基于数字全息和离散余弦变换的数字水印技术

提出了一种基于数字菲涅耳全息和离散余弦变换的数字水印技术.利用全息技术得到原始水印图像的菲涅耳全息图,之后将其嵌入宿主图像离散余弦变换域的中频系数,将水印添加位置和光学系统的几何结构参数作为恢复水印信息的密钥,并且算法属"盲数字水印技术",从而该算法具有较好的安全性和实用性.对算法的测试结果也表明,该算法对噪声,滤波、剪切,旋转、有损压缩等常见的图像处理操作具有较高的稳健性.因此,该算法具有一定的实用价值.     

Image watermarking by use of digital holography embedded in the discrete-cosine-transform domain

Digital holography techniques can be utilized to implement image watermarking schemes. In a previous method proposed by Takai and Mifune [Appl. Opt. 41,865 (2002)], a watermark image is transformed into a digital Fourier hologram, which then is directly superposed onto a content image to perform the embedding process. In the detection stage, the watermark is extracted based on the inverse Fourier transform and optical holography techniques. A method in which the hologram is superposed on the discrete-cosine-transform domain of the content image is proposed to significantly improve Takai and Mifune's method. The proposed method can greatly reduce the degradation on the superposed image, which is the major drawback in Takai and Mifune's method. Simulation results also demonstrate that the watermark can be successfully extracted under different kinds of attack.     

基于全息水印印刷防伪的半色调算法

分析了数字全息水印技术和数字图像半色调技术中的调幅半色调、调频半色调和AM/FM混合半色调3类主要技术的优势。探讨了将数字全息水印和数字图像半色调化技术紧密结合起来的数字全息水印防伪技术,并介绍了其原理、特点及应用。     

基于CMYK颜色空间的光全息水印算法研究

在印刷CMYK颜色空间、傅里叶全息加密和数字水印理论的基础上,提出了基于CMYK颜色空间的光全息水印算法。该算法不用转换颜色空间,避免了未印刷就人为导致水印信息的丢失,提高了重建水印的相似度;解密时,由于傅里叶变换的特性,重建水印的共轭图像与原水印图像互相叠加,增强了重建水印的清晰度。实验结果表明,该算法有较好的不可见性和较强鲁棒性,可以抵抗一般图像处理等操作。     

改进的基于 QR 码的数字全息水印

目的提出改进的基于快速响应矩阵码(QR码)的数字全息水印。方法利用加密傅里叶全息技术对QR码进行加密并生成全息图,在标准颜色空间下,抽取彩色载体图像的L分量进行二级小波分解,将全息图嵌入到其分解后的低频系数中,以实现水印信息的隐藏。为提高QR码译码成功率,对提取后的水印进行十字型中值滤波处理。结论 QR码水印能够保存完整的水印信息,比普通图像水印鲁棒性强,且相比于其他基于QR码的数字全息水印算法具有更强的鲁棒性。     

一种抗任意角度旋转的全息水印算法

目的针对目前数字水印在抗旋转攻击方面鲁棒性较差等问题,提出一种基于DWT变换和仿射变换的抗任意角度旋转的数字全息水印算法。方法首先对数字水印进行全息加密,保证水印的安全性;结合DWT变换,将水印信息嵌入载体图像;然后通过仿射变换实现图像的角度校正,进而实现抗任意角度旋转攻击及其他常见攻击。结果水印在受到各种攻击后,仍能被有效提取,尤其是抗任意角度旋转攻击,NC值均大于0.6。结论提出的算法对任意角度旋转攻击有较强的鲁棒性,可以有效地从含水印的图像中提取水印信息,保证了水印的安全性和有效性。     

一种新的彩色图像变换域全息水印算法

提出了一种变换域中改善全息水印抗几何攻击和滤波攻击性能的彩色图像全息水印算法。 取彩色 RGB载体图像的蓝色通道,分块后做一级小波分解转换到变换域,取低频子带,然后进行奇异值分解嵌入数字全息水印。 实验结果表明:该算法水印隐蔽性好,重建的水印与原始水印相似度高;算法鲁棒性强,可以抵抗常见的各种攻击,尤其改善了全息水印的抗几何攻击和滤波攻击性能,满足了数字防伪、版权保护的需要。     

一种基于 Contourlet 变换的彩色图像全息水印算法

提出了一种结合了全息水印加密技术和 Contourlet 变换技术的彩色图像水印算法。 算法首先将 RGB 模式的水印载体图像转换至 YCrCb 颜色空间,选取亮度分量作为水印载体通道,对其进行多层 Contourlet 分解,得到细节子带图像;而后对二值水印图像进行傅里叶全息加密,将加密后的图像嵌入至载体图像的 Contourlet变换系数中。 仿真实验结果表明,该水印算法具有良好的不可见性,对于常见的几何变换及多种攻击具有良好的鲁棒性。     

一种抗印刷-扫描倾斜失真的数字水印算法

设计了一种用于彩色印刷防伪图像的基于博奇编码的傅里叶计算全息数字水印方法。通过印刷-扫描实验,研究了扫描过程图像倾斜角度与提取的水印质量之间的关系。实验表明:该水印算法对印刷、扫描过程中的倾斜攻击等具有很好的鲁棒性,能满足彩色印刷图像的防伪要求;且倾斜角度越小( <15°),对水印质量的影响越小,倾斜角度为45°时提取的水印质量相对于其他倾斜角度下提取的水印质量略好。     

一种强鲁棒性的彩色图像数字水印技术

目的提出了一种彩色图像数字水印技术,解决数字水印在大数据量水印、不可见性和鲁棒性之间的关系。方法该算法对彩色QR码水印和彩色载体图像分别进行RGB三通道分解,彩色水印单通图像进行混沌加密;对彩色载体单通道图像进行Contourlet变换;按对应通道将水印嵌入到载体图像低频经奇异值分解后的对角矩阵。结果该算法在水印嵌入和提取仿真实验结果为PSNR50 d B;鲁棒性仿真实验结果表明,该算法在抵抗任意旋转攻击和基本图像处理操作的攻击下,提取出来的彩色QR码颜色未失真,并且均能够成功解码和自动识别。结论该算法具有较强的鲁棒性和较好的不可见性,能够很好地将彩色水印嵌入彩色图像,可应用到实际的数字版权保护中。     

Quantization index modulation-based image watermarking using digital holography

We propose a blind watermarking method where the watermark is a hologram itself. In the proposed approach, the quantized phase of the hologram is embedded into the wavelet-transformed host image using quantization index modulation. In the detection stage, wavelet transform of the watermarked image followed by a minimum distance decoder is used. The proposed method is blind since it requires only information about the quantizers and the parameters of the hologram recording process. The robustness of the proposed technique is tested against several attacks such as filtering, compression, occlusion, and cropping. Moreover, we discuss the effect of quantization of the hologram on the reconstruction quality.     

窄色域抗打印扫描全息水印算法

目的为了提升水印抗打印扫描攻击的鲁棒性,提出一种窄色域抗打印扫描全息水印算法。方法制作打印机的ICC特性文件,应用特性文件转换宿主图像到CMYK颜色模式,从而获得适应该设备的窄色域,将制成全息图的水印嵌入到宿主图像的DWT域内。结果实验表明,该算法经历打印扫描后可顺利提取水印,且打印扫描后获得的水印图像保真度较高。与在RGB颜色模式中嵌入水印相比,该算法水印的鲁棒性和宿主图像的保真度均具有明显优势;相较于嵌入水印到默认转换的CMYK颜色模式,鲁棒性相当,该算法宿主图像的保真度具有明显优势。结论该窄色域算法可提升打印扫描过程中颜色传递的一致性,结合全息图不可撕毁的优势权衡了鲁棒性与保真度的关系,该算法有益于数字水印在防伪印刷领域的应用。     

Digital watermarking based on fractal image coding

Abstract

With advances in computer network and multimedia technology, digital media are rapidly proliferating, and thus the issue of copyright protection for electronic publishing is receiving great attention. To achieve the goal of copyright protection, the digital watermarks are used to identify the owner of a certain image, so as to prevent illegal copying. Digital watermarking is the technique that embeds an invisible signal including owner identification and copy control information into multimedia data such as audio, video, and images. A new digital watermark approach based on fractal image coding is proposed in this paper. We present a way to use the fractal code as a means of embedding a watermark into image. The proposed approach has been shown to be resistant to general attacks, like StirMark. Moreover, someone who owns the decryption key can simply extract the digital watermark from the watermarked image without resorting to the original image.     

加网参数与水印抗印刷攻击性能研究

目的 为实现数字水印技术由数字版权保护到印刷品防伪领域的移植应用,考察水印对不同加网线数、网线角度的鲁棒性和不可见性。方法 以DWT域全息水印算法为例,将水印图像制成全息图后,嵌入到宿主图像C、M、Y或K通道的DWT域,获得含水印图像,对含水印图像进行不同加网线数、网线角度的模拟加网实验。结果 实验表明,加网后水印的鲁棒性和不可见性随加网线数提升而提升,可接受的最低加网线数为120 lpi。相同加网线数条件下,网线角度为45°时,提取的水印质量较0°、15°和75°偏低。结论 45°加网角度虽然适合单色印刷,但是对水印造成的攻击也最为显著,因此应规避加网角度为45°的颜色通道作为水印嵌入位置。     

Extended focused imaging for digital holograms of macroscopic three-dimensional objects

When a digital hologram is reconstructed, only points located at the reconstruction distance are in focus. We have developed a novel technique for creating an in-focus image of the macroscopic objects encoded in a digital hologram. This extended focused image is created by combining numerical reconstructions with depth information extracted by using our depth-from-focus algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first technique that creates extended focused images of digital holograms encoding macroscopic objects. We present results for digital holograms containing low- and high-contrast macroscopic objects.     

基于拉普拉斯金字塔的数字水印防伪技术

目的为了提高数字水印的不可见性,运用拉普拉斯金字塔对原始图像进行拉普拉斯分解后使用DCT变换将水印嵌入其拉普拉斯残差图像的中高频。方法对原始图像的Y通道灰度图像进行多层拉普拉斯分解后得到第2层拉普拉斯残差图像,然后通过余弦变换将水印图像嵌入原始图像第2层拉普拉斯残差图像,最后将所有拉普拉斯残差图重建为含水印图像。结果嵌入水印图像的PSNR能够达到40.3 d B,在图像细节上有少许多噪声,并且对一定的图像攻击具有鲁棒性。结论该算法能够改善数字水印技术的不可见性。     

基于自毁式数字水印的信息隐藏通信技术

目的为了提高信息隐藏通信技术的安全性,提出一种自毁式数字水印隐藏通信技术,即使非法者截获信息的载体也无法获得信息内容。方法将生成的含水印信息的图像分切成图像碎片以此破坏内嵌的水印信息,使水印信息无法从单个的图像碎片中提取,必须经过图像碎片拼接算法合成原始含水印图像后才能提取水印信息。结果通过实验仿真分析,对于大小为32×32像素的8×8个图像碎片,复原的含水印图像无任何图像碎片拼接错位,拼接平均耗时为1.59 s,因此能实现实时在线拼接复原并顺利提取出水印信息。结论从信息的嵌入到最后信息的提取都能顺利地隐藏信息的内容和信息的存在,信息传递过程中信息的安全性能好,因此,自毁式数字水印信息隐藏通信技术是一种可行性极高的信息隐藏通信技术。     

数字全息水印在印刷半色调图像中的应用

在印刷半色调图像中嵌入特定信息可用于印刷品的保护和认证。设计了一种新颖的应用于非数字形式印刷半色调图像中的信息隐藏算法,将原始水印信息制成菲涅耳全息图,以此作为水印信息,利用离散小波变换算法嵌入到宿主图像中,以实现信息隐藏。该算法利用全息图独特的不可撕毁性来增强水印的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,该算法对图像半色调化攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

变换域加密全息水印算法

提出了一种基于DCT-DWT的彩色图像全息水印算法。为了保证水印信息的安全性,该算法首先对水印信息进行双随机相位调制,并生成水印全息图;其次,将载体图像在Lab空间内的L分量进行4×4分块,对每一分块进行DCT变换,抽取每个矩阵的中低频系数,组成一个新的矩阵,并对之进行小波分解,将水印全息图嵌入到它的中低频小波系数上。实验结果表明,基于DCT-DWT变换的水印算法具有较好的不可见性,对常见的攻击具有强鲁棒性。     

Robust image watermarking scheme against geometric attacks using a computer-generated hologram

Robustness against geometric attacks is one of the most important issues in digital watermarking. A novel geometric robust watermarking scheme that uses computer-generated holograms as the watermark is presented. To maintain imperceptibility and robustness, a quantization embedding algorithm is adopted to embed the mark hologram into the low-frequency subband of the wavelet-transformed host image. In the detection process, the geometric distorted watermarked images are recovered first by the proposed improved geometric correction method, which is based on the scale invariant feature transform, the invariant centroid, and the pulse coupled neural network. Then the mark holograms are extracted from the recovered images. In comparison with the traditional geometric estimation method, the suggested improved geometric correction method can estimate the geometric distortion parameters more accurately and needs less auxiliary information. Compared with other watermark schemes using digital holograms, the proposed method has the distinct advantage of robustness to geometric attacks. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has good robustness to resist geometric attacks and common attacks including rotation, scaling, translation, image flipping, combined attacks, filtering, occlusion, cropping, and JPEG compression.