MSA镀液带出回收系统对电镀锡液消耗的影响

甲基磺酸(MSA)盐镀锡是近年来出现的高速镀锡新电技术,与目前国内主流的苯酚磺酸(PSA)体系相比具有无可比拟的优越性,是未来电镀锡镀液发展的趋势.MSA镀液由化学品和主原料锡组成,为降低MSA镀液的使用成本,生产过程中要进行镀液的带出回收.针对国内MSA镀液消耗高的问题,以国内一电镀锡机组MSA镀液带出回收系统为例,介绍目前MSA镀液带出回收系统存在的普遍问题,并提出镀液带出回收系统回收效率提升优化两个方案.根据镀液带出回收系统的现状,选取方案二作为镀液带出回收效率提升改造方案.     

甲基磺酸镀锡工艺的研究与应用

甲基磺酸(MSA)锡镀液由于其优良的环保和电镀性能,近年来在全球镀锡板生产线的应用得到了快速发展。宝钢开发出的基于新型MSA锡镀液的新一代MSA镀锡工艺体系克服了早期MSA镀锡工艺应用于不溶性阳极镀锡线存在的锡镀液稳定性不佳和锡泥量高的缺点,并成功应用于梅钢镀锡线。与传统的苯酚磺酸(PSA)锡镀液相比,新型MSA锡镀液除具有明显的环保优势以外,还有电镀工艺操作窗口宽、稳定性好、锡泥量低等优点,使用基于新型MSA锡镀液的镀锡工艺体系所生产镀锡板产品质量可与PSA镀锡工艺生产的镀锡板产品质量相媲美。     

镀锡甲基磺酸镀液添加剂生产应用研究

在电镀锡甲基磺酸(MSA)镀液体系中,添加剂是核心组成部分,它影响晶粒的成核,起到光亮镀层、细化晶粒的作用。生产应用中,添加剂体积浓度的选择是非常重要的,其影响镀锡产品的质量和生产成本。通过MSA镀液的静态赫尔槽试验、镀液电化学测试及表面张力测试研究添加剂体积浓度对镀液性能的影响。通过旋转阴极模拟镀锡试验,扫描电镜表面形貌及元素成分分析研究添加剂体积浓度对镀层质量的影响,该研究为生产中选择合理的添加剂体积浓度提供依据。     

甲基磺酸体系电镀锡及锡合金研究现状

对比了几种电镀锡体系的优缺点,介绍了甲基磺酸(MSA)体系电镀的镀液及镀层的特点,分析了甲基磺酸体系镀液稳定的原因。展望了甲基磺酸盐镀锡的发展前景。     

甲基磺酸电镀液的降解性能评价

  甲基磺酸锡（MSA）镀液作为一种环保型的镀液体系,在世界范围内呈加速发展趋势,但是很少有研究关注电镀锡过程中产生的MSA废液的有机物含量及其降解性能。对MSA废液中的污染物进行了分析,研究了MSA的化学降解性能和生物降解性能。研究结果表明：MSA的化学氧化性能较差,化学氧化工艺并不适用于MSA废液的处理;按照OECD对有机物生物降解性能的评价标准,MSA属于易生物降解有机物,在24天内可以完全降解。     

MSA工艺在梅钢电镀锡生产中的应用实践

梅钢电镀锡机组采用了目前世界上最新的MSA环保镀液体系,是世界上第一条MSA环保镀液与氧化铱不溶性阳极结合的电镀锡生产线.为满足产线连续运行,机组配备了离线制锡系统、镀液在线蒸发回收系统等.分析可溶性阳极和氧化铱不溶性阳极在MSA镀液中的应用差异,特别是不同应用环境中产生的差异化缺陷.重点介绍了梅钢镀锡生产线上的典型缺陷如酸斑、不润湿、低电流密度缺陷、高电流密度缺陷产生及消除方法.     

甲基磺酸盐在可焊性锡及锡基合金镀层中的应用

由于MSA体系在环保、镀液稳定方面的优势，近10年来在印制板电镀与精饰、电子元件、线材和带材镀锡铅合金等电化学领域得到了广泛的应用，已逐步替代了传统的氟硼酸镀液。文章介绍了甲基磺酸盐镀液体系在锡及可焊性锡合金镀层中的一些应用与特点。     

MSA镀锡添加剂性能高速电镀模拟评价方法

为评价MSA镀锡添加剂的性能,通过WBDX-01全自动高速电镀模拟设备,得到了A、B两种镀锡添加剂在最优MSA镀液配方下的1.1 g/m2锡量的镀锡板,采用电化学计时电位、SEM和孔隙率等方法,研究了镀层均匀性、镀层形貌和孔隙率。结果表明,在电流密度为10~20 A/dm2范围内,A镀液的1.1 g/m2锡镀层形貌和均匀性要优于B镀液镀层,且A镀液镀层与B相比,晶粒尺寸细小且晶核较多,镀层的孔隙率值小,故A镀液添加剂的性能优于B镀液添加剂。     

Ag包覆ACR微球的制备及性能

采用盐基胶体钯和硝酸银活化工艺,以甲醛为还原剂,在丙烯酸酯类共聚物(ACR)微球表面化学镀银。利用电化学工作站研究pH值对镀液稳定性的影响,并通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合粉体进行表面形貌、成分以及分布进行研究与分析。结果表明:pH值为12.9的镀液表现出较强的极化作用和稳定性,盐基胶体钯对ACR微球的活化效果优于硝酸银的相应活化效果,镀液中AgNO3浓度升高有助于Ag的析出,选用AgNO3浓度为15 g/L的镀液,可以制得镀层包覆完整、均匀、致密的银包覆ACR微球复合粉体。     

印制电路板孔金属化相关研究

对印制电路板孔金属化所用胶体钯的性质、从废胶体钯溶液中回收金属Pd的工艺方法及染料对酸性镀铜液的均镀能力和深镀能力的影响等进行了研究。结果表明：在回收钯工艺中采用加热破胶法可使金属Pd的回收率达98．79％；添加剂对胶体钯￡电位有着直接影响，且Na2SnO4和香草醛对胶体钯的稳定性具有一定作用；并对镀层整平性和光亮性以及镀液均镀和深镀能力进行分析比较，确定了实验范围内的最佳染料添加剂是亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B，其均镀能力分别为75．05％和68．42％，深镀能力分别为85％和88％。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.