结构储电碳纤维复合材料研究进展

复合材料化是航空、航天、国防、交通等装备结构升级的重要趋势。碳纤维复合材料的力学性能优异,同时兼具良好的导电特性,可用于存储和释放电能,实现结构的承载和储/放电一体化,从而达到材料多功能化和结构轻量化。结构储电复合材料通常是采用碳纤维织物作为电极材料,采用具有结构承载和离子导电的多功能聚合物基体为固态电解质,玻璃纤维织物等作为隔膜材料。本文主要对典型结构储电复合材料进行综述,包括结构电池、结构介电电容器和结构超级电容器,详细阐述了三种结构储电复合材料的组分材料、器件工作原理及多功能特性等。通过对比三种结构储电复合材料,概括了结构储电复合材料所面临的问题和挑战,提出了结构储电复合材料的发展趋势。      

碳纤维复合材料结构超级电容器的研究及展望

近年来,开发新型可再生能源与储能设备成为各国竞相研究的重点。在新型储能设备中,结构/储能一体化碳纤维复合材料结构超级电容器兼具结构承载和储能功能,在新能源汽车、航空航天、国防军工等领域具有广泛的应用前景,因而受到人们的广泛关注。主要概述了结构/储能一体化碳纤维复合材料结构超级电容器的基本原理和制备方法,分析了不同碳纤维电极与树脂基电解质改性方法对复合材料结构超级电容器性能的影响,并展望了复合材料结构超级电容器未来面临的挑战及发展趋势。     

光纤埋人碳纤维复合材料结构的实验研究

介绍了保偏光纤埋人碳纤维复合材料结构后光学性能的变化，将光纤埋人碳纤维复合材料结构时遇到的一些问题及为提高光纤成活率所采取的措施等的实验研究结果。     

航空结构复合材料对碳纤维的需求

根据航空用结构复合材料的特点，论述了对碳纤维的需求，着重介绍了飞机用碳纤维的发展，指出用于结构复合材料的碳纤维要求质量稳定、分散性小、工艺性好、价格便宜、品种多、大、小丝束都应发展，在开发高性能碳纤维时，应注意解决使用中的问题。     

竹基碳纤维/MoS2锂离子电池负极材料

随着电子产品、电动汽车以及智能电网的快速发展,不仅需要锂离子电池(LIBs)具有优异的储锂性能,而且要求电极材料成本低廉、资源丰富和绿色环保。基于碳负极材料的优点,将废弃的一次性竹筷,在碱性溶液中经过可控的热处理,利用竹子中丰富的天然纤维素,从而获得尺寸均匀的碳纤维(CFs)材料。相比于石墨电极,竹基CFs作为LIBs的负极材料时表现出优异的电化学性能。为进一步提高其储锂性能,以CFs为骨架,通过水热法在其表面制备了一层二硫化钼(MoS₂)纳米花,形成核壳结构的CFs/MoS₂复合电极材料。电化学测试结果表明,CFs电极在200 mA/g的电流密度下循环500次,放电比容量仍有381.1 mA·h/g;CFs/MoS₂复合材料在1 000 mA/g的大电流密度下经过1 000次循环,仍保持有843 mA·h/g的放电比容量。     

碳纤维复合材料

最近,碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)从大型客机的二次构造材发展到一次构造材,这一重要进展是多年来碳纤维在强度和弹性模量方面不断改进,母体树脂以及复合工艺的进一步完善的基础上出现的。一次构造材要求CFRP具有更高的强度和弹性模量,而且要有优良的耐冲击性。满足了这些要求,表明CFRP已达到一个新的里程碑。简单地评介了碳纤维、母体树脂及其复合工艺、CFRP的应用前景。     

碳纤维复合材料应用研究发展趋势

碳纤维复合材料是60年代发展起来的一类轻质高性能新型材料。它是以碳(石墨)纤维作增强体,以树脂、金属、陶瓷或碳等为基体复合而成的材料。由于它具有比重轻、比强度高、比刚度大、热膨胀系数小、尺寸稳定性好、耐腐蚀、耐摩擦、抗疲劳及可设     

碳纤维及其复合材料会议

概况碳纤维及其复合材料会议于1988年7月18日至7月21日在美国Buffalo举行,共4天。Buffalo在美国东北部位于Erie湖东侧,靠近旅游胜地Niagara瀑布,是纽约州第二大城市。会场设在纽约州立大学Buffalo分校,宏大的校园里分布着许多建筑,各楼不是以学科名或学部名命名而是称为KNOX HALL,CAPEN HALL,BE-     

碳纤维复合材料导热系数研究

本文提出碳纤维复合材料X、Y、Z三方向的试样制备方法以及试验方法,并对不同树脂、铺层、纤维体积含量等对碳纤维复合材料的导热系数的影响程度作出初步的结论。     

碳纤维增强铝复合材料的界面微观结构

利用透射电镜（TEM）对超声浸渗制备的碳纤维（T300及M40J）增强铝复合丝及液矸渗法制备的碳纤维增强铝复合板材的界面微观结构进行了分析,结果表明,超声浸渗法制备的复合丝有明显的界面反应产物,T300／Al的反应程度比M40J／A1高。液相压渗法制备的复合材料界面反应不明显,表明该工艺可避免不利的界面反应发生。     

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料屏蔽性能的研究

现代电子技术的迅速发展不可避免地带来了电磁辐射所造成的环境污染.选择合适的屏蔽材料,利用其反射、吸收、多层反射等功能是消除电磁污染的有效手段.碳纤维除具有高弹性、高模量、低密度、耐腐蚀等优良性能被当作许多复合材料的增强体外,还具有良好的导电性,将其加入到水泥基体中制成碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC),不仅使水泥自身力学性能得到改善,而且可作为防止电磁辐射或核辐射的优良屏蔽体.     

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的压阻效应

试验研究了短切碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的压阻效应, 获得了正、负两种压阻效应相互转换的全过程。从隧道效应和孔隙的连通性角度对该现象的产生机理进行了探讨。结果表明, 在连续烘干和单向循环加载条件下, CFRC的压阻效应会随含水量变化而发生改变。多数情况下, CFRC的体积电阻率随压应变单调减少, 压阻效应为正。含水量越少, 正压阻效应越明显。当含水量减少到约3.19%~4.04%的范围时, CFRC的体积电阻率随压应变单调增加, 压阻效应为负。与正压阻效应相比, 负压阻效应表现更强。CFRC的正、负压阻效应及其相互转换是隧道效应和孔隙连通性两方面相互影响的必然结果。      

Properties of chopped carbon fiber reinforced carbon foam composites

A novel kind of carbon foam reinforced carbon-carbon composite with high density and mechanical properties was produced by densifying carbon foam preforms enhanced by chopped carbon fibers. The mechanical properties and densification efficiency of this composite could be improved by adding of fibers. The highest density of this composite could reach 1.5 g/cm³. The compressive strength increased by 38.9%, 66.7% and 29.4% when the additive amount of chopped fibers was 1%, 3% and 5% (wt.%) respectively. SEM observation showed that when the additive amount of fibers reached 5%, micro-cracks appeared in carbon foam preforms and resulted in the decrease in compressive strength of composite no. 4.     

Percolation backbone structure analysis in electrically conductive carbon fiber reinforced cement composites

A simple model was presented to quantitatively calculate the backbone density of carbon fillers in carbon/cement composites. In this model, a “structure factor”, κ, defined as a function of the aspect ratio of the carbon filler, was first introduced to calculate the backbone density. To obtain the actual backbone density, carbon fiber (CF) reinforced cement composites with different CF concentrations were prepared and their DC electrical conductivities were measured. It was found that, when the CF concentration slightly exceeded the percolation threshold, the electrically conductive critical exponent was neither a universal value nor a constant that increases with the CF concentration. The results also indicated that the backbone density of the CF decreased with increasing CF concentration. The mechanisms of backbone structure evolution with increasing CF concentration were presented. The experimental results showed that near the percolation threshold the backbone density is approximately 0.15, which agrees well with the simulation results.     

Kenaf fiber reinforced composites: A review

The development of high-performance engineering products made from natural resources is increasing worldwide, due to renewable and environmental issues. Among the many different types of natural resources, kenaf plants have been extensively exploited over the past few years. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the developments made in the area of kenaf fiber reinforced composites, in terms of their market, manufacturing methods, and overall properties. Several critical issues and suggestions for future work are discussed, which underscore the roles of material scientists and manufacturing engineers, for the bright future of this new “green” material through value addition to enhance its use.     

Mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites

The purpose of this work is to compare tensile, compressive and interlaminar shear properties of different carbon reinforcement/polyamide composites obtained by interfacial polymerization and hot compression molding techniques. Two types of composite matrices were studied: polyamide 6 and polyamide 6/6, both reinforced by fabric and unidirectional carbon fibers. The effects of the fiber volume fraction and the matrix on mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile, interlaminar shear and compressive tests. In general, the results have shown a slight increase of the composite elastic modulus, tensile and compressive strength with the increase of carbon fiber content. The microscopic damage development within selected composites during the loading has been observed through optical and scanning electron microscope techniques and has shown that shear failure at the fiber/matrix interface has been mostly responsible for damage development, initiated at relatively low stress.     

碳纤维增强树脂复合材料细观蠕变性能

碳纤维增强树脂复合材料以其优异的性能,在各领域得到广泛应用。由于树脂基体具有黏弹性,使其合成的复合材料也表现出黏弹性行为。蠕变是材料黏弹性行为中最典型的一类现象,因此对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料细观蠕变性能的研究具有重要意义。室温下利用纳米压痕技术对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料中的基体、界面及纤维相在不同峰值载荷下的细观蠕变行为进行分析。结果表明:在相同的蠕变时间下,最大载荷为2 mN和10 mN的纤维蠕变位移约为基体蠕变位移的1/3和1/2,界面的蠕变位移介于两者之间;稳态蠕变阶段的蠕变速率小于0.1%;基体、界面、纤维的蠕变应力指数分别为3.6、2.9和2.1。同时根据Kelvin-Voigt模型得到了基体、界面及纤维的第一、第二复数模量、黏度系数及蠕变柔量。      

碳纤维增强复合材料的摩擦学研究进展

综述了碳纤维增强聚合物基、金属基、碳基等复合材料的研究和发展,分析了碳纤维的含量、碳纤维方向、纤维混杂、碳纤维的表面处理以及环境温度等因素对增强复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,并提出了今后需进一步深入研究的问题.     

A short review on basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites

A recent increase in the use of ecofriendly, natural fibers as reinforcement for the fabrication of lightweight, low cost polymer composites can be seen globally. One such material of interest currently being extensively used is basalt fiber, which is cost-effective and offers exceptional properties over glass fibers. The prominent advantages of these composites include high specific mechano-physico-chemical properties, biodegradability, and non-abrasive qualities to name a few. This article presents a short review on basalt fibers used as a reinforcement material for composites and discusses them as an alternative to the use of glass fibers. The paper also discusses the basics of basalt chemistry and its classification. Apart from this, an attempt to showcase the increasing trend in research publications and activity in the area of basalt fibers is also covered. Further sections discuss the improvement in mechanical, thermal and chemical resistant properties achieved for applications in specific industries.