炭化温度和煤焦油配比对炭分子筛性能的影响

本文考察了炭化温度和粘结剂煤焦油配比对炭分子筛空分性能的影响,并在DA方程基础上分析了炭分子筛微孔结构变化。结果表明,炭分子筛微孔孔径和孔容随炭化温度提高而增大,随焦油配比增大而减小。当炭化温度为900℃,焦油配比4.26wt%时,所得炭分子筛的空分性能最佳。     

褐煤改质制备炭分子筛的研究

研究了褐煤原料经热处理改质后制备炭分子筛的可能性,并考察了热解改质的工艺条件对产品空分性能的影响。结果表明,与褐煤改质前相比,热解改质后的褐煤制备的炭分子筛具有炭分子筛强度高和空分性能好等优点。     

由褐煤新法干馏半焦制备炭分子筛的研究

本文提出由褐煤的固体热载体新法干馏半焦制备空分富氮用炭分子筛的工艺路线.考察了炭化和碳沉积工艺条件对产品空分性能和微孔结构的影响,发现新法干馏半焦是制备炭分子筛的良好的原料.最佳工艺条件下制得的炭分子筛的空分性能可与进口的同类产品相媲美.     

粘结剂对核桃壳基炭分子筛空分性能的影响

考察了三种粘结剂对产品炭分子筛空分性能的影响，表明在煤焦油粘结剂中添加少量造纸浆废液或聚乙烯醇有助于改善炭分子筛空分性能，并能减少其颗粒表面含尘量。     

焦粉制备炭分子筛的研究

以鞍钢化工总厂焦粉为原料制备空分制氮用炭分子筛,并对其进行了探讨性研究.实验考察了焦粉与粘结剂的配比(10%～25%)、粘结剂的种类(煤焦油和树脂)、炭化时间(600～800℃)、浸渍时间(0.25～1.5h)等条件对炭分子筛空分性能的影响.实验使用单因素实验法和正交实验法相结合的方法得出制备炭分子筛的最佳条件.实验结果表明:在焦粉与复合粘结剂(煤焦油和环氧树脂)的配比为25%,浸渍时间为1h,炭沉积终温为700cC的最佳条件下制备的炭分子筛具有最佳空分制氮效果.     

添加铁物类对炭分子筛性能的影响

本文考察了添加铁物类对炭分子筛空分性能的影响,实验表明添加铁物类能提高炭分子筛的空分能力。初步认为这是由于在顺磁性的Fe_3O_4产生的磁场的作用下,顺磁性的O_2被Fe_3O_4吸附于表面的缘故。     

由灵武煤新法干馏半焦制备炭分子筛的研究

以灵武不粘煤的固体热载体新法干馏半焦为原料，综合使用碳化法和碳沉积法进行了空分富氮用炭分子筛的制备研究，考察了碳化和碳沉积工艺条件对产品空分性能的影响，并用ＦＴＩＲ和ＸＲＤ技术对产品炭分子筛进行了表片。结果表明，灵武煤的新法干馏半焦是制备炭分子筛的优良产；在最佳工艺条件下制得的炭分子筛的空分性能可与进口的同类产品相媲美；炭分子筛是典型的无定形炭，其表面含氧官能团主要是Ｃ－Ｏ键和Ｃ＝Ｏ键。     

由活性炭制备富氧用炭分子筛的初步研究

本文初步研究了由商品活性炭直接制备富Ｏ２用炭分子筛的可能性，考察了工艺条件对炭分子筛空分性能的影响。批出可以通过调变商品活性炭的孔隙分布直接获得有一定空分能力的炭分子筛。     

粘结剂对不粘煤制炭分子筛的影响

研究以不粘煤为原料，以煤焦油、Ｒ－树脂以及它们的混合物为粘结剂和调孔剂，制备空分用炭分子筛的工艺方法，考察了粘结剂种类和配比对炭分子筛空分性能的影响。结果表明，Ｒ－树脂的引入改进了工艺条件和炭分子筛性能。适宜的Ｒ－树脂／煤焦油／不粘煤配比为５／２０／１００。     

煤层气变压吸附用炭分子筛的制备研究

为解决煤层抽放气中CH4/N2的分离问题,以椰壳炭化料为原料,采用炭化、活化和炭沉积相结合的方法,以苯为沉积剂,改变工艺条件,制备了不同性能的炭分子筛,研究了炭分子筛前驱体的种类、苯流量对炭分子筛分离效果的影响,结果表明,在炭化温度450℃,炭化时间40 min,活化温度850℃,活化时间120 min时制备的炭分子筛前驱体,进一步制成炭分子筛对CH4/N2的分离效果最好;在750℃,沉积时间30 min,苯流量0.45 m L/min时制备的炭分子筛对CH4/N2的分离效果最好。     

碳沉积法制富氮用炭分子筛的研究

本文提出的碳沉积法是用煤焦油馏分油的有机溶液浸渍煤炭化物,然后热解以进行“孔调变”。确定了最佳工艺条件,制得富氮性能良好的炭分子筛。并用D-A方程求取了各种样品的微孔结构参数。     

H2O2处理炭分子筛前驱体的研究

为获得具有发达孔结构的炭分子筛前驱体，在室温下使用不同浓度H2O2溶液对核桃壳的一次炭化物进行预氧化处理，并做进一步的成型和二次炭化．使用AUTO HI-TGA2950热失重分析仪和ST-03比表面孔径测定仪分别测定了相应样品在N2环境下的TGA-DTA曲线和77K下的N2吸附等温线，分析了其热失重性能和孔结构参数．结果表明：氧化作用提高了一次炭化物的微孔隙率，增强了它的N2吸附能力；改变了样品的表面组成，在二次炭化过程中发生了更大程度的失重，产生大量的孔隙，为下一步炭沉积调孔创造了良好的基础．     

Carbon membranes from cellulose and metal loaded cellulose

The focus of this work was to find a low-cost precursor for carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes, and a simple way of producing them. In addition, several ways of modifying a carbon material are described. The modification method used in this study was metal doping of carbon. CMS membranes were formed by vacuum carbonization of cellulose and metal loaded cellulose. Metal additives include oxides of Ca, Mg, Fe(III) and Si, and nitrates of Ag, Cu and Fe(III).The carbon membrane containing Fe-nitrate has promising separation performance for the gas pairs O₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄. Carbon containing nitrates of Cu or Ag show high selectivity, but reduced O₂ and CO₂ permeability compared to carbon with Fe-nitrate. Element analysis indicates that Cu migrates to the carbon surface, creating an extra layer resistance to gas transport. A silver mirror is also seen on the surface of Ag-nitrate-containing carbon. However, the Ag- and Cu-containing membranes show a high H₂ permeability. Adding metal oxides makes the carbon membranes retard the transport of easily condensable gases (e.g. CO₂). This can be exploited for enhanced H₂/CO₂ separation efficiency.     

半干法合成崩解剂羧甲基淀粉及其性能研究

采用半干法合成药片崩解剂羧甲基淀粉（ＣＭＳ）。考察了碱和一氯乙酸用量对ＣＭＳ取代度（ＤＳ）的影响，实验表明ＤＳ随碱及一氯乙酸用量的增加而增加；考察了ＤＳ及ＣＭＳ中游离羧基和成盐羧基比值Ｈ／Ｎａ的改变对ＣＭＳ吸水溶胀性能和崩解性能的影响，实验表明当ＤＳ为０．５６，Ｈ／Ｎａ比值为０．１３～０．１４时，ＣＭＳ具有最佳的吸水溶胀性能和崩解性能。应用Ｘ射线衍射和扫描电镜探索了ＣＭＳ的结构与性能的关系。     

崩解剂羧甲基淀粉干(半干)法合成及性能研究

分别用干法和半干法合成崩解剂羧甲基淀粉 ( CMS)。通过 α-淀粉酶对 CMS酶解能力的研究并结合 XRD图谱表明 :半干法合成的 CMS比干法合成的更能耐受 α-淀粉酶的水解 ,取代基在高分子链上分布更均匀 ,其吸水溶胀性能也越好     

Effect of polymer precursors on carbon molecular sieve structure and separation performance properties

Polymer precursor and processing method have a significant effect on the separation performance of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes. The authors previously developed a polymer processing method involving oxygen exposure during pyrolysis using synthesized polyimide, 6FDA/BPDA-DAM. The objectives of this work were (i) to demonstrate the generality of the oxygen doping method with a commercially available polymer Matrimid®, (ii) to investigate resultant CMS membrane structures, and (iii) to engineer the CMS performance observed with Matrimid® precursor by tuning the pyrolysis temperature. The investigation of the pore structures is challenging due to their amorphous structures. Various researchers investigated using traditional characterization methods, such as XRD and adsorption, yet molecular sieving structure in ultramicropore region is still not known. Here, the authors investigated using gas molecules as a probe. By interpolating the characterization results, hypothetical ultramicropore size distributions for each CMS membranes are suggested. The results are used to explain dramatically different separation performance trends observed between 6FDA/BPDA-DAM and Matrimid® CMS membranes and to adapt the doping method on Matrimid® CMS membrane for better performance.     

碳化法制备电池级碳酸锂工艺优化研究

碳化法因具有反应高效、工艺简单等特点,已成为电池级碳酸锂生产的主流工艺。但是,在以盐湖锂精矿为原料采用碳化法制备电池级碳酸锂的过程中,还存在碳化过程二氧化碳利用率低、碳化液杂质去除效果不好以及锂的收率低等问题。以盐湖锂精矿为原料,从碳化、净化、热解3个主要环节进行了工艺优化实验,即由常压碳化改为加压碳化、采用化学净化和离子交换树脂吸附相结合的方法去除碳化液中的杂质、由常规热解改为加压热解,可将碳化过程二氧化碳利用率提高到87.4%、净化过程钙镁去除率分别提高到97.92%和96.09% 、全流程锂的直收率提高到82.27%。     

Modification of pore size in activated carbon by polymer deposition and its effects on molecular sieve selectivity

The separation of air for nitrogen production can be carried out by pressure-swing-adsorption over a carbon molecular sieve. The separation is kinetically controlled, since the equilibrium adsorption of both oxygen and nitrogen is very similar, but the adsorption kinetics for oxygen is faster than for nitrogen. Several methods to prepare carbon molecular sieves are reported. In this work, we synthesized a carbon molecular sieve from a commercial activated carbon. After deposition of polyfurfuryl alcohol, these materials were subjected to carbonization at 800°C under an inert atmosphere. All the microporous materials were characterized by analysis of kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data. The molecular sieve performance was assessed by the O₂/N₂ uptake ratio. The material prepared by two depositions has characteristics similar to those of commercial CMS.     

Synthesis of carbon molecular sieves from palm shell by carbon vapor deposition

A series of experiments were conducted to produce carbon molecular sieves (CMS) through carbon deposition from a locally available palm shell of Tenera type for separating gaseous mixtures. The process involves three stages; carbonization, physical activation with steam, and carbon deposition by using benzene cracking technique. Carbonization of the dried palm shells was occurred at 900°C for duration of 1 h followed by steam activation at 830°C for 30–420 min to obtain activated carbons with different degree of burn-offs. The highest micropore volume of activated carbon obtained at 53.2% burn-off was used as a precursor for CMS production. Subsequent carbon deposition of the activated sample at temperature range from 600 to 900°C for 30 min has resulted in a series of CMSs with different selectivities of CO₂/CH₄ and O₂/N₂. The kinetic adsorption isotherm of CO₂, CH₄, O₂ and N₂ at room temperature also presented in this work.     

MgO和CaO对碱矿渣混凝土抗碳化性能的影响

与普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)混凝土相比,碱矿渣混凝土(AASC)的抗碳化性能较差。为了提高AASC的抗碳化性能,本文采用MgO和CaO代替部分矿渣制备AASC,研究了加速碳化环境下掺MgO和CaO的AASC在不同碳化龄期的抗压强度和碳化深度,并结合 X 射线衍射(XRD)、同步热分析(TG-DTG)和扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)等技术分析了MgO和CaO对AASC抗碳化性能的改性机理。结果表明,MgO和CaO分别促进了AASC中Mg-Al水滑石和Ca-Al层状结构的生成,这两种水化产物在碳化过程中会吸收和消耗CO₂,缓解C-S-H的碳化分解。此外,加速碳化后,掺入MgO的AASC中有碳酸钙镁和碳酸镁生成,掺入CaO的AASC中碳酸钙的量明显增多,这些碳化产物可有效填充孔隙,阻碍CO₂向内部进一步的扩散。因此,在碳化环境下,掺MgO和CaO的AASC抗压强度保留率更高,碳化深度更低,表现出更好的抗碳化性能。