复合功能整理技术及相关测试方法,分析探讨了各种整理技术的优点及局限性。同时,对纳米、微波、超声波、微胶囊、等离子体等高新技术在纺织工业中的应用也做了简单的叙述。文章最后预测了整理技术的发展方向。     

从人体工学的角度分析领部在结构设计中的处理方法

分析了颈部基本形态及颈部运动对服装领部结构设计的影响,从人体工学的角度探讨了领部在领窝线、倾斜角、颈根与肩部相连的装领线和生理及运动宽松量等结构方面的处理方法,以及不同方法带来的不同效果。