基于均匀设计法的钛合金切削参数优化试验研究

为了探索汽轮机低压锁扣叶片钛合金的清洁切削加工规律,优化其切削参数,保证表面质量,提高切削效率,采用均匀设计方法设计了钛合金切削试验参数.分别在常温干式切削和低温冷风降温切削条件下,对切削力和表面粗糙度进行了试验研究,对试验数据进行多元线性回归分析,建立了适用于钛合金清洁加工的表面粗糙度和切削力多元线性回归模型,在此基...     

TB9钛合金超声辅助切削试验研究

钛合金作为航空紧固件的主要原材料,其加工性能直接决定了航空紧固件的服役性能,进而影响着航空装备的可靠性,改善钛合金的机械加工性能是提高航空紧固件的有效方法。文章以TB9高强钛合金为研究对象,主要对比传统切削加工和超声切削加工在主切削力、表面加工形貌以及刀具磨损特征等方面的不同,结果表明了与传统切削相比,超声切削有效降低了切削过程中的切削波动,并降低了加工中的切削力;同时超声切削引起的机械划痕深度降低了61.34%,且随着超声振幅的增加,TB9钛合金试样的表面加工质量显著提高、硬质合金刀具的氧化磨损程度降低。     

Inconel 718镍基高温合金车削切削力和切削温度分析

为探究切削参数对难加工材料Inconel 718镍基高温合金切削力和切削温度的影响规律,基于田口法对Inconel 718材料进行正交切削仿真试验,采用单因素分析方法、灰关联度分析方法对比分析切削三要素对切削力、切削温度的影响,研究结果为Inconel 718镍基高温合金高效切削加工提供理论支撑。     

无涂层硬质合金刀具车削钛合金Ti-6Al-4V实验研究

钛合金是航空航天工业中应用广泛的一种难加工材料。本文研究了无涂层硬质合金刀具干切削钛合金Ti-6Al-4V时切削力、表面粗糙度的变化规律，得到了切削深度、进给量、切削速度对切削力和表面粗糙度的影响规律。对切削力实验结果进行了回归分析得到了切削力的指数公式，并运用校正R^2拟合判定系数、累积概率图和残差图对回归模型进行了检验，检验结果表明：切削力的3个回归方程较好的拟合了实验所测的数据，钛合金切削过程中切削力近似满足指数关系。     

TC4钛合金切削刀具磨损对切削过程影响的研究

通过建立的钛合金切削加工仿真数值模型,研究了刀具磨损对钛合金切削过程中切削力、切削温度及切屑形态的影响规律,并对这些影响的产生机理进行了讨论。结果表明:随着磨损程度的增大,切削力及切削温度会迅速增加;月牙洼磨损会引起切削力的剧烈震荡且振幅随磨损的增大而增大,后刀面磨损将增大切削力;锯齿形切屑的变形程度在加大,但是锯齿产生的频率在降低。     

液氮低温切削钛合金实验研究

针对钛合金难加工特点,将液氮作为冷却介质直接喷向切削区进行钛合金TC4低温车削加工,测量其切削力、表面粗糙度和刀具磨损,并与干切削在相同实验条件下对比,分析低温切削对钛合金的影响。实验结果表明:低温切削钛合金,主切削力有所增大,但进给方向力减小,刀具磨损状况与表面质量得到改善,断屑相对容易。     

镍基高温合金斜角切削的仿真研究

针对难加工材料镍基高温合金切削力大以及难排屑等问题,在ABAQUS有限元分析软件中建立三维斜角仿真模型,模拟镍基高温合金的切削加工过程。研究斜角切削状态下镍基高温合金材料的去除机理和切屑形成,通过正交试验和单因素试验,分析在不同切削参数下流屑角以及三维切削力的变化情况。采用有限元分析方法对镍基高温合金的三维斜角切削过程进行仿真研究,降低了研究成本,为镍基高温合金高效切削加工提供了理论参考。     

基于无心车床主轴电机电流的钛合金切削力经验公式的实验研究

针对目前无心车床钛合金切削力计算公式推导的困难性和复杂性,通过测量主电机电流的实验方法来探索难加工材料钛合金的切削规律,打破了传统的测量切削力的实验平台,解决了传统方法中实验平台搭建过程的难题。同时以空心主轴电机电流为主要实验数据,结合切削深度以及进给速度等实验数据,在SPSS软件中进行线性回归分析,拟合出了切削力经验公式,验证了该经验公式在实际的加工中的指导意义,为进一步研究钛合金的切削机理奠定了研究基础。     

切削参数对高速切削钛合金刀具磨损的影响

钛合金具有抗腐蚀性、高耐热性以及比强度高等特点,广泛用于医疗化工、航天工业,然而由于其导热系数小、高温化学活性高,切削过程中刀具磨损严重、加工表面质量差等成为加工制造的难题。以Ti6A14V钛合金为研究对象,建立了切削力解析模型,分别选取PCD和TiAlN涂层刀具,通过单因素实验对比研究切削参数对两种刀具高速铣削Ti6Al4V的切削力变化规律,对刀具的磨损形态进行了分析,探究切削参数对高速切削钛合金刀具使用寿命的影响,试验表明:在相同切削条件下硬质合金PCD涂层刀具可有效提高刀具切削Ti6Al4V的使用寿命,该研究对提高国产刀具性能,实现钛合金的高速高效切削有着重要的现实意义。     

基于无心车床主轴电动机单元电流的钛合金切削力经验公式的试验研究

针对目前无心车床钛合金切削力计算公式推导的困难性和复杂性,通过测量主电动机电流的试验方法来探索难加工材料钛合金的切削规律,打破了传统的测量切削力的试验平台,解决了传统方法中试验平台搭建过程的难题。同时以空心主轴电动机电流为主要实验数据,结合切削深度以及进给速度等试验数据,在SPSS软件中进行线性回归分析,拟合出了切削力经验公式,验证了该经验公式在实际加工中的指导意义,为进一步研究钛合金的切削机理奠定了研究基础。     

Micro-end milling of NiTi biomedical alloys,burr formation and phase transformation

This paper focuses on burr formation in micro-end milling of two nickel–titanium shape memory alloys (SMA), an austenitic and a martensitic NiTi. Phase transformation during machining is also examined.     

Vibration cavitation behaviour of selected Ni-Mn-Ga alloys

Vibration cavitation erosion tests were carried out on Ni-Mn-Ga alloys of three different crystal structures: (1) the cubic austenite, (2) the non-modulated tetragonal martensite (T) and (3) the five-layered martensite (5M). All Ni-Mn-Ga alloys exhibited cavitation behaviour characterized by a step-wise curve of mass loss versus test time. This behaviour is correlated to the microstructural nature of the alloys as well as the surface conditions of the pre-test samples. The type and concentration of the defects at the surfaces were critical to the cavitation resistance of the alloys. The best cavitation resistant alloy was of a cubic austenitic structure, followed with the alloy of a tetragonal T-martensite. The largest material loss was found in the alloy with a 5M martensite. All the studied Ni-Mn-Ga alloys had an excellent cavitation resistance compared to that of the reference stainless steel, and they even excelled some NiTi alloys found in literature. This may be due to the superelasticity of the cubic austenite and the twinning of the martensitic phases.     

马氏体相变温度对NiTi形状记忆合金抗磨损性能的影响

为了弄清楚N iTi形状记忆合金相与磨损性能之间的关系以及合金的磨损特征,研究了6种N iTi合金在相同条件下马氏体相变温度对磨损量的影响。结果表明:合金在没有发生永久性损坏带来的磨损的情况下,热弹性马氏体的转变,马氏体片的重新取向、合并及阻尼效应都能提高合金适应大变形量的能力,所以在粘着磨损过程中,弹性变形就会累积;对于6种合金来说,抗磨损性能主要取决于Ms转变温度,N i原子的析出和合金的硬度对合金的抗磨损性能也有显著影响。     

Effect of Grain Boundary on the Wear Behaviour of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys When <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>f</Subscript> &lt; <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis> &lt; <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis><Subscript>f</Subscript>

Wear behaviour of NiTi SMA is closely corresponds to deformation mechanisms associated with different plastic strain accumulation process. Plastic strain accumulation is achieved by dislocation motion; however, grain boundary acts as a strong barrier. In this work, wear behaviour of single-crystalline and polycrystalline NiTi SMAs was studied to understand the effect of grain boundary on the plastic strain accumulation in the wear process. Wear tests were conducted at M_f < T < A_f, where phase boundary exists between martensitic and austenitic phases. Tests were conducted under ball-on-disc sliding wear mode, and alumina (Al₂O₃) counter-body was used. For single-crystalline NiTi SMA, transition wear occurred even when the applied load was relatively low (i.e., 100 mN). For polycrystalline NiTi SMA, with increasing applied load and wear cycles, the wear has shifted from near-zero wear stage to severe wear stage; no transition behaviour was observed. Significant differences in the wear process were discussed with respect to deformation mechanisms associated with dislocation motion in the single-crystalline and polycrystalline NiTi SMAs.     

OPTIMIZATION STUDIES ON HOLE-MAKING TOOLS FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE CUTTING AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Austenitic stainless steel is a kind of difficult-to-cut material utilized widely in various industry fields. Hole-making tools are the uppermost obstacle of high performance cutting, so the optimizations of tools are imperative. This paper presents respectively the optimal geometrical characteristics and corresponding coating for high performance cutting austenitic stainless steel. The appreciated cutting performance of optimized tools with optimized cutting parameters has also been evaluated completely through experiments. Optimized special drills with point angle 138° and helix angle 38° was decided and TiCN coating was selected as the best coating. However optimized taps had different geometry structures for tapping through holes and blind holes. The former adopted the spiral pointed tap with inclination angle 15 °. The latter was spiral fluted tap with helix angle 34°. In high-performance cutting austenitic stainless steel, the optimized cutting parameters of special drills are 16 m/min and 0.13 mm/rev. The research results will be of great benefit for the development and application of high efficient and precise drills and taps of high performance cutting austenitic stainless steel.     

The abrasive-corrosive wear of stainless steels

Laboratory abrasive and abrasive-corrosive testing has been carried out on a range of ferritic, austenitic and martensitic stainless steels and the results compared with the testing of similar materials in situ in the abrasivecorrosive conditions of a gold mine. All grades were found to have better abrasive-corrosive resistance than proprietary abrasion-resistant alloys.The austenitic grades derive their outstanding properties from their capacity to resist unstable fracture of microshear lips on the abraded surface. This is due to the strain capacity afforded by the mechanical inducement of the martensitic phase transformations and the high work-hardening characteristics of the transformation product. The influence of this transformation has been studied as a function of prior cold work and velocity of abrasion on a range of austenitic grades of stainless steels.Notwithstanding these advantages of the austenitic grades, the ferritic grades are superior in terms of cost per unit volume lost and the new duplex ferritic-martensitic steel designated 3CR12 has potential as an abrasionresisting material in corrosive environments.     

OPTIMIZATION STUDIES ON HOLE-MAKING TOOLS FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE CUTTING AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Austenitic stainless steel is a kind of difficult-to-cut material utilized widely in various industry fields. Hole-making tools are the uppermost obstacle of high performance cutting, so the optimizations of tools are imperative. This paper presents respectively the optimal geometrical characteristics and corresponding coating for high performance cutting austenitic stainless steel. The appreciated cutting performance of optimized tools with optimized cutting parameters has also been evaluated completely through experiments. Optimized special drills with point angle 138° and helix angle 38° was decided and TiCN coating was selected as the best coating. However optimized taps had different geometry structures for tapping through holes and blind holes. The former adopted the spiral pointed tap with inclination angle 15 °. The latter was spiral fluted tap with helix angle 34°. In high-performance cutting austenitic stainless steel, the optimized cutting parameters of special drills are 16 m/min and 0.13 mm/rev. The research results will be of great benefit for the development and application of high efficient and precise drills and taps of high performance cutting austenitic stainless steel.     

Machining of NiTi-shape memory alloys-A review

The emerging trends in the development of advanced smart materials with better unique properties under different environments for a particular application fascinate the researchers and industrialists. Nickel-Titanium based shape memory alloys are exotic materials due to their unique properties such as SME, SE, high damping characteristics, high corrosion and wear resistance and biocompatibility. This article presents an overview of machining processes that can be used to machine the NiTi and its surface induced characteristics such as microhardness, surface roughness, topography, induced layer, residual stress, fatigue and phase transformation. The surface integrity characteristics are discussed for machining of NiTi-SMAs under the category of traditional, non-traditional and micro-machining with the effect of input parameters such as cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, type of lubricant and type of coating material on cutting tool. The conventional machining of NiTi alloys are quite complicated due to high toughness, severe strain hardening, fatigue hardening and distinctive property of NiTi-SMAs such as pseudoelastic and shape memory effect. From this study, non-traditional process is significantly used to machine the NiTi-SMAs due to its better results on surface integrity characteristics. Consequently, future trends are also identified for machining the NiTi-SMAs and to improve the surface integrity characteristics.     

切削参数对车削2A14锻铝合金表面粗糙度影响的试验研究

通过正交试验得到车削2A14锻铝合金时的表面粗糙度Ra值;利用方差分析的方法研究了切削深度、主轴转速和进给量三个独立因素对Ra值影响的主次顺序,并获得最佳的切削参数组合。结果表明,进给量对Ra值的影响最大,其次是主轴转速,切削深度影响最小。     

Tribological Behavior of New Martensitic Stainless Steels Using Scratch and Dry Wear Test

This paper focuses on the tribological characterization of new martensitic stainless steels by two different tribological methods (scratch and dry wear tests) and their comparison to the austenitic standard stainless steel AISI 316L. The scratch test allows obtaining critical loads, scratch friction coefficients, scratch hardness and specific scratch wear rate, and the dry wear test to quantify wear volumes. The damage has been studied by ex situ scanning electron microscopy. Wear resistance was related to the hardness and the microstructure of the studied materials, where martensitic stainless steels exhibit higher scratch wear resistance than the austenitic one, but higher hardness of the martensitic alloys did not give better scratch resistance when comparing with themselves. It has been proved it is possible to evaluate the scratch wear resistance of bulk stainless steels using scratch test. The austenitic material presented lower wear volume than the martensitic ones after the dry wear test due to phase transformation and the hardening during sliding.